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Hood JC, Anokhin MV, Klumpp DA. Friedel-Crafts Reactions with N-Heterocyclic Alcohols. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37471592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic alcohols are shown to be excellent substrates for superacid-promoted Friedel-Crafts reactions. The N-heterocyclic alcohols ionize to produce reactive, dicationic intermediates which provide good to excellent yields of arylation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Hood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - Maksim V Anokhin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - Douglas A Klumpp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Colomer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Faraday 9, Campus UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Cai X, Tohti A, Ramirez C, Harb H, Fettinger JC, Hratchian HP, Stokes BJ. Dispersion-Controlled Regioselective Acid-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroindolation of cis-Methindolylstyrenes To Access Tetrahydrobenzo[ cd]indoles. Org Lett 2019; 21:1574-1577. [PMID: 30807191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Readily prepared cis-β-(α',α'-dimethyl)-4'-methindolylstyrenes undergo acid-catalyzed intramolecular hydroindolation to afford tetrahydrobenzo[ cd]indoles. Our experimental and computational investigations suggest that dispersive interactions between the indole and styrene preorganize substrates such that 6-membered ring formation is preferred, apparently via concerted protonation and C-C bond formation. When dispersion is attenuated (by a substituent or heteroatom), regioselectivity erodes and competing oligomerization predominates for cis substrates. Similarly, all trans-configured substrates that we evaluated failed to cyclize efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cai
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , University of California , 5200 North Lake Road , Merced , California 95343 , United States
| | - Anargul Tohti
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , University of California , 5200 North Lake Road , Merced , California 95343 , United States
| | - Cristian Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , University of California , 5200 North Lake Road , Merced , California 95343 , United States
| | - Hassan Harb
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , University of California , 5200 North Lake Road , Merced , California 95343 , United States
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Avenue , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Hrant P Hratchian
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , University of California , 5200 North Lake Road , Merced , California 95343 , United States
| | - Benjamin J Stokes
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology , University of California , 5200 North Lake Road , Merced , California 95343 , United States
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Kazakova AN, Vasilyev AV. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in organic synthesis. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428017040017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cai X, Keshavarz A, Omaque JD, Stokes BJ. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation of β-Benzylstyrenes. Org Lett 2017; 19:2626-2629. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cai
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Amir Keshavarz
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Justin D. Omaque
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Stokes
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
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