Design and synthesis of a highly efficient labelling reagent for incorporation of tetrafluorinated aromatic azide into proteins

A triple-diazonium reagent for virus crosslinking and the synthesis of an azo-linked molecular cage

The first bench-stable triple-diazonium reagent (TDA-1) was rationally designed and synthesized for coupling and crosslinking. The three reactive sites of TDA-1 can react with phenol-containing molecules as well as plant viruses in aqueous buffers efficiently. In addition, a new-type azo-linked cage was constructed by the direct reaction of TDA-1 with a triple-phenol molecule and was characterized by X-ray crystallography.

Virus-Based Supramolecular Structure and Materials: Concept and Prospects

Rodlike and spherelike viruses are various monodisperse nanoparticles that can display small molecules or polymers with unique distribution following chemical modifications. Because of the monodisperse property, aggregates in synthetic protein-polymer nanoparticles could be eliminated, thus improving the probability for application in protein-polymer drug. In addition, the monodisperse virus could direct the growth of metal materials or inorganic materials, finding applications in hydrogel, drug delivery, and optoelectronic and catalysis materials. Benefiting from the advantages, the virus or viruslike particles have been widely explored in the field of supramolecular chemistry. In this review, we describe the modification and application of virus and viruslike particles in surpramolecular structures and biomedical research.

π-Extended Coumarins Derived with Nonhydrolyzable Iminophosphoranes as Two-Photon-Excited Fluorophores

Novel coumarin-iminophosphorane (IPP) fluorophores that have stable resonance contributions from aza-ylides were formed by using the nonhydrolysis Staudinger reaction. The N═P formation reaction kinetics obey the conventional Staudinger reaction. The absorption and emission profiles of the coumarin-IPP derivatives can be fine-tuned: an electron-donating group at PPh₃ enhances absorption and fluorescence, whereas an electron-withdrawing group at C-3 drives absorption and emission peaks toward blue-light wavelengths. Two-photon adsorption, accompanied by anti-Stokes fluorescence, is achieved under near-infrared femtosecond laser excitation.

Multifluorinated Aryl Azides for the Development of Improved H2 S Probes, and Fast Strain-promoted Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition and Staudinger Reactions

The development of advanced bioorthogonal reactions for detection and labeling of biomolecules is significant in chemical biology. Recently, researchers have found that multifluorinated aryl azides hold great potential for the development of improved bioorthogonal reactions. The fluorine atom can be a perfect substituent group because of its properties of excellent electronegativity and small steric hindrance. In this Minireview, we discuss recent developments of improved hydrogen sulfide (H₂ S) fluorescence probes, fast strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) and nonhydrolysis Staudinger reactions based on the use of multifluorinated aryl azides. Additionally, kinetic studies and biological applications of these reactions are also presented.

Sequential conjugation methods based on triazole formation and related reactions using azides

The recent remarkable progress in azide chemistry has realized sequential conjugation methods with selective 1,2,3-triazole formation. On the basis of the diverse reactivities of azides and azidophiles, including terminal alkynes and cyclooctynes, various selective reactions to furnish triazoles and a wide range of platform molecules, such as diynes, diazides, triynes, and triazides, have been developed so far for bis- and tris(triazole) syntheses. This review highlights recent transformations involving selective triazole formation, allowing the efficient preparation of unsymmetric bis- and tris(triazole)s using diverse platform molecules.

Development of improved dual-diazonium reagents for faster crosslinking of tobacco mosaic virus to form hydrogels

New bench-stable reagents with two diazonium sites were designed and synthesized for protein crosslinking. Because of the faster diazonium-tyrosine coupling reaction, hydrogels from the crosslinking of tobacco mosaic virus and the reagent DDA-3 could be prepared within 1 min at room temperature. Furthermore, hydrogels with the introduction of disulfide bonds viaDDA-4 could be chemically degraded by dithiothreitol. Our results provided a facile approach for the direct construction of virus-based hydrogels.

Improved dual-diazonium reagents were developed for more efficient crosslinking of tobacco mosaic virus to form hydrogels.