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Yurino T, Saito S, Ichihashi M, Ohkuma T. Aerobic Allylic Amination Catalyzed by a Pd(OAc) 2/P(OPh) 3 System with Low Catalyst Loading. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2864-2872. [PMID: 35084193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A Pd(OAc)2/P(OPh)3 combination catalyzed Tsuji-Trost-type allylic amination under aerobic conditions. Both aromatic and aliphatic secondary amines were transformed into the corresponding allylic amines with a tiny amount of the catalyst system (typically 0.02 mol % Pd), only when allylic phosphates were employed as electrophiles. Other typical electrophiles, such as allylic acetate and carbonate, were marginally reactive. A Pd(0) complex, Pd[P(OPh)3]3, formed in situ was suggested as an active species by mechanistic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Yurino
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Sunaho Saito
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Mizuki Ichihashi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohkuma
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
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2
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Arokianathar JN, Hartley WC, McLaughlin C, Greenhalgh MD, Stead D, Ng S, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Isothiourea-Catalyzed Enantioselective α-Alkylation of Esters via 1,6-Conjugate Addition to para-Quinone Methides. Molecules 2021; 26:6333. [PMID: 34770741 PMCID: PMC8588318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The isothiourea-catalyzed enantioselective 1,6-conjugate addition of para-nitrophenyl esters to 2,6-disubstituted para-quinone methides is reported. para-Nitrophenoxide, generated in situ from initial N-acylation of the isothiourea by the para-nitrophenyl ester, is proposed to facilitate catalyst turnover in this transformation. A range of para-nitrophenyl ester products can be isolated, or derivatized in situ by addition of benzylamine to give amides at up to 99% yield. Although low diastereocontrol is observed, the diastereoisomeric ester products are separable and formed with high enantiocontrol (up to 94:6 er).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude N. Arokianathar
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (J.N.A.); (W.C.H.); (C.M.); (M.D.G.); (A.M.Z.S.)
| | - Will C. Hartley
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (J.N.A.); (W.C.H.); (C.M.); (M.D.G.); (A.M.Z.S.)
| | - Calum McLaughlin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (J.N.A.); (W.C.H.); (C.M.); (M.D.G.); (A.M.Z.S.)
| | - Mark D. Greenhalgh
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (J.N.A.); (W.C.H.); (C.M.); (M.D.G.); (A.M.Z.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Darren Stead
- AstraZeneca, Oncology R&D, Research & Early Development, Darwin Building, 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK;
| | - Sean Ng
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell RG42 6EY, UK;
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (J.N.A.); (W.C.H.); (C.M.); (M.D.G.); (A.M.Z.S.)
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK; (J.N.A.); (W.C.H.); (C.M.); (M.D.G.); (A.M.Z.S.)
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3
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Lin Q, Hu B, Xu X, Dong S, Liu X, Feng X. Chiral N, N'-dioxide/Mg(OTf) 2 complex-catalyzed asymmetric [2,3]-rearrangement of in situ generated ammonium salts. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3068-3073. [PMID: 34122811 PMCID: PMC8157646 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06342k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic enantioselective [2,3]-rearrangements of in situ generated ammonium ylides from glycine pyrazoleamides and allyl bromides were achieved by employing a chiral N,N'-dioxide/MgII complex as the catalyst. This protocol provided a facile and efficient synthesis route to a series of anti-α-amino acid derivatives in good yields with high stereoselectivities. Moreover, a possible catalytic cycle was proposed to illustrate the reaction process and the origin of stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Shunxi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN; BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN; BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN; BCH 5304 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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5
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Young CM, Taylor JE, Smith AD. Evaluating aryl esters as bench-stable C(1)-ammonium enolate precursors in catalytic, enantioselective Michael addition–lactonisations. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4747-4752. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00703b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An evaluation of a range of aryl, alkyl and vinyl esters as prospective C(1)-ammonium enolate precursors in enantioselective Michael addition–lactonisation processes with (E)-trifluoromethylenones using isothiourea catalysis is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Young
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- North Haugh
- UK
| | - James E. Taylor
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- North Haugh
- UK
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- North Haugh
- UK
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6
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Rodríguez RI, Ramírez E, Fernández-Salas JA, Sánchez-Obregón R, Yuste F, Alemán J. Asymmetric [2,3]-Wittig Rearrangement: Synthesis of Homoallylic, Allenylic, and Enynyl α-Benzyl Alcohols. Org Lett 2018; 20:8047-8051. [PMID: 30525700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A highly stereoselective [2,3]-Wittig rearrangement of allylic and propargylic ethers controlled by a chiral sulfoxide moiety is presented. The activation provided by the sulfoxide at the remote ortho position allows the rearrangement of less-activated and unexplored benzylic carbanions. Thus, this general methodology gives access to the asymmetric synthesis of homoallylic, enynyl, and allenylic α-benzyl alcohol derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo I Rodríguez
- Instituto de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Circuito Exterior, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 , México City , México.,Departamento de Química Orgánica (módulo-1) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Elsie Ramírez
- Instituto de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Circuito Exterior, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 , México City , México
| | - José A Fernández-Salas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica (módulo-1) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Rubén Sánchez-Obregón
- Instituto de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Circuito Exterior, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 , México City , México
| | - Francisco Yuste
- Instituto de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Circuito Exterior, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510 , México City , México
| | - José Alemán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica (módulo-1) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid , Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid , Spain
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7
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2017. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Zhang L, Zhang ZJ, Xiao JY, Song J. Asymmetric Synthesis of Allenyl α-Amino Amides by an Isothiourea Catalyzed Enantioselective [2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement. Org Lett 2018; 20:5519-5522. [PMID: 30153032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient catalytic asymmetric [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements of propargyl ammonium salts have been accomplished under mild reaction conditions. In the presence of the chiral isothiourea catalyst, a wide range of allenyl α-amino amide derivatives were obtained in generally good yields (up to 99%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 96% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Zi-Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Jing-Yu Xiao
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Jin Song
- Department of Chemistry , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
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9
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Greenhalgh MD, Qu S, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Multiple roles of aryloxide leaving groups in enantioselective annulations employing α,β-unsaturated acyl ammonium catalysis. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4909-4918. [PMID: 29910944 PMCID: PMC5982221 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01324a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An isothiourea-catalysed Michael addition-annulation process using β-fluoroalkyl-substituted α,β-unsaturated aryl esters and a range of 2-acylbenzazoles is reported for the enantioselective synthesis of dihydropyranone and dihydropyridinone products bearing polyfluorinated stereocenters (29 examples, up to 98% yield, >99 : 1 er). The choice of aryl group of the aryl ester proved essential in determining reaction enantioselectivity and dihydropyranone : dihydropyridinone product selectivity. The aryloxide leaving group is shown to play a number of essential additional roles, operating (i) as a Brønsted base, circumventing the need for an auxiliary base; and (ii) as a Lewis base to catalyse the isomerisation of dihydropyranone products into thermodynamically-favoured dihydropyridinones. After optimisation, this isomerisation process was exploited for the selective synthesis of dihydropyridinone products using acylbenzothiazoles, and either dihydropyranone or dihydropyridinone products using acylbenzoxazoles. Finally, the phenol derivative, produced following protonation of the aryloxide, is proposed to act as a Brønsted acid, which promotes an isothiourea-catalysed kinetic resolution of benzoxazole-derived dihydropyranones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Greenhalgh
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Shen Qu
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews KY16 9ST , UK .
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10
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Kasten K, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Fluoro-β-aryl-α-aminopentenamides by Organocatalytic [2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement. Org Lett 2017; 19:5182-5185. [PMID: 28885031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The tetramisole-promoted catalytic enantioselective [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of quaternary ammonium salts bearing a (Z)-3-fluoro-3-arylprop-2-ene group generates, after addition of benzylamine, a range of β-fluoro-β-aryl-α-aminopentenamides containing a stereogenic tertiary fluorine substituent. Cyclic and acyclic nitrogen substituents as well as various aromatic substituents are tolerated, giving the β-fluoro-β-aryl-α-aminopentenamide products in up to 76% yield, 96:4 dr, and 98:2 er.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kasten
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
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11
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Spoehrle SSM, West TH, Taylor JE, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Tandem Palladium and Isothiourea Relay Catalysis: Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Amino Acid Derivatives via Allylic Amination and [2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11895-11902. [PMID: 28763205 PMCID: PMC5579534 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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A tandem relay catalytic protocol
using both Pd and isothiourea
catalysis has been developed for the enantioselective synthesis
of α-amino acid derivatives containing two stereogenic
centers from readily accessible N,N-disubstituted glycine aryl esters and allylic phosphates. The optimized
process uses a bench-stable succinimide-based Pd precatalyst
(FurCat) to promote Pd-catalyzed allylic ammonium salt generation
from the allylic phosphate and the glycine aryl ester. Subsequent
in situ enantioselective [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement catalyzed
by the isothiourea benzotetramisole forms syn-α-amino acid derivatives with high diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
This methodology is most effective using 4-nitrophenylglycine
esters and tolerates a variety of substituted cinnamic and styrenyl
allylic ethyl phosphates. The use of challenging unsymmetrical N-allyl-N-methylglycine esters is also
tolerated under the catalytic relay conditions without compromising
stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie S M Spoehrle
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Thomas H West
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - James E Taylor
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
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