1
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Templ J, Schnürch M. A Guide for Mono-Selective N-Methylation, N-Ethylation, and N-n-Propylation of Primary Amines, Amides, and Sulfonamides and Their Applicability in Late-Stage Modification. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304205. [PMID: 38353032 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of mono-alkylation methodologies targeting crucial nitrogen moieties - amines, amides, and sulfonamides - found in organic building blocks and pharmaceuticals. Emphasizing the intersection of chemical precision with drug discovery, the central challenge addressed is achieving one-pot mono-selective short-chain N-alkylations (methylations, ethylations, and n-propylations), preventing undesired overalkylation. Additionally, sustainable, safe, and benign alternatives to traditional alkylating agents, including alcohols, carbon dioxide, carboxylic acids, nitriles, alkyl phosphates, quaternary ammonium salts, and alkyl carbonates, are explored. This review, categorized by the nature of the alkylating agent, aids researchers in selecting suitable methods for mono-selective N-alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Templ
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schnürch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060, Vienna, Austria
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2
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He Z, Moreno JA, Swain M, Wu J, Kwon O. Aminodealkenylation: Ozonolysis and copper catalysis convert C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) bonds to C(sp 3)-N bonds. Science 2023; 381:877-886. [PMID: 37616345 PMCID: PMC10753956 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi4758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Great efforts have been directed toward alkene π bond amination. In contrast, analogous functionalization of the adjacent C(sp3)-C(sp2) σ bonds is much rarer. Here we report how ozonolysis and copper catalysis under mild reaction conditions enable alkene C(sp3)-C(sp2) σ bond-rupturing cross-coupling reactions for the construction of new C(sp3)-N bonds. We have used this unconventional transformation for late-stage modification of hormones, pharmaceutical reagents, peptides, and nucleosides. Furthermore, we have coupled abundantly available terpenes and terpenoids with nitrogen nucleophiles to access artificial terpenoid alkaloids and complex chiral amines. In addition, we applied a commodity chemical, α-methylstyrene, as a methylation reagent to prepare methylated nucleosides directly from canonical nucleosides in one synthetic step. Our mechanistic investigation implicates an unusual copper ion pair cooperative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Jose Antonio Moreno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Manisha Swain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Jason Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
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3
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Dworkin JH, Dehnert BW, Kwon O. When all C-C breaks LO-Ose. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2023; 5:174-200. [PMID: 38108020 PMCID: PMC10725311 DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic peroxides are becoming popular intermediates for novel chemical transformations. The weak O-O bond is readily reduced by transition metals, including iron and copper, to initiate a radical cascade process that breaks C-C bonds. Great potential exists for the rapid generation of complexity, originating from the ability to couple the resulting free radicals with a wide range of partners. First, this review article discusses the history and synthesis of organic peroxides, providing the context necessary to understand this methodology. Then, it highlights 91 examples of recent applications of the radical functionalization of C-C bonds accessed through the transition metal-mediated reduction of organic peroxides. Finally, we provide some comments about safety when working with organic peroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy H. Dworkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Brady W. Dehnert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Ohyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
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4
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Zhou M, Lu H, Wang Z, Kato T, Liu Y, Maruoka K. Synthesis of 1,3‑dicarbonyl compounds bearing hetero-substituted α-quaternary carbon via Fe(II)-catalyzed alkylation with alkylsilyl peroxides. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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5
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Ni H, Li C, Shi X, Hu X, Mao H. Visible-Light-Promoted Fe(III)-Catalyzed N-H Alkylation of Amides and N-Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9797-9805. [PMID: 35857034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The combination of the radical chemistry of ligand-to-metal charge transfer with metal catalysis by a single iron salt helps to realize the visible-light-promoted N-H alkylation of amides and N-heterocycles. A wide variety of amides and nitrogen-containing heterocycles were tolerated in our protocol to give N-alkylated products. The applicability of this protocol was further demonstrated by late-stage alkylation of N-H-containing pharmaceuticals. Moreover, N-H-alkylated α-amino tetrahydrofurans could be transformed into versatile ring-opened amino alcohols under reducing conditions. A mechanistic study revealed that hydrogen atom transfer by a tert-butoxyl radical and a chlorine radical was responsible for the activation of C(sp3)-H precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangcheng Ni
- College of Pharmacy, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China.,Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoming Li
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzi Shi
- Jinhua Branch, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyue Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321007, People's Republic of China
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6
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Zhong W, Xu W, Yang Q, Kato T, Liu Y, Maruoka K. A new approach for the copper-catalyzed functionalization of alkyl hydroperoxides with organosilicon compounds via in-situ-generated alkylsilyl peroxides. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Dong H, Lin Z, Wang C. Nickel-Catalyzed Allylic Defluorinative Cross-Electrophile Coupling with Cycloalkyl Silyl Peroxides as the Alkyl Source. J Org Chem 2021; 87:892-903. [PMID: 34958214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein we demonstrate the first successful application of cycloalkyl silyl peroxides (CSP) as an electrophilic coupling partner in the cross-electrophile coupling reaction. Diverse CSP are efficiently cross-coupled with an array of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes under the catalysis of nickel with the assistance of zinc as the reducing agent. This method allows the use of unstrained CSP as the carbonyl-containing alkyl source in the allylic defluorinative reaction, to access a variety of gem-difluoroalkenes bearing a pendent ketone moiety with high functionality tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Zhiyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.,Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
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8
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Zhou C, Lv J, Xu W, Lu H, Kato T, Liu Y, Maruoka K. Highly Selective Monoalkylation of Active Methylene and Related Derivatives using Alkylsilyl Peroxides by a Catalytic CuI‐DMAP System. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Canhua Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Weiping Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Hanbin Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Terumasa Kato
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Sakyo Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Sakyo Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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9
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Matsumoto A, Shiozaki Y, Sakurai S, Maruoka K. Synthesis of Functionalized Aliphatic Acid Esters via the Generation of Alkyl Radicals from Silylperoxyacetals. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2431-2434. [PMID: 34278735 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We describe a catalytic method for the synthesis of a variety of functionalized aliphatic acid esters using silylperoxyacetals, which are versatile alkyl radical precursors with a terminal ester moiety. In the presence of an appropriate transition-metal catalyst, the in situ generation of alkyl radicals and the subsequent bond-forming process proceeds smoothly to afford synthetically valuable aliphatic acid derivatives. The present method can be applied to the efficient synthesis of a pharmaceutically important 1,1-diarylalkane motif. In addition, a novel strategy for the synthesis of structurally diverse hydroxy acid derivatives via a C-O bond formation process that utilizes TEMPO has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoko Shiozaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, 606-8502, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shunya Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, 606-8502, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, 606-8501, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, 606-8502, Kyoto, Japan.,School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, 510006, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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10
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In-situ-generation of alkylsilyl peroxides from alkyl hydroperoxides and their subsequent copper-catalyzed functionalization with organosilicon compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Lv J, Xu W, Lu H, Kato T, Liu Y, Maruoka K. The copper-catalyzed selective monoalkylation of active methylene compounds with alkylsilyl peroxides. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2658-2662. [PMID: 33687416 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00075f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for a mild copper-catalyzed selective monoalkylation of active methylene compounds with various alkylsilyl peroxides has been developed. The reaction has a broad substrate scope and our mechanistic studies suggest the participation of radical species in this alkylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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12
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Xu W, Liu Y, Kato T, Maruoka K. The Formation of C-C or C-N Bonds via the Copper-Catalyzed Coupling of Alkylsilyl Peroxides and Organosilicon Compounds: A Route to Perfluoroalkylation. Org Lett 2021; 23:1809-1813. [PMID: 33625231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The copper-catalyzed selective cleavage of alkylsilyl peroxides and the subsequent formation of carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen bonds with organosilicon compounds are described. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and exhibits a broad substrate scope with respect to both cyclic and acyclic alkylsilyl peroxides in combination with carbon and nitrogen sources. In particular, this approach enables the facile radical perfluoroalkylation using commercially available perfluoroalkyltrimethylsilanes. Our mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction should proceed via a free-radical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Terumasa Kato
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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13
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Matsumoto A, Maruoka K. Development of Organosilicon Peroxides as Practical Alkyl Radical Precursors and Their Applications to Transition Metal Catalysis. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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14
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Sakurai S, Kano T, Maruoka K. Cu-Catalyzed O-alkylation of phenol derivatives with alkylsilyl peroxides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:81-84. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A Cu-catalyzed O-alkylation of phenol derivatives using alkylsilyl peroxides as alkyl radical precursors is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo
- Japan
| | - Taichi Kano
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo
- Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo
- Japan
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15
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Tsuzuki S, Sakurai S, Matsumoto A, Kano T, Maruoka K. Ni-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-H alkylation of N-quinolylbenzamides using alkylsilyl peroxides as structurally diverse alkyl sources. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7942-7945. [PMID: 34286742 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02983e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A Ni-catalyzed direct C-H alkylation of N-quinolylbenzamides using alkylsilyl peroxides as alkyl-radical precursors is described. The reaction forms a new C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond via the selective cleavage of both C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C(sp2)-H bonds. This transformation shows a high functional-group tolerance and, due to the structural diversity of alkylsilyl peroxides, a wide range of alkyl chains including functional groups and complex structures can be introduced at the ortho-position of readily available N-quinolylbenzamide derivatives. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction involves a radical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Tsuzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Shunya Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Taichi Kano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan and School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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16
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Sakurai S, Matsumoto A, Kano T, Maruoka K. Cu-Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkylarylation of Vinylarenes Enabled by Chiral Binaphthyl-BOX Hybrid Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19017-19022. [PMID: 33017146 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed radical relay coupling reactions have recently emerged as one of the most powerful methods to achieve difunctionalization of olefins. However, there has been limited success in applying this method to asymmetric catalysis using an effective chiral ligand. Herein we report the Cu-catalyzed enantioselective alkylarylation of vinylarenes using alkylsilyl peroxides as alkyl radical sources. This reaction proceeds under practical reaction conditions and affords chiral 1,1-diarylalkane structures that are found in a variety of bioactive molecules. Notably, a highly enantioselective reaction was accomplished by combining chiral bis(oxazoline) ligands with chiral binaphthyl scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Taichi Kano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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17
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Chen L, Yang JC, Xu P, Zhang JJ, Duan XH, Guo L. Nickel-catalyzed Suzuki Coupling of Cycloalkyl Silyl Peroxides with Boronic Acids. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7515-7525. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Cheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Li−Na Guo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
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18
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Shiozaki Y, Sakurai S, Sakamoto R, Matsumoto A, Maruoka K. Iron-Catalyzed Radical Cleavage/C-C Bond Formation of Acetal-Derived Alkylsilyl Peroxides. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:573-576. [PMID: 32017369 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel radical-based approach for the iron-catalyzed selective cleavage of acetal-derived alkylsilyl peroxides, followed by the formation of a carbon-carbon bond is reported. The reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions and exhibits a broad substrate scope with respect to the acetal moiety and the carbon electrophile. Mechanistic studies suggest that the present reaction proceeds through a free-radical process involving carbon radicals generated by the homolytic cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond within the acetal moiety. A synthetic application of this method to sugar-derived alkylsilyl peroxides is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Shiozaki
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shunya Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryu Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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19
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Sakurai S, Tsuzuki S, Sakamoto R, Maruoka K. Cu-Catalyzed Generation of Alkyl Radicals from Alkylsilyl Peroxides and Subsequent C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) Cross-Coupling with Arylboronic Acids. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3973-3980. [PMID: 31939666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This work describes a novel and practical method for the Cu-catalyzed C(sp3)-C(sp2) cross-coupling of alkylsilyl peroxides with arylboronic acids. The reductive cleavage of the O-O bond of alkylsilyl peroxides and the desired cross-coupling reactions to afford alkyl-substituted aromatic rings proceed smoothly at room temperature promoted by simple Cu-based catalysts and do not require activation by visible light. The results of mechanistic investigations support a radical-mediated C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond formation via β-scission of the alkoxy radicals generated from the alkylsilyl peroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Saori Tsuzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryu Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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20
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Takeuchi K, Murata Y, Hirata G, Sheppard TD, Nishikata T. Hybrid Reaction Systems for the Synthesis of Alkylated Compounds Based upon Cu-Catalyzed Coupling of Radicals and Organometallic Species. CHEM REC 2019; 20:403-412. [PMID: 31556485 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A transition metal catalyzed alkylation with an alkyl halide is one of the most difficult reactions to achieve, because of the difficult oxidative addition of an alkyl-halogen bond to a metal, and the tendency of the resulting alkylmetal intermediate to undergo a β-hydride elimination reaction to give an olefin. In this review, we discuss hybrid reaction systems involving Cu catalyzed combination of radicals and organometallic species, which enable facile alkylation reactions to construct C-C and C-heteroatom bonds. This paper highlights recent progress in arylation, alkenylation, alkynylation, cyclization, addition and introduction of heteroatoms via these hybrid reaction systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
| | - Yumi Murata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
| | - Goki Hirata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
| | - Tom D Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Takashi Nishikata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
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21
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Gao P, Wu H, Yang JC, Guo L. Iron-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Olefination of Unstrained Carbon–Carbon Bonds Relying on Alkoxyl Radical Induced Cascade. Org Lett 2019; 21:7104-7108. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Jun-Cheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Li−Na Guo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi’an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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22
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Seihara T, Sakurai S, Kato T, Sakamoto R, Maruoka K. Synthesis of Functionalized Organoboron/Silicon Compounds by Copper-Catalyzed Coupling of Alkylsilyl Peroxides and Diboron/Silylborane Reagents. Org Lett 2019; 21:2477-2481. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Seihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shunya Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Terumasa Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryu Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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23
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Yang JC, Chen L, Yang F, Li P, Guo LN. Copper-catalyzed borylation of cycloalkylsilyl peroxides via radical C–C bond cleavage. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00472f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A mild copper-catalyzed radical C–C bond cleavage/borylation of cycloalkylsilyl peroxides is described. A range of four to eight, and even twelve-membered substrates were compatible, offering rapid access to keto-functionalized alkyl boronic esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Cheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry
- and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry
- and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry
- and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Pengfei Li
- Center for Organic Chemistry
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710054
- China
| | - Li-Na Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry
- and MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
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