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Hu L, Liu N, Li Y, Zhang Q, Cui X, Shan C, Chen S, Li S, Liu R, Wen H. A novel strategy to identify the species-specific peptide biomarkers in Pheretima aspergillum (E. Perrier) based on enzymatic digestion followed by LC-MS/MS methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 229:115372. [PMID: 37018956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Guang Dilong [P. aspergillum (E. Perrier)], is an animal-derived traditional Chinese medicine made from the dried body of Pheretima aspergillum (E. Perrier) (TCM). Due to its widely application and high medical values, preparations of P. aspergillum (E. Perrier) may be adulterated by four other species, including three crucial Pheretima species [P. vulgaris (Chen), P. pectinifera (Mkhaeken), and P. guillemi (Michaelsen)] and one considerable adulteration [Metaphire magna (Chen)]. This study developed a novel and effective strategy for analyzing and authenticating Guang Dilong based on enzymatic digestion of protein. The nanoLC-MS/MS technique used to evaluate complete peptidomics profiles of trypsin-digested samples, resulting in the identification of species-specific peptide biomarkers in P. aspergillum (E. Perrier). The significance of different samples and peptides in the target species set was then investigated using mathematical set theory. Consequently, seven peptides were chosen as prospective biomarkers. Finally, five specific peptide biomarkers for differentiating Guang Dilong with other species were confirmed and validated using UFLC-MS/MS and MRM mode. The suggested technique may also be beneficial in evaluating the quality of other animal-derived goods for safety issues in order to avoid misidentification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co. LTD., Jiangyin 214434, PR China
| | - Yanchao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co. LTD., Jiangyin 214434, PR China
| | - Qiancheng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chenxiao Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shengjun Chen
- Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co. LTD., Jiangyin 214434, PR China
| | - Song Li
- Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co. LTD., Jiangyin 214434, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Hongmei Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Yoneyama T, Takahashi H, Grudniewska A, Ban S, Umeyama A, Noji M. Ergostane-Type Sterols From Several Cordyceps Strains. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221105363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ergosterol is an essential component for fungi, including entomopathogenic fungi like Cordyceps. Cordyceps has been used as a traditional medicine in Japan and China and possesses various unique ergostane-type sterols, those exhibit bioactivities. In this manuscript, we reported the isolation of 2 new ergostane-type sterols, 1 and 2 along with ten sterols (3-12) from 7 strains of Cordyceps related fungal strains, Cordyceps takaomontana NBRC 101754, Metarhizium owariense NBRC 33258, Polycephalomyces formosus NBRC 109994, Cordyceps tuberculata NBRC 106948, Cordyceps tenuipes NBRC 108997, Cordyceps sp. NBRC 106954, and Tolypocladium paradoxum NBRC 106958 collected fruiting bodies of Ophiocordyceps heteropoda. In addition, the antitrypanosomal activity and antimicrobial activity of isolates were tested to find 6 showed the antitrypanosomal activity, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was confirmed as 1.41 µg/mL. In the antimicrobial assay, the MIC value of 8 against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was determined to be 3.1 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sayaka Ban
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Liu X, Liu H, Zhang C, Wei A, Ao H, Liu F, Li M, Guo L, Ye Q. Combination of c oxidase subunit I based deoxyribonucleic acid barcoding and HPLC techniques for the identification and quality evaluation of Pheretima aspergillum. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2989-2995. [PMID: 32419363 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify Pheretima aspergillum (Guang-Pheretima) and its adulterants using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I based deoxyribonucleic acid barcoding technology, and further to evaluate their quality using an optimized high-performance liquid chromatography method. For deoxyribonucleic acid barcoding identification, the Kimura-2-Parameter model was used to analyze genetic distance, and phylogenetic neighbor-joining tree was constructed for species identification of 20 labeled Guang-Pheretima samples. A high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven nucleoside components for quality evaluation. Compared with the GenBank database, 10 samples were identified as real Guang-Pheretima (P. aspergillum), and the others as the adulterants-Metaphire magna. The maximum intraspecific genetic distances of c oxidase subunit I sequence for P. aspergillum were smaller than the minimum interspecific genetic distances between P. aspergillum and M. magna. Ten P. aspergillum and 10 M. magna samples were clearly clustered in the neighbor-joining tree. The contents of seven nucleosides components in P. aspergillum were significantly higher than that in its adulterant-M. magna. The incidence of adulterants for Guang-Pheretima was high (up to 50%) with an alarming quality. This study provided a powerful idea for the quality evaluation of other highly valuable plant- or animal-derived products for safety concerns to avoid misidentification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Cunyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ailing Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Hui Ao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Meifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, P.R. China
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4
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Cheng TF, Zhang YH, Ye J, Jin HZ, Zhang WD. Investigation of the chemical compounds in Pheretima aspergillum (E. Perrier) using a combination of mass spectral molecular networking and unsupervised substructure annotation topic modeling together with in silico fragmentation prediction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 184:113197. [PMID: 32120187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Untargeted mass spectrometry analysis is one of the most challenging and meaningful steps in the rapid structural elucidation of the highly complex and diverse constituents of traditional Chinese medicine. Specifically, it is a laborious and time-consuming way to identify unknown compounds. Herein, a workflow was proposed to expedite the annotations of the chemical structures in Pheretima aspergillum (E. Perrier) (Di-Long, DL). First, ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOFMS) was performed to obtain the untargeted mass spectral data. Then, the spectral data were uploaded to the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform to create a network and extract the Mass2Motifs (co-occurring fragments and neutral losses) using unsupervised substructure annotation topic modeling (MS2LDA). Finally, a structural analysis was performed using the proposed workflow of MS2LDA in combination with mass spectral molecular networking and in silico fragmentation prediction. As a result, a total of 124 compounds from DL were effectively characterized, of which 89 (7 furan sulfonic acids, 57 phospholipids and 25 carboxamides) were identified as potentially new compounds from DL. The results presented in this article significantly improve the understanding of the chemical composition of DL and provide a solid scientific basis for the future study of the quality control, underlying pharmacology and mechanism of DL. Moreover, the proposed workflow was used for the first time to accelerate the annotations of unknown molecules from TCM. Furthermore, this workflow will increase the efficiency of characterizing the 'unknown knowns' and elucidation of the 'unknown unknowns' from TCM, which are crucial steps of discovering the natural product drugs in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Fang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu-Hao Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Complex Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ji Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hui-Zi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Complex Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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5
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Irwin LC, Allen MA, Vriesen MR, Kerr MA. Annulation of Oxime‐Ether Tethered Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes. Chemistry 2019; 26:171-175. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Irwin
- Department of Chemistry The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St London ON N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Meredith A. Allen
- Department of Chemistry The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St London ON N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Matthew R. Vriesen
- Department of Chemistry The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St London ON N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Michael A. Kerr
- Department of Chemistry The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond St London ON N6A 3K7 Canada
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