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Noriega S, Leyva E, Moctezuma E, Flores L, Loredo-Carrillo S. Recent Catalysts Used in the Synthesis of 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles by Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Methods. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824666200226120135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
1,2,3-triazoles are popular heterocycles employed in material sciences and medicinal
chemistry as they show antiviral, antibacterial, anti-HIV, antitubercular, and antifungal
activities. Triazoles are appealing due to their stability and interesting click chemistry
properties. The Cu(I) catalyzed reaction between azides and alkynes affords the 1,4-
disubstituted derivative exclusively becoming a useful synthetic tool. However, one of the
main drawbacks of the catalyzed reaction is the need to use Cu(I), which is unstable at
standard conditions and rapidly oxidizes to the non-active Cu(II). The most common approach
when synthesizing 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles is to reduce Cu in situ employing
inorganic Cu salts and a reducing agent. The resulting Cu(I) needs to be further stabilized
with organic ligands for the reaction to take place. The aim of homogeneous catalysis
is to produce a ligand with a dual function both in reducing and stabilizing Cu(I) without interfering in the
overall reaction. Instead, heterogeneous catalysis offers more options when supporting Cu on nanoparticles,
complexes, and composites yielding the desired 1,2,3-triazoles in most cases without the need of a reducing
agent under green solvents such as ethanol and water. The catalytic activity of Ag, Ru, and Ce is also discussed.
This review exemplifies how the use of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts offers new and
green methodologies for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. The materials supporting Cu show catalytic
properties like high surface area, acid-base sites or phase transfer. Although there is no ideal catalyst, Cu remains
the most effective metal since it is economical, abundant and readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Noriega
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava # 6, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., 78210, Mexico
| | - Elisa Leyva
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava # 6, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., 78210, Mexico
| | - Edgar Moctezuma
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava # 6, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., 78210, Mexico
| | - Luisa Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava # 6, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., 78210, Mexico
| | - Silvia Loredo-Carrillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava # 6, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., 78210, Mexico
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Lu H, Li Z. Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazolyl-Based Ketoximes Using Calcium Carbide as an Acetylene Source. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; 730070 Lanzhou Gansu P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University; 730070 Lanzhou Gansu P. R. China
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Anusha G, Reddy MVK, Govardhana Reddy PV. SingaCycle
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‐A1‐Catalyzed Successive Suzuki‐Miyaura and Buchwald Couplings for the Synthesis of Various New Pyridine Analogues. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gokanapalli Anusha
- Department of ChemistryMotakatla Venkata Krishna ReddyYogi Vemana UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Kadapa – 516005, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Motakatla Venkata Krishna Reddy
- Department of ChemistryMotakatla Venkata Krishna ReddyYogi Vemana UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Kadapa – 516005, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Peddiahgari Vasu Govardhana Reddy
- Department of ChemistryMotakatla Venkata Krishna ReddyYogi Vemana UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Kadapa – 516005, Andhra Pradesh India
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