1
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Zhang R, Ma R, Chen R, Wang L, Ma Y. Regioselective C 3Alkylation of Indoles for the Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes and 3-Styryl Indoles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1846-1857. [PMID: 38214898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe an efficient transition-metal-free regioselective C3alkylation of indoles for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes and 3-styryl indoles. Nitrobenzene is employed as the oxidant to oxidize the alcohols in the presence of a strong base and the reaction avoids the use of transition metals such as Ru and Mn. The protocol provides a favorable route to access biologically active compounds such as arundine, vibrindole A, and turbomycin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, P. R. China
| | - Renchao Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Rener Chen
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, P. R. China
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Yongmin Ma
- Institute of Advanced Studies and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, P. R. China
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2
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Fu Y, Sun P, Li G, He R, Shi L, Xing N. Recent advances in the synthetic method and mechanism for the important N‐heterocyclic compound of 3‐methylindole. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaoning Normal University Dalian China
| | - Pinghui Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaoning Normal University Dalian China
| | - Gong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaoning Normal University Dalian China
| | - Riyang He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaoning Normal University Dalian China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaoning Normal University Dalian China
| | - Na Xing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Liaoning Normal University Dalian China
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3
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Zhu WR, Su Q, Deng XY, Liu JS, Zhong T, Meng SS, Yi JT, Weng J, Lu G. Organocatalytic enantioselective SN1-type dehydrative nucleophilic substitution: access to bis(indolyl)methanes bearing quaternary carbon stereocenters. Chem Sci 2022; 13:170-177. [PMID: 35733509 PMCID: PMC9158264 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly general and straightforward approach to access chiral bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs) bearing quaternary stereocenters has been realized via enantioconvergent dehydrative nucleophilic substitution. A broad range of 3,3′-, 3,2′- and 3,1′-BIMs were obtained under mild conditions with excellent efficiency and enantioselectivity (80 examples, up to 98% yield and >99 : 1 er). By utilizing racemic 3-indolyl tertiary alcohols as precursors of alkyl electrophiles and indoles as C–H nucleophiles, this organocatalytic strategy avoids pre-activation of substrates and produces water as the only by-product. Mechanistic studies suggest a formal SN1-type pathway enabled by chiral phosphoric acid catalysis. The practicability of the obtained enantioenriched BIMs was further demonstrated by versatile transformation and high antimicrobial activities (3al, MIC: 1 μg mL−1). A highly general and straightforward approach to access chiral bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs) bearing quaternary stereocenters has been realized via enantioconvergent dehydrative nucleophilic substitution.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Run Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yi Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Sheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shui Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Tao Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Gui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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4
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Zhou H, Huang Z, Huang H, Song C, Chang J. Synthesis of bisindolylmethane, bispyrrolylmethane, and indolylpyrrolylmethane derivatives via reductive heteroarylation. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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San HH, Huang J, Lei Aye S, Tang X. Boron‐Catalyzed Dehydrative Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation of Arenes Using
β
‐Hydroxyl Ketone as MVK Precursor. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Htet Htet San
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
- Department of Industrial Chemistry Yadanabon University Amarapura Township Mandalay Region 05063 Myanmar
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
| | - Seinn Lei Aye
- Environment and Water Studies Department University of Yangon Kamayut Township Yangon 11041 Myanmar
| | - Xiang‐Ying Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1037 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430074 People's Republic of China
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6
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Win KMN, Sonawane AD, Koketsu M. Synthesis of selenated tetracyclic indoloazulenes via iodine and diorganyl diselenides. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3199-3206. [PMID: 33885574 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00268f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report an efficient protocol for the synthesis of selenated tetracyclic indoloazulenes. The reaction of diorganyl diselenides with molecular iodine in dichloromethane leads to the in situ formation of organo selenenyl iodide. The synthesis of selenylated tetracyclic indoloazulenes through intramolecular cascade cyclization has been achieved via organo selenenyl iodide and bisindole at room temperature under metal-free conditions in good yields. All compounds were fully characterized by the FT-IR, HRMS, and 1H, 13C and 77Se NMR spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Myat Noe Win
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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7
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Wang W, Han H, Wang L, Wang Q, Bu Z. Access to Tetrasubstituted Tri(indolyl)methanes through Copper-Catalyzed Addition/Substitution Sequence. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202007055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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He J, Yu Y, Guo P, Liu X, Zhu B, Cao H. Palladium‐Catalyzed C‐N Bond Formation: A Straightforward Alkoxymethylation Process for the Synthesis of the C1 and C3‐Dialkoxy Indoles. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Zhongshan 528458 P.R. of China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Zhongshan 528458 P.R. of China
| | - Pengfeng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Zhongshan 528458 P.R. of China
| | - Xiang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Zhongshan 528458 P.R. of China
| | - Baofu Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Zhongshan 528458 P.R. of China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Zhongshan 528458 P.R. of China
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9
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Indurthi HK, Virdi R, Koli P, Nageswara Rao D, Sharma DK. Seralite SRC-120 resin catalyzed synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes using indoles and low/high boiling point carbonyl compounds under solvent free conditions. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1849724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harish K. Indurthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Reena Virdi
- Overseas Healthcare Pvt Ltd, Phillaur, India
| | - Papita Koli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Desaboini Nageswara Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Deepak K Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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10
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Yang T, Lu H, Shu Y, Ou Y, Hong L, Au CT, Qiu R. CF3SO2Na-Mediated, UV-Light-Induced Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Indoles with Ketones/Aldehydes and Bioactivities of Products. Org Lett 2020; 22:827-831. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Huiai Lu
- College of Biology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Shu
- College of Biology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ling Hong
- College of Biology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Chak-Tong Au
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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11
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Liu X, Ma S, Toy PH. Halogen Bond-Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones Using a Bidentate Halogen Bond Donor Catalyst: Synthesis of Symmetrical Bis(indolyl)methanes. Org Lett 2019; 21:9212-9216. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. of China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. of China
| | - Patrick H. Toy
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. of China
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12
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Rivas-Loaiza JA, Reyes-Escobedo CE, Lopez Y, Rojas-Lima S, García-Merinos JP, López-Ruiz H. (Thio)urea-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts Reaction: Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)- methanes. LETT ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178616666190222150915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:Bis(indolyl)methane derivatives (BIMs) were synthesized in moderate to good yields by (thio)urea catalyzed electrophilic substitution of indole (2) with various aldehydes 1. Reactions were performed under conventional and microwave (MW) heating, either using 1,2-dichloroetane as solvent or without solvent. The procedure using microwave heating was also applied to the synthesis of the natural products vibrindole A (3n), arsindoline A (3i), arundine (3o) and tris(1H-indol-3-yl)methane (3j). Additionally, the synthesis of streptindole was carried out via intermediate 3g. This methodology is well suited for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes: it offers good yields of products, low sensitivity to moisture and oxygen, high tolerance to different functional groups on the aldehydes such as alkynes and trimethylsilane, and simplicity in operation
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Rivas-Loaiza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Carlos E. Reyes-Escobedo
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera-Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Ciudad Universitaria, 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Yliana Lopez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Susana Rojas-Lima
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera-Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Ciudad Universitaria, 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo García-Merinos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Heraclio López-Ruiz
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera-Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Ciudad Universitaria, 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
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13
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Wang X, Aldrich CC. Development of an imidazole salt catalytic system for the preparation of bis(indolyl)methanes and bis(naphthyl)methane. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216008. [PMID: 31022274 PMCID: PMC6483367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazolium salts are shown to catalyze the rapid room temperature reaction of indoles or naphthol with aldehydes to provide bis(indolyl)methanes or bis(naphthol)methane in excellent yields and the reaction proceeds optimally in dichloromethane with no base additives. The reaction exhibits a broad substrate tolerance and occurs through nucleophilic activation of the indoles and naphthols through a cation-π interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Courtney C. Aldrich
- Department of Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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14
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Muthukumar A, Rao GN, Sekar G. Zn(OTf) 2-catalyzed access to symmetrical and unsymmetrical bisindoles from α-keto amides. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3921-3933. [PMID: 30941387 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00114j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zn(OTf)2-catalyzed synthesis of 3,3'-bisindolyl acetamides from α-keto amides is developed. Both aromatic α-keto amides substituted with electron-donating as well as -withdrawing groups and aliphatic α-keto amides are well tolerated to provide symmetrical bisindoles in moderate to excellent yields. The chemoselective bisindolylation of the keto group of α-keto amides in the presence of a simple keto functionality is successfully achieved in good yields. The transformation is further extended to the synthesis of challenging unsymmetrical bisindoles by treating indolyl α-hydroxy amides with substituted indoles. The unsymmetrical bisindoles are isolated in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alagesan Muthukumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India.
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15
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Gu YC, Hu RM, Li MM, Xu DZ. Iron-containing ionic liquid as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of C3-substituted indole derivatives. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Gu
- Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, School of Science; Tianjin Chengjian University; Tianjin 300384 People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Ming Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin), State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ming Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin), State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Zhen Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Pesticide (Tianjin), State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 People's Republic of China
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16
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Catalyst-free and solvent-free oxidation of cycloalkanes (C5-C8) with molecular oxygen: Determination of autoxidation temperature and product distribution. Chin J Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Tungjiratthitikan P, Furuno H. A Scandium Arylsulfonate-based Coordination Polymer as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Friedel–Crafts Reaction of Indoles with Aldehydes. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:1473-1481. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pennapa Tungjiratthitikan
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University
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