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Liu SL, Zhao R, Li M, Yang H, Zhou L, Fang S. Synthesis of 2-(2-Nitroalkyl)indoles by Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H Alkylation. Org Lett 2023; 25:1375-1379. [PMID: 36854113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The Rh(III)-catalyzed addition of the indole C2-H bond to nitroalkenes under an ambient atmosphere is disclosed, providing direct access to a wide range of 2-(2-nitroalkyl)indoles (33 examples) with excellent chemo- and regioselectivity. In addition, pyrrole derivatives also successfully participated in this Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction. Representative nitroalkane products could be converted into structurally diverse and valuable indole derivatives. Furthermore, a series of control experiments were conducted, and a plausible mechanism was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Liang Liu
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Kexue Avenue 136, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Zhao
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Kexue Avenue 136, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglong Li
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Kexue Avenue 136, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Yang
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Kexue Avenue 136, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Zhou
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Kexue Avenue 136, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoming Fang
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science and Technology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Kexue Avenue 136, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
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2
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Borrego E, Caballero A, Pérez PJ. Micellar Catalysis as a Tool for C-H Bond Functionalization toward C-C Bond Formation. Organometallics 2022; 41:3084-3098. [PMID: 37810590 PMCID: PMC10552653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Micelles generated upon dissolving surfactants in water can be employed as nanovessels for catalytic transformations, in the so-called micellar catalysis methodology. This review is focused on the use of micellar catalysis in the context of the catalytic functionalization of carbon-hydrogen bonds. The micelles accumulate catalyst and reactants in their inner volume in such a high local concentration that kinetics are favored. The consequence is that, in most cases, processes that in conventional organic solvents require high temperatures and long reaction times are achieved in milder conditions when micellar catalysis is employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Borrego
- Laboratorio de Catálisis
Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO Centro de Investigación
en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Ana Caballero
- Laboratorio de Catálisis
Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO Centro de Investigación
en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Pérez
- Laboratorio de Catálisis
Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO Centro de Investigación
en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen, 21007 Huelva, Spain
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3
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Yin F, Zhao R, Gorja DR, Fu X, Lu N, Huang H, Xu B, Chen H, Shim JH, Liu K, Li Z, Laster KV, Dong Z, Lee MH. Novel dual inhibitor for targeting PIM1 and FGFR1 kinases inhibits colorectal cancer growth in vitro and patient-derived xenografts in vivo. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:4122-4137. [PMID: 36386480 PMCID: PMC9643289 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the world. The pro-viral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM1) is a proto-oncogene and belongs to the serine/threonine kinase family, which are involved in cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is a tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Small molecule HCI-48 is a derivative of chalcone, a class of compounds known to possess anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. However, the underlying mechanism of chalcones against colorectal cancer remains unclear. This study reports that HCI-48 mainly targets PIM1 and FGFR1 kinases, thereby eliciting antitumor effects on colorectal cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. HCI-48 inhibited the activity of both PIM1 and FGFR1 kinases in an ATP-dependent manner, as revealed by computational docking models. Cell-based assays showed that HCI-48 inhibited cell proliferation in CRC cells (HCT-15, DLD1, HCT-116 and SW620), and induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase through modulation of cyclin A2. HCI-48 also induced cellular apoptosis, as evidenced by an increase in the expression of apoptosis biomarkers such as cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 7. Moreover, HCI-48 attenuated the activation of downstream components of the PIM1 and FGFR1 signaling pathways. Using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) murine tumor models, we found that treatment with HCI-48 diminished the PDX tumor growth of implanted CRC tissue expressing high protein levels of PIM1 and FGFR1. This study suggests that the inhibitory effect of HCI-48 on colorectal tumor growth is mainly mediated through the dual-targeting of PIM1 and FGFR1 kinases. This work provides a theoretical basis for the future application of HCI-48 in the treatment of clinical CRC.
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Palmieri A, Petrini M. Synthesis and practical applications of 2-(2-nitroalkyl)pyrroles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:4533-4546. [PMID: 32510092 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00956c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of pyrroles introducing a 2-nitroalkyl moiety allows the formation of nitro-containing compounds to be used as pivotal intermediates for the synthesis of bioactive compounds. The reaction of pyrroles with nitroalkenes under the Friedel-Crafts conditions allows a direct entry to 2-(2-nitroalkyl)pyrroles. This approach can also be used for the preparation of enantioenriched derivatives exploiting asymmetric catalysis. In a complementary fashion, the Henry reaction between 2-formylpyrroles and nitroalkanes generates the corresponding nitroaldol products which upon dehydration and reduction of the intermediate 2-pyrrolylnitroethene efficiently afford 2-(2-nitroalkyl)pyrroles. This review article summarizes the most relevant procedures for the preparation of 2-(2-nitroalkyl)pyrroles during the last two decades as well as their significant practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino n. 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Marino Petrini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino n. 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy.
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5
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Thiruvengetam P, Chakravarthy RD, Chand DK. A molybdenum based metallomicellar catalyst for controlled and chemoselective oxidation of activated alcohols in aqueous medium. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Rösler T, Faßbach TA, Schrimpf M, Vorholt AJ, Leitner W. Toward Water-Based Recycling Techniques: Methodologies for Homogeneous Catalyst Recycling in Liquid/Liquid Multiphase Media and Their Implementation in Continuous Processes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Rösler
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - T. A. Faßbach
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - M. Schrimpf
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - A. J. Vorholt
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - W. Leitner
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Kitanosono T, Masuda K, Xu P, Kobayashi S. Catalytic Organic Reactions in Water toward Sustainable Society. Chem Rev 2017; 118:679-746. [PMID: 29218984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Traditional organic synthesis relies heavily on organic solvents for a multitude of tasks, including dissolving the components and facilitating chemical reactions, because many reagents and reactive species are incompatible or immiscible with water. Given that they are used in vast quantities as compared to reactants, solvents have been the focus of environmental concerns. Along with reducing the environmental impact of organic synthesis, the use of water as a reaction medium also benefits chemical processes by simplifying operations, allowing mild reaction conditions, and sometimes delivering unforeseen reactivities and selectivities. After the "watershed" in organic synthesis revealed the importance of water, the development of water-compatible catalysts has flourished, triggering a quantum leap in water-centered organic synthesis. Given that organic compounds are typically practically insoluble in water, simple extractive workup can readily separate a water-soluble homogeneous catalyst as an aqueous solution from a product that is soluble in organic solvents. In contrast, the use of heterogeneous catalysts facilitates catalyst recycling by allowing simple centrifugation and filtration methods to be used. This Review addresses advances over the past decade in catalytic reactions using water as a reaction medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kitanosono
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koichiro Masuda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Pengyu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shu Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Highly Efficient Tetranuclear ZnII2LnIII2 Catalysts for the Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Indoles and Nitrostyrenes. Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal6090140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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9
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Baker’s yeast as an efficient biocatalyst for regioselective 1,4-conjugate addition of indoles to nitroolefins in aqueous medium. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Yadav S, Srivastava M, Rai P, Tripathi BP, Mishra A, Singh J, Singh J. Oxidative organophotoredox catalysis: a regioselective synthesis of 2-nitro substituted imidazopyridines and 3-substituted indoles, initiated by visible light. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02365g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular C–N heterocyclization and C–C bond formation under visible light irradiation at room temperature was accomplished with a metal-free photoredox catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehlata Yadav
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad-211002
- India
| | - Madhulika Srivastava
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad-211002
- India
| | - Pratibha Rai
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad-211002
- India
| | - Bhartendu Pati Tripathi
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad-211002
- India
| | - Anu Mishra
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad-211002
- India
| | - Jaya Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- LRPG College
- Sahibabad
- India
| | - Jagdamba Singh
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad-211002
- India
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