A vesicular self-assembled amphiphilic palladium NNC-pincer complex-catalyzed allylic arylation of allyl acetates with sodium tetraarylborates in water

Metallosurfactants Consisting of Amphiphilic Ligands and Transition Metals: Structure, Bonding, Reactivity, and Self-assembling Property

Metallosurfactants are emerging as a relatively new class of surfactants whose ligand moieties bind to various transition metals. Because transition metal centers are incorporated into the surfactant frameworks, they can form various self-assembled structures with metallic interfaces such as micelles, vesicles, and lyotropic liquid crystals. To reduce the lability of transition metal complexes under aqueous conditions, various amphiphilic ligands have been developed as surfactant frameworks. This review discusses some aspects of the design and chemical structures of amphiphilic ligands, as well as focus on various functions and types of chemical bonds present in metallosurfactants.

Iridium(III) Catalyzed Z-Selective Allylic Arylation of α-Fluoro But-1-enoic Acid Amides via β-F-Elimination in Water

Allylic arylation of α-fluoro but-1-enoic acid amides with arylboronic acids was carried out in water by comparing the catalytic activity of iridium(III) and rhodium(III). Ir(III) has shown a strong superiority over Rh(III) to give allyl-aryl coupling products with excellent stereoselectivity in favor of the Z-isomer. The origin of high stereoselectivity is perhaps because of the a coordination of iridium Ir-N or Ir-O.

Rhodium(III) Catalyzed Regioselective and Stereospecific Allylic Arylation in Water by β-Fluorine Elimination of the Allylic Fluoride: Toward the Synthesis of Z-Alkenyl-Unsaturated Amides

A direct coupling of arylboronic acids with allylic fluorides was carried out in water without additives using a rhodium(III) catalyst (Cp*RhCl₂)₂. The transformation proceeded with excellent γ-selectivity to afford major allyl-aryl coupling products (Z) γ-substituted α,β-unsaturated amides. The reactions of α-chiral allylic fluorides took place with excellent α-to-γ chirality transfer to give allylated arenes with a stereogenic center at the benzylic and allylic position.

Mechanistic Study on Allylic Arylation in Water with Linear Polystyrene-Stabilized Pd and PdO Nanoparticles

The catalytic cycle of allylic arylation in water catalyzed by linear polystyrene-stabilized Pd or PdO nanoparticles (PS-PdNPs or PS-PdONPs) was investigated. Stoichiometric stepwise reactions indicated that the reaction did not proceed stepwise on the surface of the catalyst. In the case of the reaction with PS-PdNPs, the leached Pd species is the catalytically active species and the reaction takes place through a similar reaction pathway accepted in the case of a complex catalyst. In contrast, allylic arylation using PS-PdONPs as a catalyst occurs via a Pd(II) catalytic cycle.

Catalytic allylic functionalization via π-allyl palladium chemistry

This review highlights the palladium-catalyzed allylic C–H functionalizations via π-allyl palladium reported from early 2014 to present date.

Aqueous protocol for allylic arylation of cinnamyl acetates with sodium tetraphenylborate using a Bedford-type palladacycle catalyst

Allylic arylation using 0.002 mol% of a Bedford-type palladacycle catalyst is described under mild reaction conditions.

Detailed Structural Analysis of a Self-Assembled Vesicular Amphiphilic NCN-Pincer Palladium Complex by Using Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering and Molecular Dynamics Calculations

Wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments and all-atomistic molecular dynamics calculations were performed to elucidate the detailed structure of bilayer vesicles constructed by self-assembly of an amphiphilic palladium NCN-pincer complex. We found an excellent agreement between the experimental and calculated X-ray spectra, and between the membrane thickness determined from a TEM image and that calculated from an electron-density profile, which indicated that the calculated structure was highly reliable. The analysis of the simulated bilayer structure showed that in general the membrane was softer than other phospholipid bilayer membranes. In this bilayer assemblage, the degree of alignment of complex molecules in the bilayer membrane was quite low. An analysis of the electron-density profile shows that the bilayer assemblage contains a space through which organic molecules can exit. Furthermore, the catalytically active center is near this space and is easily accessible by organic molecules, which permits the bilayer membrane to act as a nanoreactor. The free energy of permeation of water through the bilayer membrane of the amphiphilic complex was 12 kJ mol^-1 , which is much lower than that for phospholipid bilayer membranes in general. Organic molecules are expected to pass though the bilayer membrane. The self-assembled vesicles were shown to be catalytically active in a Miyaura-Michael reaction in water.