1
|
Kim A, Ngamnithiporn A, Du E, Stoltz BM. Recent Advances in the Total Synthesis of the Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids (2002-2020). Chem Rev 2023; 123:9447-9496. [PMID: 37429001 PMCID: PMC10416225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) natural products constitute one of the largest families of alkaloids and exhibit a wide range of structural diversity and biological activity. Ranging from simple THIQ natural products to complex trisTHIQ alkaloids such as the ecteinascidins, the chemical syntheses of these alkaloids and their analogs have been thoroughly investigated due to their intricate structural features and functionalities, as well as their high therapeutic potential. This review describes the general structure and biosynthesis of each family of THIQ alkaloids as well as recent advancements of the total synthesis of these natural products from 2002 to 2020. Recent chemical syntheses that have emerged harnessing novel, creative synthetic design, and modern chemical methodology will be highlighted. This review will hopefully serve as a guide for the unique strategies and tools used in the total synthesis of THIQ alkaloids, as well as address the longstanding challenges in their chemical and biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexia
N. Kim
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Aurapat Ngamnithiporn
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research
Institute, 54 Kamphaeng
Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Emily Du
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- The
Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Investigation of cationic transformations involving 5-ethynyl-4-arylpyrimidines. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
3
|
Hao T, Yang Y, Li N, Mi Y, Zhang G, Song J, Liang Y, Xiao J, Zhou D, He D, Hou Y. Inflammatory mechanism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury with treatment of stepharine in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:153353. [PMID: 33007731 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has shown that microglia-induced neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Stepharine, one of the alkaloids extracted from Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers, exhibited strong inhibitory effect on microglial overactivation. However, it is not known whether it has the potential to prevent ischemic stroke. METHODS The neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of stepharine were investigated in vivo and in vitro, using a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells, respectively. RESULTS In vivo, stepharine (500 μg/kg) suppressed neurological deficits scores, brain water content and cerebral infarct volume induced by MCAO. Moreover, stepharine (500 μg/kg) inhibited NeuN+ cells loss and Iba-1+ cells increase in the MCAO ischemic cortex. In vitro, stepharine (10, 30 μM) substantially inhibited nitric oxide release as well as the mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators [inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β] in LPS-activated BV-2 cells. LPS-induced increase of TLR4 expression, IκBα phosphorylation, and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation was inhibited by stepharine (10, 30 μM). Molecular docking analysis showed that stepharine directly interacted with TLR4. SPR assay further confirmed that stepharine could bind to the TLR4/MD2 complex. Meanwhile, stepharine exhibited neuroprotective effects on SH-SY5Y cells cultured with LPS-treated conditioned medium. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated for the first time that stepharine improved the outcomes in MCAO rats, reduced neuronal loss, and suppressed microglial overactivation via the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway. These results suggest that stepharine might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Hao
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqiu Yang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Mi
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Guijie Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Junyu Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yusheng Liang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiao Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dakuo He
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry, Northeastern University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yoshida K, Fujino Y, Takamatsu Y, Matsui K, Ogura A, Fukami Y, Kitagaki S, Takao KI. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)-Misramine. Org Lett 2018; 20:5044-5047. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Yuta Fujino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yusei Takamatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kohei Matsui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ogura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuri Fukami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Shinji Kitagaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Takao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Clarke AK, Liddon JTR, Cuthbertson JD, Taylor RJK, Unsworth WP. Dearomatisation approaches to spirocyclic dienones via the electrophilic activation of alkynes. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:233-245. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02426b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Two simple metal-mediated dearomatising spirocyclisation protocols to generate spirocyclic dienones from anisole and phenol-tethered ynones in high yields are described.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lips S, Wiebe A, Elsler B, Schollmeyer D, Dyballa KM, Franke R, Waldvogel SR. Synthesis of meta-Terphenyl-2,2''-diols by Anodic C-C Cross-Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10872-6. [PMID: 27490451 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The anodic C-C cross-coupling reaction is a versatile synthetic approach to symmetric and non-symmetric biphenols and arylated phenols. We herein present a metal-free electrosynthetic method that provides access to symmetric and non-symmetric meta-terphenyl-2,2''-diols in good yields and high selectivity. Symmetric derivatives can be obtained by direct electrolysis in an undivided cell. The synthesis of non-symmetric meta-terphenyl-2,2''-diols required two electrochemical steps. The reactions are easy to conduct and scalable. The method also features a broad substrate scope, and a large variety of functional groups are tolerated. The target molecules may serve as [OCO](3-) pincer ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lips
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anton Wiebe
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center, Staudinger-Weg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Elsler
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katrin M Dyballa
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH, Paul-Baumann-Strasse 1, 45772, Marl, Germany
| | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH, Paul-Baumann-Strasse 1, 45772, Marl, Germany.,Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany. .,Max Planck Graduate Center, Staudinger-Weg 9, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lips S, Wiebe A, Elsler B, Schollmeyer D, Dyballa KM, Franke R, Waldvogel SR. Synthese vonmeta-Terphenyl-2,2′′-diolen durch anodische C-C-Kreuzkupplungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lips
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Anton Wiebe
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Max Planck Graduate Center; Staudinger-Weg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Bernd Elsler
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Katrin M. Dyballa
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH; Paul-Baumann-Straße 1 45772 Marl Deutschland
| | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH; Paul-Baumann-Straße 1 45772 Marl Deutschland
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
- Max Planck Graduate Center; Staudinger-Weg 9 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wiebe A, Schollmeyer D, Dyballa KM, Franke R, Waldvogel SR. Selektive Synthese teilgeschützter unsymmetrischer Biphenole durch reagens- und metallfreie anodische Kreuzkupplung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Wiebe
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | | | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH; Marl Deutschland
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Deutschland
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz; Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wiebe A, Schollmeyer D, Dyballa KM, Franke R, Waldvogel SR. Selective Synthesis of Partially Protected Nonsymmetric Biphenols by Reagent- and Metal-Free Anodic Cross-Coupling Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11801-5. [PMID: 27401116 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative cross-coupling of aromatic substrates without the necessity of leaving groups or catalysts is described. The selective formation of partially protected nonsymmetric 2,2'-biphenols via electroorganic synthesis was accomplished with a high yield of isolated product. Since electric current is employed as the terminal oxidant, the reaction is reagent-free; no reagent waste is generated as only electrons are involved. The reaction is conducted in an undivided cell, and is suitable for scale-up and inherently safe. The implementation of O-silyl-protected phenols in this transformation results in both significantly enhanced yields and higher selectivity for the desired nonsymmetric 2,2'-biphenols. The use of a bulky silyl group to block one hydroxyl moiety makes the final product less prone to oxidation. Furthermore, the partially silyl-protected 2,2'-biphenols are versatile building blocks that usually require tedious or low-yielding synthetic pathways. Additionally, this strategy facilitates a large variety of new substrate combinations for oxidative cross-coupling reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Wiebe
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH, Marl, Germany.,Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
| | - Siegfried R Waldvogel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|