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Schramm S, Weiß D. Bioluminescence - The Vibrant Glow of Nature and its Chemical Mechanisms. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400106. [PMID: 38469601 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Bioluminescence, the mesmerizing natural phenomenon where living organisms produce light through chemical reactions, has long captivated scientists and laypersons alike, offering a rich tapestry of insights into biological function, ecology, evolution as well as the underlying chemistry. This comprehensive introductory review systematically explores the phenomenon of bioluminescence, addressing its historical context, geographic dispersion, and ecological significance with a focus on their chemical mechanisms. Our examination begins with terrestrial bioluminescence, discussing organisms from different habitats. We analyze thefireflies of Central Europe's meadows and the fungi in the Atlantic rainforest of Brazil. Additionally, we inspect bioluminescent species in New Zealand, specifically river-dwelling snails and mosquito larvae found in Waitomo Caves. Our exploration concludes in the Siberian Steppes, highlighting the area's luminescent insects and annelids. Transitioning to the marine realm, the second part of this review examines marine bioluminescent organisms. We explore this phenomenon in deep-sea jellyfish and their role in the ecosystem. We then move to Toyama Bay, Japan, where seasonal bioluminescence of dinoflagellates and ostracods present a unique case study. We also delve into the bacterial world, discussing how bioluminescent bacteria contribute to symbiotic relationships. For each organism, we contextualize its bioluminescence, providing details about its discovery, ecological function, and geographical distribution. A special focus lies on the examination of the underlying chemical mechanisms that enables these biological light displays. Concluding this review, we present a series of practical bioluminescence and chemiluminescence experiments, providing a resource for educational demonstrations and student research projects. Our goal with this review is to provide a summary of bioluminescence across the diverse ecological contexts, contributing to the broader understanding of this unique biological phenomenon and its chemical mechanisms serving researchers new to the field, educators and students alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schramm
- University of Applied Sciences Dresden (HTW Dresden), Friedrich-List-Platz 1, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dieter Weiß
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
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2
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Pashameah RA, Alshareef M, Alharbi A, Alsoliemy A, Abumelha HM, Saad FA, El-Metwaly NM. Synthesis of (Tricyanofuran-3-ylmethylene)hydrazinyl thiazole-containing chromophore, study of its photophysical properties, solvatochromism and TD-DFT computations. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:1751-1759. [PMID: 35906732 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The chromophore 2-2-(3-cyano-5,5-dimethyl-4-((2-(thiazol-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl)-furan-2(5H)-ylidene)malononitrile (TzHTCF) was prepared by diazo-coupling of diazotized 2-aminothiazole with 3-cyano-2-(dicyanomethylene)-4,5,5-trimethylfuran (TCF). The TzHTCF absorption solvatochromism, in different polarity solvents, offered ΔEmax = +4.74 where the positive sign implied red shift occurrence and the TzHTCF lowest excited state was more polar than its ground one. While, the TzHTCF fluorescence spectrum afforded λem , in 416-670 nm range, and was more dependent on the solvent polarity than the absorption λmax , despite both exhibited red shift by 24 and 254 nm, respectively. To discover the Stokes' shift ( ∆ ν ¯ ) behaviour of TzHTCF derivative, Lippert-Mataga and linear solvation-energy relationship (LSER) formulations have been utilized where the LSER displayed better results than the Lippert-Mataga (R2 = 0. 9931). Furthermore, the LSER showed that the absorption and fluorescence solvatochromic behaviours were dependent on the solvent's hydrogen-bond donor (α) and acceptor (β), along with the solvent's polarizability (π*). Moreover, DFT calculations showed that TzHTCF has a planar configuration and its simulated absorption and emission spectra in DMSO revealed that λmax was primarily originated from HOMO→LUMO and HOMO-1→LUMO transitions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami A Pashameah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubark Alshareef
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amerah Alsoliemy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana M Abumelha
- Department of Chemistry ,College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz A Saad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M El-Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Egypt
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3
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Kaufmann M, Müller C, Cullen AA, Brandon MP, Dietzek B, Pryce MT. Photophysics of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Thiazole π-Extended Dipyridophenazine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 60:760-773. [PMID: 33356204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-based donor-acceptor systems can produce long-lived excited charge-transfer states by visible-light irradiation. The novel ruthenium(II) polypyridyl type complexes Ru1 and Ru2 based on the dipyridophenazine ligand (L0) directly linked to 4-hydroxythiazoles of different donor strengths were synthesized and photophysically characterized. The excited-state dynamics were investigated by femtosecond-to-nanosecond transient absorption and nanosecond emission spectroscopy complemented by time-dependent density functional theory calculations. These results indicate that photoexcitation in the visible region leads to the population of both metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (1MLCT) and thiazole (tz)-induced intraligand charge-transfer (1ILCT) states. Thus, the excited-state dynamics is described by two excited-state branches, namely, the population of (i) a comparably short-lived phenazine-centered 3MLCT state (τ ≈ 150-400 ps) and (ii) a long-lived 3ILCT state (τ ≈ 40-300 ns) with excess charge density localized on the phenazine and tz moieties. Notably, the ruthenium(II) complexes feature long-lived dual emission with lifetimes in the ranges τEm,1 ≈ 40-300 ns and τEm,2 ≈ 100-200 ns, which are attributed to emission from the 3ILCT and 3MLCT manifolds, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kaufmann
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Carolin Müller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany.,Research Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Aoibhin A Cullen
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Michael P Brandon
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07743, Germany.,Research Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany.,Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Mary T Pryce
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Murai T, Yoshihara M, Yamaguchi K, Minoura M. 2‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐5‐aminothiazoles: Synthesis and Properties Involving Dual Emissions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Murai
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular ScienceFaculty of EngineeringGifu University Yanagido Gifu 50-1193 Japan
| | - Mari Yoshihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular ScienceFaculty of EngineeringGifu University Yanagido Gifu 50-1193 Japan
| | - Kirara Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular ScienceFaculty of EngineeringGifu University Yanagido Gifu 50-1193 Japan
| | - Mao Minoura
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceRikkyo University Nishi-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8501 Japan
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Hupfer ML, Kaufmann M, Roussille L, Preiß J, Weiß D, Hinrichs K, Deckert V, Dietzek B, Beckert R, Presselt M. Arylic versus Alkylic-Hydrophobic Linkers Determine the Supramolecular Structure and Optoelectronic Properties of Tripodal Amphiphilic Push-Pull Thiazoles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2561-2570. [PMID: 30694677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The supramolecular structures and their constituents essentially determine the optoelectronic properties of thin films. The introduction of amphiphilicity to the constituents and interface assembly is one established technique to control supramolecular structures and resulting material properties. To yield amphiphilicity, rather hydrophobic chromophores are linked to hydrophilic head groups via flexible alkyl chains. In the present work, we investigate whether replacement of the alkyl linkers by a phenylene linker, that is, replacing an electrically isolating moiety with a potentially semiconducting one, increases the conductivity through the resulting layers. After investigating the influence of the linker on molecular properties of the 2-(4- N, N-dimethylaminophenyl)-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl-1,3 thiazoles exemplarily used in this work, we produce supramolecular structures by means of the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy reveal that thin films made from the more rigid thiazole bearing the arylic linker feature a more homogeneous and stable supramolecular structure as compared to those made from the thiazole dye containing the flexible alkylic linker. Finally, conductive AFM (cAFM) results disclose that the LB films made from the thiazole bearing the π-conjugated arylic linker are less conductive than their counterparts based on the alkylic linkers. In the latter layers, the alkylic linkers provide sufficient motional degrees of freedom to allow for supramolecular rearrangement upon electrical operation during cAFM measurements, hence yielding supramolecular structures featuring increased conductivity with successive cAFM measurements. This work highlights the importance of supramolecular structures for optoelectronic properties by presenting a case where supramolecular effects excel the property changes introduced by molecular modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Hupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - M Kaufmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena , Humboldtstraße 10 , Jena 07743 , Germany
| | - L Roussille
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - J Preiß
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - D Weiß
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - K Hinrichs
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V. , Schwarzschildstr. 8 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - V Deckert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - B Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - R Beckert
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - M Presselt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena 07743 , Germany
- Sciclus GmbH & Co. KG , Moritz-von-Rohr Str. 1a , 07745 Jena , Germany
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6
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Hupfer ML, Kaufmann M, Preiß J, Weiß D, Beckert R, Dietzek B, Presselt M. Assembly of T-Shaped Amphiphilic Thiazoles on the Air-Water Interface: Impact of Polar Chromophore Moieties, as Well as Dipolarity and π-Extension of the Chromophore on the Supramolecular Structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2587-2600. [PMID: 30688466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The supramolecular structure essentially determines the properties of organic thin films. In this work, we systematically investigate the influence of the chromophore on the supramolecular structure formation at air-water interfaces by means of the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Therefore, we focus on the recently introduced class of double-anchor T-shaped amphiphilic dyes, namely, 4-hydroxy-thiazole chromophores that are centrally equipped with an amphiphilicity-inducing hexanoic acid. The thiazoles contain hydrophilic subphase-anchor groups in the 2-position (4- N, N-dimethylaminophenyl (Am), 2-pyridyl (Py), and 4-nitrophenyl (Ni)), whereas the chromophores are systematically extended in the 5-position with various substituents. The combination of the Langmuir technique with online fluorescence measurements revealed that the π-π interactions that are pronounced in the case of 4-methoxybiphenyl derivatives yield the most distinct supramolecular structures. Whereas in the case of Py and Ni derivatives ordered J-type supramolecular structures in microdomains are formed, the Am derivative forms ordered supramolecular structures that are more homogeneous, which are, however, not stabilized by J-type dipolar interactions. Because of the synergetic π-π and dipolar stabilizations, the Ni derivative bearing the 4-methoxybiphenyl unit forms exceptionally stable quasi-two-dimensional Langmuir monolayers reaching very high surface pressures beyond 60 mN/m without any sign of disturbance of the Langmuir monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian L Hupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldstraße 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Julia Preiß
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Dieter Weiß
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldstraße 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Rainer Beckert
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldstraße 10 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
| | - Martin Presselt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 , 07745 Jena , Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7a , 07743 Jena , Germany
- SciClus GmbH & Co. KG , Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a , 07745 Jena , Germany
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Schramm S, Weiß D. Fluorescent heterocycles: Recent trends and new developments. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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8
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Kaufmann M, Hupfer M, Sachse T, Herrmann-Westendorf F, Weiß D, Dietzek B, Beckert R, Presselt M. Introducing double polar heads to highly fluorescent Thiazoles: Influence on supramolecular structures and photonic properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 526:410-418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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9
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Jakobi D, Schumann A, Beckert R. Integrating the fluorene substructure into azaacenes: syntheses of novel fluorophores. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2018-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, we report on the syntheses of novel angular fused azaacenes. For this purpose, the synthesis of the bis-diamine 2 (TABEF) could be shortened and optimized. The condensation reaction of 2 with different types of 1,2-diketones yielded new azaacene derivatives of types 10, 11 and 12. Analogously, 2 was cyclized with thionyl chloride to give the piazthiol derivative 13. The optical and electrochemical properties of all new compounds were investigated by UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence emission spectroscopy and cyclovoltammetric measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dörthe Jakobi
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie , Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Humboldtstr 10 , D-07743 Jena , Germany , e-mail:
| | - André Schumann
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie , Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena , Humboldtstr 10 , D-07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Rainer Beckert
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie , Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena , Humboldtstr 10 , D-07743 Jena , Germany
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10
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Hupfer ML, Kaufmann M, Herrmann-Westendorf F, Sachse T, Roussille L, Feller KH, Weiß D, Deckert V, Beckert R, Dietzek B, Presselt M. On the Control of Chromophore Orientation, Supramolecular Structure, and Thermodynamic Stability of an Amphiphilic Pyridyl-Thiazol upon Lateral Compression and Spacer Length Variation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44181-44191. [PMID: 29185335 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The supramolecular structure essentially determines the properties of organic thin films. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand the influence of molecular structure modifications on supramolecular structure formation. In this article, we demonstrate how to tune molecular orientations of amphiphilic 4-hydroxy thiazole derivatives by means of the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique and how this depends on the length of an alkylic spacer between the thiazole chromophore and the polar anchor group. Therefore, we characterize their corresponding supramolecular structures, thermodynamic, absorption, and fluorescence properties. Particularly, the polarization-dependence of the fluorescence is analyzed to deduce molecular orientations and their possible changes after annealing, i.e., to characterize the thermodynamic stability of the individual solid state phases. Because the investigated thiazoles are amphiphilic, the different solid state phases can be formed and be controlled by means of the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. This technique also allows to deduce atomistic supramolecular structure motives of the individual solid phases and to characterize their thermodynamic stabilities. Utilizing the LB technique, we demonstrate that subtle molecular changes, like the variation in spacer length, can yield entirely different solid state phases with distinct supramolecular structures and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian L Hupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Herrmann-Westendorf
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Sachse
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ludovic Roussille
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Feller
- FB Med Tech & Biotechnol, University of Applied Sciences Jena , 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dieter Weiß
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Deckert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rainer Beckert
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Humboldstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Presselt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- SciClus GmbH & Co. KG , Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a, 07745 Jena, Germany
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11
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Gampe DM, Hänsch VG, Schramm S, Menzel R, Weiß D, Beckert R. Mixing Chromophores: Donor-Acceptor Dyes with Low-Lying LUMOs and Narrow Band Gaps by Connecting 4-Alkoxythiazoles and Azaacenes. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Mario Gampe
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Veit Georg Hänsch
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Stefan Schramm
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- NYU Abu Dhabi; Saadiyat Campus; Experimental Research Building (C1); P. O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Roberto Menzel
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech; August-Spindler-Strasse 11 37079 Göttingen Germany
| | - Dieter Weiß
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Rainer Beckert
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
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12
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Gampe DM, Schramm S, Nöller F, Weiß D, Görls H, Naumov P, Beckert R. Pushing to the low limits: tetraazaanthracenes with very low-lying LUMO levels and near-infrared absorption. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10220-10223. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05224c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we explain the extensive changes which result by transforming benzothiadiazoles to highly electron-deficient tetraazaanthracenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Mario Gampe
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Stefan Schramm
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
- New York University Abu Dhabi
| | - Florian Nöller
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Dieter Weiß
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi
- Abu Dhabi
- United Arab Emirates
| | - Rainer Beckert
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
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