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Mallick T, Jana D, Bisai A, De P. Asymmetric Aldol Reactions Catalyzed by Polymeric Self-Assembly with Side-Chain Dipeptide Pendants. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:651-657. [PMID: 38722312 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
To explore the role of proline amide moieties in polymer-supported organocatalysts, side-chain l-proline-l-alanine (Pro-Ala) dipeptide-containing block copolymers were synthesized, and their catalytic potential for the aldol reaction was explored. The dipeptide monomer (Boc-Pro-Ala-HEMA) was polymerized to prepare block copolymers in the presence of hydrophilic poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PPEGMA) and hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) macro-chain transfer agents. Boc group expulsion from the block copolymers produced double hydrophilic PPEGMA-b-P(Pro-Ala-HEMA) (1b) and amphiphilic PMMA-b-P(Pro-Ala-HEMA) (1c) polymers. The solution behaviors of the polymers were studied by various physical techniques, which showed the formation of self-assembled aggregates of 1c in water and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)/water solvent mixtures. These polymers are used as organocatalysts during the aldol reaction of cyclohexanone and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde in different solvent polarities, catalyst loadings, temperatures, and reaction times. This work emphasizes superior catalytic activity of 1c at lower catalyst loadings (5%) while maintaining high conversion (95%) and enantioselectivity (94%) across multiple recycling cycles in DMF/water at a 3:1 ratio (v/v).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Mallick
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246 West Bengal, India
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246 West Bengal, India
| | - Debgopal Jana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246 West Bengal, India
| | - Alakesh Bisai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246 West Bengal, India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246 West Bengal, India
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, 741246 West Bengal, India
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Recent Advances in Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyrrolidine-Based Organocatalysts and Their Application: A 15-Year Update. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052234. [PMID: 36903480 PMCID: PMC10005811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1971, chemists from Hoffmann-La Roche and Schering AG independently discovered a new asymmetric intramolecular aldol reaction catalyzed by the natural amino acid proline, a transformation now known as the Hajos-Parrish-Eder-Sauer-Wiechert reaction. These remarkable results remained forgotten until List and Barbas reported in 2000 that L-proline was also able to catalyze intermolecular aldol reactions with non-negligible enantioselectivities. In the same year, MacMillan reported on asymmetric Diels-Alder cycloadditions which were efficiently catalyzed by imidazolidinones deriving from natural amino acids. These two seminal reports marked the birth of modern asymmetric organocatalysis. A further important breakthrough in this field happened in 2005, when Jørgensen and Hayashi independently proposed the use of diarylprolinol silyl ethers for the asymmetric functionalization of aldehydes. During the last 20 years, asymmetric organocatalysis has emerged as a very powerful tool for the facile construction of complex molecular architectures. Along the way, a deeper knowledge of organocatalytic reaction mechanisms has been acquired, allowing for the fine-tuning of the structures of privileged catalysts or proposing completely new molecular entities that are able to efficiently catalyze these transformations. This review highlights the most recent advances in the asymmetric synthesis of organocatalysts deriving from or related to proline, starting from 2008.
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Babkova M, Wilhelm R. On the Influence of a Camphor‐based 1,3‐Diamine Fragment in a Proline‐Based Organocatalyst. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Babkova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Clausthal University of Technology Leibnizstr. 6 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
| | - Rene Wilhelm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Clausthal University of Technology Leibnizstr. 6 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany
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Cmelova P, Sramel P, Zahradnikova B, Modrocka V, Szabados H, Meciarova M, Sebesta R. Pro‐Pro Dipeptide‐Thiourea Organocatalyst in the Mannich Reaction Between α‐Imino Esters and Pyruvates. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cmelova
- Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Natural Sciences: Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave Prirodovedecka fakulta Organic chemistry SLOVAKIA
| | - Peter Sramel
- Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Natural Sciences: Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave Prirodovedecka fakulta Organic chemistry SLOVAKIA
| | - Barbora Zahradnikova
- Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Natural Sciences: Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave Prirodovedecka fakulta Organic chemistry SLOVAKIA
| | - Viktoria Modrocka
- Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Natural Sciences: Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave Prirodovedecka fakulta Organic chemistry SLOVAKIA
| | - Henrich Szabados
- Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Natural Sciences: Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave Prirodovedecka fakulta Organic chemistry SLOVAKIA
| | - Maria Meciarova
- Comenius University in Bratislava Faculty of Natural Sciences: Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave Prirodovedecka fakulta Organic chemistry SLOVAKIA
| | - Radovan Sebesta
- Comenius University FNS: Univerzita Komenskeho v Bratislave Prirodovedecka fakulta Organic chemistry Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6 84215 Bratislava SLOVAKIA
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Valapil DG, Kadagathur M, Shankaraiah N. Stereoselective Aldol and Conjugate Addition Reactions Mediated by Proline‐Based Catalysts and Its Analogues: A Concise Review. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Gurukkala Valapil
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Manasa Kadagathur
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
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Antenucci A, Dughera S, Renzi P. Green Chemistry Meets Asymmetric Organocatalysis: A Critical Overview on Catalysts Synthesis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:2785-2853. [PMID: 33984187 PMCID: PMC8362219 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Can green chemistry be the right reading key to let organocatalyst design take a step forward towards sustainable catalysis? What if the intriguing chemistry promoted by more engineered organocatalysts was carried on by using renewable and naturally occurring molecular scaffolds, or at least synthetic catalysts more respectful towards the principles of green chemistry? Within the frame of these questions, this Review will tackle the most commonly occurring organic chiral catalysts from the perspective of their synthesis rather than their employment in chemical methodologies or processes. A classification of the catalyst scaffolds based on their E factor will be provided, and the global E factor (EG factor) will be proposed as a new green chemistry metric to consider, also, the synthetic route to the catalyst within a given organocatalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Antenucci
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TurinVia Pietro Giuria, 710125TurinItaly
- NIS Interdeprtmental CentreINSTM Reference CentreUniversity of TurinVia Gioacchino Quarello 15/A10135TurinItaly
| | - Stefano Dughera
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TurinVia Pietro Giuria, 710125TurinItaly
| | - Polyssena Renzi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of TurinVia Pietro Giuria, 710125TurinItaly
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Juaristi E. Recent developments in next generation (S)-proline-derived chiral organocatalysts. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Abstract
The aldol reaction which is the most important one among the C-C bond forming reactions,
is widely used by synthetic organic chemists to obtain β-hydroxycarbonyl compounds which are important
starting components for biologically active compounds in optically pure form. In this research,
five Pro-Phe derivatives were synthesized by simple amidation reactions and characterized by their
spectral data. Their catalytic activities in asymmetric aldol reaction were investigated. The catalytic
activity studies were performed with aliphatic ketones and various aromatic aldehydes. Especially, (S)-
methyl 3-mercapto-2-((S)-3-phenyl-2-((S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)propanamido)propanoate showed
good catalytic activities in water at 0oC in the presence of p-nitrobenzoic acid cocatalyst. The enantioselectivities
were up to 90.4%, the diastereomeric ratios were up to 97/3 and yields were 99%. The
results showed that these organocatalysts were promising organocatalysts for aldol reaction. Besides,
this catalyst showed its best catalytic activities in water which is also an important contribution to
green chemistry requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Karaoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, 34010 Esenler, Istanbul,Turkey
| | - Feray Aydogan
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, 34010 Esenler, Istanbul,Turkey
| | - Cigdem Yolacan
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, 34010 Esenler, Istanbul,Turkey
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Čmelová P, Vargová D, Šebesta R. Hybrid Peptide-Thiourea Catalyst for Asymmetric Michael Additions of Aldehydes to Heterocyclic Nitroalkenes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:581-592. [PMID: 33258590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional organocatalysis combining covalent and noncovalent activation is presented. The hybrid peptide-thiourea catalyst features a N-terminal proline moiety for aldehyde activation and a thiourea unit for electrophile activation. This catalyst effectively promotes asymmetric Michael additions of aldehydes to challenging but biologically relevant heterocycle-containing nitroalkenes. The catalyst can be used under solvent-free conditions. Spectroscopic and density functional theory studies elucidate the catalyst structure and mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Čmelová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Denisa Vargová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Shim JH, Kim MJ, Lee JY, Kim KH, Ha DC. Organocatalytic asymmetric aldol reaction using protonated chiral 1,2-diamines. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mondal A, Bhowmick KC. Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reaction Catalyzed by (1R, 2R)-(+)-1, 2- Diammonium Cyclohexane-L-tartrate in Water. CURRENT ORGANOCATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2213337206666181227151140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
A cheap and commercially available organocatalyst, (1R, 2R)-(+)-1, 2-
diammonium cyclohexane-L-tartrate 1 was applied in direct aldol reaction in water. The organocatalyst
1 afforded aldol products from cyclohexanone and substituted aromatic aldehydes with high
yield (up to 90%) and good stereoselectivity (up to 99% ee and up to 11.5:1 dr) in large volume of
water (10 ml).
Methods:
The same aldol reaction when carried out in the presence of more expensive organocatalyst
e.g. (1R, 2R)-(+)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane and 1,6-hexanediaoic acid as acid additive furnished the
aldol products with only 20% yield, 2:1 anti/syn ratio and 92% ee.
Results and Conclusion:
In summary, we have applied a reasonably cheap and commercially available
organocatalyst 1 for highly enantioselective direct aldol reaction in water at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mondal
- Division of Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan-731 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Kartick Chandra Bhowmick
- Division of Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan-731 235, West Bengal, India
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