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Wang WH, Yang W, Dong JR, Yang FZ, Chen XT, Xie SD, Yang XQ, Zhao P, Zhu GL. Toonanoronoids A-E, five new limonoids from Toona ciliata var. yunnanensis. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105938. [PMID: 38565379 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Five new B-seco-limonoids, namely toonanoronoids A-E (1-5), in conjunction with three previously reported compounds, were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the twigs and leaves of Toona ciliata var. yunnanensis. Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analysis. The cytotoxic activities of new compounds against five human tumor cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A549, MCF-7, and SW480) were screened, Compounds 4 and 5 exerted inhibition toward two tumor cell lines (HL-60, SW-480) with IC50 values between 1.7 and 5.9 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, PR China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Gastrodia and Fungi Symbiotic Biology, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong 657000, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, PR China
| | - Jin-Run Dong
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, PR China
| | - Fa-Zhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, PR China
| | - Xiao-Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, PR China
| | - Si-Da Xie
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, PR China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, PR China.
| | - Guo-Lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Highly-Efficient Utilization of Forestry Biomass Resources in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650233, PR China.
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2
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Hilmayanti E, Nurlelasari, Supratman U, Kabayama K, Shimoyama A, Fukase K. Limonoids with anti-inflammatory activity: A review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 204:113469. [PMID: 36228704 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The natural limonoids distributed mainly in the Meliaceae and Rutaceae plants are known for their unique and complex structure with high degree oxidation and cyclic rearrangement. However, these compounds exhibit a broad range of biological activities such as insecticidal, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. There is still limited report about the biological activity of the anti-inflammatory effect of limonoids isolated from plants. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of intact, deformed and rearranged limonoids as anti-inflammatory agents. The majority of anti-inflammatory investigations were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays of the isolated pure compounds and their derivatives. For the in vitro study, intact and C-ring seco limonoids showed a potent inhibitory effect against NO production. The in vivo analysis of Intact, C-seco, and AD-seco limonoids showed a potent effect based on the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, indicating their potency as anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Hilmayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Nurlelasari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia; Central Laboratory of Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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3
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Luo J, Sun Y, Li Q, Kong L. Research progress of meliaceous limonoids from 2011 to 2021. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1325-1365. [PMID: 35608367 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00015f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Covering: July 2010 to December 2021Limonoids, a kind of natural tetranortriterpenoids with diverse skeletons and valuable insecticidal and medicinal bioactivities, are the characteristic metabolites of most plants of the Meliaceae family. The chemistry and bioactivities of meliaceous limonoids are a continuing hot area of natural products research; to date, about 2700 meliaceous limonoids have been identified. In particular, more than 1600, including thirty kinds of novel rearranged skeletons, have been isolated and identified in the past decade due to their wide distribution and abundant content in Meliaceae plants and active biosynthetic pathways. In addition to the discovery of new structures, many positive medicinal bioactivities of meliaceous limonoids have been investigated, and extensive achievements regarding the chemical and biological synthesis have been made. This review summarizes the recent research progress in the discovery of new structures, medicinal and agricultural bioactivities, and chem/biosynthesis of limonoids from the plants of the Meliaceae family during the past decade, with an emphasis on the discovery of limonoids with novel skeletons, the medicinal bioactivities and mechanisms, and chemical synthesis. The structures, origins, and bioactivities of other new limonoids were provided as ESI. Studies published from July 2010 to December 2021 are reviewed, and 482 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunpeng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiurong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Zhang PP, Bu YG, Xue S, Cui ZR, Tang PF, Luo J, Kong LY. Four New Limonoids from the Barks of Toona ciliata. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:81-86. [PMID: 33098068 PMCID: PMC7933302 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00274-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Four new limonoids, toonayunnanaes F - I (1 - 4), and six known compounds (5 - 10) were isolated from the barks of Toona ciliata. Their structures were elucidated by thoroughly analyzing of NMR and HRMS data, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction of 1. The oxetane ring moiety in 1 was rare in limonoids and other natural products. Compound 1 showed nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory effect with an IC50 38.45 ± 0.41 µM in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Ge Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Rong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao ML, Shan SJ, Tao R, Cui LT, Li QR, Luo J, Li Y. Stigmastane-type steroid saponins from the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina Del. Fitoterapia 2021; 150:104838. [PMID: 33515649 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Vernoramyosides A-F (1-6), six new Δ7,9(11) stigmastane-type steroid saponins, along with four known analogues (7-10) were isolated from the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina Delile (Compositae). Their structures were determined by the combination of NMR, ECD and HR-ESI-MS data. These compounds all possessed highly oxidized side chain and a γ-lactam or α,β-unsaturated five-membered lactone ring. All isolates were screened for their activities in reversing resistance in MCF/DOX cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ling Zhao
- School of food science and pharmaceutical engineering, Testing & Analysis Center, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Jun Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Xuzhou Pharmaceutical Vocational college, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Tao
- School of food science and pharmaceutical engineering, Testing & Analysis Center, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Tian Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Rong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Li
- School of food science and pharmaceutical engineering, Testing & Analysis Center, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
This review covers newly isolated triterpenoids that have been reported during 2015.
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Zhu GL, Wan LS, Peng XR, Shi QQ, Li XN, Chen JC, Zhou L, Qiu MH. Cytotoxic Limonoids from the Twigs and Leaves of Toona ciliata. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2419-2429. [PMID: 31503490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Eight new limonoids, toononoids A-H (1-8), eight new B-seco-29-norlimonoids, toonanoronoids A-H (9-16), and seven known analogues were obtained from the EtOAc extract of the twigs and leaves of Toona ciliata. Compounds 2, 4, 8, and 16 are rare lactam-bearing limonoids. Compounds 1, 14, and 15 possess an unusual γ-methoxybutenolide moiety at C-17, while compounds 9, 10, and 15 have a rare 3β-hydroxy group. Their 2D structure and relative configurations were identified using spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of 1, 9, 14, and 15 were established via X-ray diffraction crystallography or comparison of experimental and calculated ECD data. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was assessed toward five human tumor cell lines, and their anti-inflammatory activity was assessed based on NO production using LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Compounds 11 and 12 exerted inhibition toward two tumor cell lines (MCF-7, SW-480) with IC50 values between 2.1 and 3.7 μM, while 18-22 inhibited the proliferation of HL-60, MCF-7, and SW-480 cells (IC50 0.6-4.0 μM). Only compound 4 exhibited weak anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 value of 28.3 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering , Southwest Forestry University , Kunming 650224 , People's Republic of China
| | - Luo-Sheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Rong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang-Qiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany (KIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
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Zhang PP, Cui ZR, Li Y, Heng L, Wei SS, Wang XB, Yang MH, Luo J, Kong LY. Ciliatasecones A–C, three rearranged limonoids from Toona ciliata var. yunnanensis. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:555-560. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02736f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Three rearranged limonoids with a novel ring-seco model and an unprecedented cycle system were isolated from Toona ciliata var. yunnanensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Rong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Testing & Analysis Center
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Li Heng
- Testing & Analysis Center
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
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Ghochikyan TV, Samvelyan MA, Galstyan AS, Gevorgyan A, Vardanyan G, Grigoryan T, Langer P. Sonogashira reaction of 5-substituted 3-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)oxolan-2-ones. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428017120089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Xu X, Cai T, Xie KX, Hou X, Xu XY, Jiang Y, Wu ZJ. Fragmentation Study of Limonoids from Turraae pubescens by Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1327536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Cai
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Xin Xie
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Hou
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Chengdu), Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Xu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Wu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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11
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Luo J, Huang WS, Hu SM, Zhang PP, Zhou XW, Wang XB, Yang MH, Luo JG, Wang C, Liu C, Yao HQ, Zhang C, Sun HB, Chen YJ, Kong LY. Rearranged limonoids with unique 6/5/6/5 tetracarbocyclic skeletons from Toona ciliata and biomimetic structure divergence. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00678k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rearranged limonoids with 6/5/6/5 carbon skeletons, were characterized as metabolite and biomimetic products.
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12
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Abstract
Significant limonoids: new isolated limonoids, and recent developments in the total chemical synthesis, and structural modifications of limonoids regarding the bioactivities have been summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Research Institute of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P. R. China
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