1
|
Stereoselective gold(I)-catalyzed approach to the synthesis of complex α-glycosyl phosphosaccharides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:421. [PMID: 35058448 PMCID: PMC8776814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGlycosyl phosphosaccharides represent a large and important family of complex glycans. Due to the distinct nature of these complex molecules, efficient approaches to access glycosyl phosphosaccharides are still in great demand. Here, we disclose a highly efficient and stereoselective approach to the synthesis of biologically important and complex α-glycosyl phosphosaccharides, employing direct gold(I)-catalyzed glycosylation of the weakly nucleophilic phosphoric acid acceptors. In this work, the broad substrate scope is demonstrated with more than 45 examples, including glucose, xylose, glucuronate, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, fucose, 2-N3-2-deoxymannose, 2-N3-2-deoxyglucose, 2-N3-2-deoxygalactose and unnatural carbohydrates. Here, we show the glycosyl phosphotriester prepared herein was successfully applied to the one-pot synthesis of a phosphosaccharide from Leishmania donovani, and an effective preparation of a trisaccharide diphosphate of phosphosaccharide fragments from Hansenula capsulate via iterative elongation strategy is realized.
Collapse
|
2
|
Holzheimer M, Buter J, Minnaard AJ. Chemical Synthesis of Cell Wall Constituents of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9554-9643. [PMID: 34190544 PMCID: PMC8361437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), causing
tuberculosis disease, features an extraordinary
thick cell envelope, rich in Mtb-specific lipids,
glycolipids, and glycans. These cell wall components are often directly
involved in host–pathogen interaction and recognition, intracellular
survival, and virulence. For decades, these mycobacterial natural
products have been of great interest for immunology and synthetic
chemistry alike, due to their complex molecular structure and the
biological functions arising from it. The synthesis of many of these
constituents has been achieved and aided the elucidation of their
function by utilizing the synthetic material to study Mtb immunology. This review summarizes the synthetic efforts of a quarter
century of total synthesis and highlights how the synthesis layed
the foundation for immunological studies as well as drove the field
of organic synthesis and catalysis to efficiently access these complex
natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Holzheimer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Buter
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Su X, Dohle W, Mills SJ, Watt JM, Rossi AM, Taylor CW, Potter BVL. Inositol Adenophostin: Convergent Synthesis of a Potent Agonist of d- myo-Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28793-28811. [PMID: 33195933 PMCID: PMC7659177 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
d-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are Ca2+ channels activated by the intracellular messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3, 1). The glyconucleotide adenophostin A (AdA, 2) is a potent agonist of IP3Rs. A recent synthesis of d-chiro-inositol adenophostin (InsAdA, 5) employed suitably protected chiral building blocks and replaced the d-glucose core by d-chiro-inositol. An alternative approach to fully chiral material is now reported using intrinsic sugar chirality to avoid early isomer resolution, involving the coupling of a protected and activated racemic myo-inositol derivative to a d-ribose derivative. Diastereoisomer separation was achieved after trans-isopropylidene group removal and the absolute ribose-inositol conjugate stereochemistry assigned with reference to the earlier synthesis. Optimization of stannylene-mediated regiospecific benzylation was explored using the model 1,2-O-isopropylidene-3,6-di-O-benzyl-myo-inositol and conditions successfully transferred to one conjugate diastereoisomer with 3:1 selectivity. However, only roughly 1:1 regiospecificity was achieved on the required diastereoisomer. The conjugate regioisomers of benzyl derivatives 39 and 40 were successfully separated and 39 was transformed subsequently to InsAdA after amination, pan-phosphorylation, and deprotection. InsAdA from this synthetic route bound with greater affinity than AdA to IP3R1 and was more potent in releasing Ca2+ from intracellular stores through IP3Rs. It is the most potent full agonist of IP3R1 known and .equipotent with material from the fully chiral synthetic route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Su
- Medicinal
Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal
Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
| | - Stephen J. Mills
- Medicinal
Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
| | - Joanna M. Watt
- Medicinal
Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
- Wolfson
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Ana M. Rossi
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, U.K.
| | - Colin W. Taylor
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, U.K.
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Medicinal
Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng S, Bhetuwal BR, Acharya PP, Zhu J. Facile Synthesis of Sugar Lactols via Bromine-Mediated Oxidation of Thioglycosides. J Carbohydr Chem 2019; 38:109-126. [PMID: 31396001 DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2019.1581889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a variety of sugar lactols (hemiacetals) has been accomplished in moderate to excellent yields by using bromine-mediated oxidation of thioglycosides. It was found that acetonitrile is the optimal solvent for this oxidation reaction. This approach involving bromine as oxidant is superior to that using N-bromosuccimide (NBS) which produces byproduct succinimide often difficult to separate from the lactol products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Meng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Bishwa Raj Bhetuwal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Padam P Acharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Jianglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| |
Collapse
|