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Recent Advances in Synthesis and Properties of Pyrazoles. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazole-containing compounds represent one of the most influential families of N-heterocycles due to their proven applicability and versatility as synthetic intermediates in preparing relevant chemicals in biological, physical-chemical, material science, and industrial fields. Therefore, synthesizing structurally diverse pyrazole derivatives is highly desirable, and various researchers continue to focus on preparing this functional scaffold and finding new and improved applications; this review highlights some of the most recent and strategic examples regarding the synthesis and properties of different pyrazole derivatives, mainly reported from 2017–present. The discussion involves strategically functionalized rings (i.e., amines, carbaldehydes, halides, etc.) and their use in forming various fused systems, predominantly bicyclic cores with 5:6 fusion taking advantage of our experience in this field and the more recent investigations of our research group.
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Ng JH, Tiekink ERT, Dolzhenko AV. Three-component microwave-assisted synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidin-4-ones. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8323-8332. [PMID: 35424837 PMCID: PMC8984946 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00980c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A practical three-component method for the synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones was developed. The reaction was performed in a one-pot manner under controlled microwave irradiation using easily accessible methyl 5-aminopyrazole-4-carboxylates, trimethyl orthoformate, and primary amines. Under the optimized conditions, challenging substrates, such as N-1 unsubstituted 5-aminopyrazole-4-carboxylates with another substituted amino group in position 3, reacted selectively affording 5-substituted 3-arylamino-1,5-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones. The reaction tolerated a range of primary amines, including anilines. The advantages of the developed protocol include short reaction time, pot- and step-economy, and convenient chromatography-free product isolation. The structural features of representative products were explored by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hui Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia
| | - Edward R T Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University 5 Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia
| | - Anton V Dolzhenko
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia .,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University GPO Box U1987 Perth Western Australia 6845 Australia
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Gao Q, Wu M, Zhang L, Xu P, Wang H, Sun Z, Fang L, Duan Y, Bai S, Zhou X, Han M, Zhang J, Lv J. Open-Air Dual-Diamination of Aromatic Aldehydes: Direct Synthesis of Azolo-Fused 1,3,5-Triazines Facilitated by Ammonium Iodide. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17265-17273. [PMID: 34792363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A new and practical protocol for the synthesis of medicinally privileged azolo[1,3,5]triazines by simply heating under air has been presented. The in situ generated N-azolo amidines from commercially available aromatic aldehydes and 3-aminoazoles with ammonium iodide undergo the second diamination to accomplish the [3 + 1 + 1 + 1] heteroannulation reaction. This convenient process is appreciated by high efficiency, broad substrate scope, gram-scale synthesis, and operational simplicity under reagent-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Manman Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Pengju Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - He Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Lizhen Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Yingchao Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Suping Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Mingxin Han
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Jixia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
| | - Jieli Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P. R. China
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Elie J, Fruit C, Besson T. Microwave-Assisted Sequential One-Pot Synthesis of 8-Substituted Pyrazolo[1,5- a][1,3,5]triazines. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123540. [PMID: 34200623 PMCID: PMC8230123 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports a convenient sequential one-pot approach for the synthesis of an array of 14 pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazines, substituted in C8 by halogen (Br), various functions (CN and CO2Et) and alkyl or (het)aryl groups. This study confirms the interest of combining the efficient heating obtained under dielectric microwave heating and the achievement of sequential one-pot reactions, avoiding the tedious work-up and purification of intermediate compounds, achieving sustainable synthesis processes. Considering usual conventional methods, this microwave protocol is featured by advantages in terms of yields, reaction times, and convenient gram scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Elie
- Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Peninsula, 29680 Roscoff, France; (J.E.); (C.F.)
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Corinne Fruit
- Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Peninsula, 29680 Roscoff, France; (J.E.); (C.F.)
| | - Thierry Besson
- Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Peninsula, 29680 Roscoff, France; (J.E.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-235-522-904
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Guo W, Xie Z, Cai L, Liu G, Deng L, Mei W, Zou X, Zhong Y, Zhuo X, Zheng L, Fan X. Synthesis of Purine Analogues: Photocatalyst-Free Visible-Light-Enhanced Annulation Approach to Pyrazolo[1,5- a][1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diamines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:8365-8380. [PMID: 34097406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new photocatalyst-free visible-light-enhanced strategy for the synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diamines via the formation of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes is reported. The in situ generated pyrazolthiourea intermediates from 1H-pyrazol-3-amines and isothiocyanates undergo formal [4 + 2] annulation with 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidines (TMG) to deliver the corresponding products involved in three C-N bond formations in a one-pot protocol. The formation of EDA complex from pyrazolthiourea and TMG is confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and 1H NMR experiments. Moreover, this mild reaction proceeds in the absence of any external transition metals, oxidants, bases, and ligands. This efficient methodology for the synthesis of purine analogues pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine-2,4-diamines provides potential synthetic applications in the field of drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Liuhuan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Gongping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Weijie Mei
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaoying Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yumei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Soni JP, Joshi SV, Chemitikanti KS, Shankaraiah N. The Riveting Chemistry of Poly‐
aza
‐heterocycles Employing Microwave Technique: A Decade Review. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Soni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Swanand Vinayak Joshi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Krishna Sowjanya Chemitikanti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
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Fairoosa J, Saranya S, Radhika S, Anilkumar G. Recent Advances in Microwave Assisted Multicomponent Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaleel Fairoosa
- School of Chemical SciencesMahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kerala 686 560 INDIA
| | - Salim Saranya
- School of Chemical SciencesMahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kerala 686 560 INDIA
| | - Sankaran Radhika
- School of Chemical SciencesMahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kerala 686 560 INDIA
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical SciencesMahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kerala 686 560 INDIA
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Junaid A, Tan YS, Tiekink ERT, Dolzhenko AV. A one-pot synthesis of N 2,6-diaryl-5,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines and systematic evaluation of their ability to host ethanol in crystals. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37660-37667. [PMID: 35542265 PMCID: PMC9075762 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08795h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient one-pot method for the preparation of N2,6-diaryl-5,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines was developed using a three-component synthesis of 1,6-diaryl-1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines followed by their Dimroth rearrangement to the desired products. The prepared compounds crystallized from ethanol as ethanol clathrates (1 : 1). X-ray crystallography on several products confirmed the adoption of 5,6-dihydro-tautomer. The thermal analysis and powder X-ray diffraction experiments on selected compounds suggested that thermal desolvation of crystals was irreversible. One-pot synthesis and analysis of stable dihydrotriazine-EtOH clathrates.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Junaid
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia .,Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University P.O. Box 519 Prairie View Texas 77446 USA
| | - Yee Seng Tan
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, 5 Jalan Universiti, Sunway University Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia
| | - Edward R T Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, 5 Jalan Universiti, Sunway University Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia
| | - Anton V Dolzhenko
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia .,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University GPO Box U1987 Perth Western Australia 6845 Australia
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Fused Heterocyclic Systems with an s-Triazine Ring. 34. Development of a Practical Approach for the Synthesis of 5-Aza-isoguanines. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081453. [PMID: 31013786 PMCID: PMC6514761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purine isosteres present excellent opportunities in drug design and development. Using isosteres of natural purines as scaffolds for the construction of new therapeutic agents has been a valid strategy of medicinal chemistry. Inspired by the similarity to isoguanine, we attempted to develop a practical method for the preparation of 5-aza-isoguanines. Several synthetic approaches were explored to establish a robust general protocol for the preparation of these compounds. The significant difference in the reactivity of the C-5 and C-7 electrophilic centers of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazines (5-azapurines) towards nucleophiles was demonstrated. The most practical and general method for the preparation of 5-aza-isoguanines involved a regioselective reaction of ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate with a 5-aminotriazole. The intramolecular ring closure of the resulted product followed by the S-methylation afforded 7-methylthio-2-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-one, which could be effectively aminated with various amines. The resulted 5-aza-isoguanines resemble a known purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor and could be interesting for further investigations as potential anticancer agents.
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A synthesis of new 7-amino-substituted 4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazines via a selective three-component triazine ring annulation. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lim FPL, Tan KC, Luna G, Tiekink ER, Dolzhenko AV. A new practical synthesis of 3-amino-substituted 5-aminopyrazoles and their tautomerism. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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V. Dolzhenko A, Junaid A. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazines: Efficient Approaches to Therapeutically Valuable Scaffold. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-19-920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lim FPL, Tan LY, Tiekink ERT, Dolzhenko AV. A one-pot, multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of novel 2-alkyl substituted 4-aminoimidazo[1,2- a][1,3,5]triazines. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21495-21504. [PMID: 35539915 PMCID: PMC9080918 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03703e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly selective, one-pot, three-component synthesis of novel 2-alkyl-substituted 4-aminoimidazo[1,2-a][1,3,5]triazines has been developed. The scope of the method was explored in two dimensions, varying the structures of trialkyl orthoesters and 2-aminoimidazoles in their reactions with cyanamide. Conveniently performed under microwave irradiation, this method was also proved to be efficient under conventional heating. A library of 24 novel compounds was prepared in high purity using this multicomponent approach. Molecular and crystal structures of representative molecules were studied using X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Phei Lin Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia +60-3-5514-6364 +60-3-5514-5867
| | - Lin Yuing Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia +60-3-5514-6364 +60-3-5514-5867
| | - Edward R T Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia
| | - Anton V Dolzhenko
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia +60-3-5514-6364 +60-3-5514-5867
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University GPO Box U1987 Perth Western Australia 6845 Australia
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