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Meshalkin SA, Tsybulin SV, Bardakov VG, Tatarinov IA, Shitov DA, Tupikina EY, Efremova MM, Antonov AS. "Buttressing Effect" in the Halogen-Lithium Exchange in ortho-Bromo-N,N-dimethylanilines and Related Naphthalenes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303956. [PMID: 38131216 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Non-covalent interactions such as coordination of an organolithium reagent by a directing group and steric repulsion of substituents strongly affect the halogen-lithium exchange process. Here we present the manifestation of the "buttressing effect" - an indirect interaction between two substituents issued by the presence of a third group - and its influence on the ease and selectivity of the bromine-lithium exchange and the reactivity of formed aryllithiums. The increase of the size of the "buttressing" substituent strongly affects the conformation of a NMe2 group, forcing it to hinder ortho-bromine and thus slowing down the exchange. In naphthalene substrates bearing two bromines, this suppresses regioselectivity of the reaction. The "buttressing effect" forces formed aryllithiums to deaggregate, thus boosting their reactivity. This facilitates the decomposition via protolisys by ethereal solvents even at low temperatures and in some cases initiates fast Wurtz-Fittig coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan A Meshalkin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Semyon V Tsybulin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Victor G Bardakov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya A Tatarinov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Daniil A Shitov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Y Tupikina
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mariia M Efremova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Antonov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Yakubenko AA, Tupikina EY, Antonov AS. The Role of Conjugation in the Halogen-Lithium Exchange Selectivity: Lithiation of 4,6,7,9-Tetrabromo-1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidine. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301439. [PMID: 37261949 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The first case of successful suppression of the coordination of a lithium atom with a dialkylamino group by the effective conjugation of the latter with the aromatic core has been discovered. This effect controls regioselectivity of the bromine-lithium exchange in 4,6,7,9-tetrabromo-1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidine, which leads to products with the most effective conjugation. As a result, the product of this quadruple exchange demonstrates no tendency of the coordination of the NMe groups to neighboring lithium atoms despite the absence of steric restrictions. Experimental results are explained by means of quantum chemical calculations: geometry optimization, natural bond analysis and scans using the modredundant scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artyom A Yakubenko
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Yu Tupikina
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Antonov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Murakata M. Synthesis of C-Arylglucosides as SGLT2 Inhibitors. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2021. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.79.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Murakata
- API Process Development Department, Pharmaceutical Technology Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., LTD
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La Ferla B, D’Orazio G. Pyranoid Spirosugars as Enzyme Inhibitors. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:3-22. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200924152648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Pyranoid spirofused sugar derivatives represent a class of compounds with a significant
impact in the literature. From the structural point of view, the rigidity inferred by the spirofused entity has made
these compounds object of interest mainly as enzymatic inhibitors, in particular, carbohydrate processing enzymes.
Among them glycogen phosphorylase and sodium glucose co-transporter 2 are important target enzymes
for diverse pathological states. Most of the developed compounds present the spirofused entity at the C1 position
of the sugar moiety; nevertheless, spirofused entities can also be found at other sugar ring positions. The main
spirofused entities encountered are spiroacetals/thioacetals, spiro-hydantoin and derivatives, spiro-isoxazolines,
spiro-aminals, spiro-lactams, spiro-oxathiazole and spiro-oxazinanone, but also others are present.
Objectives:
The present review focuses on the most explored synthetic strategies for the preparation of this class
of compounds, classified according to the position and structure of the spirofused moiety on the pyranoid scaffold.
Moreover, the structures are correlated to their main biological activities or to their role as chiral auxiliaries.
Conclusion:
It is clear from the review that, among the different derivatives, the spirofused structures at position
C1 of the pyranoid scaffold are the most represented and possess the most relevant enzymatic inhibitor activities.
Nevertheless, great efforts have been devoted to the introduction of the spirofused entity also in the other positions,
mainly for the preparation of biologically active compounds but also for the synthesis of chiral auxiliaries
useful in asymmetric reactions; examples of such auxiliaries are the spirofused chiral 1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones and
1,3-oxazolidine-2-thiones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara La Ferla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D’Orazio
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Haider K, Pathak A, Rohilla A, Haider MR, Ahmad K, Yar MS. Synthetic strategy and SAR studies of C-glucoside heteroaryls as SGLT2 inhibitor: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 184:111773. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Murakata M, Kawase A, Kimura N, Ikeda T, Nagase M, Koizumi M, Kuwata K, Maeda K, Shimizu H. Synthesis of Tofogliflozin as an SGLT2 Inhibitor via Construction of Dihydroisobenzofuran by Intramolecular [4 + 2] Cycloaddition. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Murakata
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-Ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
| | - Akira Kawase
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-Ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kimura
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-Ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
| | - Takuma Ikeda
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-Ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagase
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-Ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Koizumi
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-Ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kuwata
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-Ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
| | - Kenji Maeda
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-Ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimizu
- API Process Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-Ku, Tokyo 115-8543, Japan
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Takata N, Tanida S, Nakae S, Shiraki K, Tozuka Y, Ishigai M. Tofogliflozin Salt Cocrystals with Sodium Acetate and Potassium Acetate. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:1035-1040. [PMID: 30381655 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the salt cocrystals formed by tofogliflozin with sodium acetate and potassium acetate by determining the crystal structures of the salt cocrystals and characterizing the solid states. The salt cocrystal screening using the slurry method and the liquid-assisted grinding method resulted in the formation of tofogliflozin-sodium acetate 1 : 1 and tofogliflozin-potassium acetate 1 : 1 salt cocrystals. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that, although each salt cocrystal belongs to a different space group, both of the salt cocrystals have almost similar structural features, including the conformation of tofogliflozin molecules, the coordination to Na+/K+ ions, and hydrogen bonds. The salt cocrystals exhibited extreme hygroscopicity with deliquescence, which is also a property of sodium acetate and potassium acetate. In addition, tofogliflozin-potassium acetate salt cocrystal had two polymorphs, which were enantiotropically related.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Koji Shiraki
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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Aguillón AR, Mascarello A, Segretti ND, de Azevedo HFZ, Guimaraes CRW, Miranda LSM, de Souza ROMA. Synthetic Strategies toward SGLT2 Inhibitors. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anderson R. Aguillón
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 22941-909 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Leandro S. M. Miranda
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 22941-909 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O. M. A. de Souza
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 22941-909 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
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