1
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Wei Y, Wang G, Zhang Z, Li M, Ma N, Wu H, Zhang G. Cope Rearrangement of 1-Acyl-2-vinylcyclopropanes to Cyclohept-4-Enones. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38166204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Cycloheptenones are widespread in natural products and bioactive molecules. An efficient and convenient NaH-mediated Cope Rearrangement of doubly activated vinylcyclopropanes is reported for the synthesis of cyclohepten-4-ones. These flexible intramolecular reactions were applicable to a wide range of substrates and could be performed on gram scale. The derivatization of the product leads to short and highly efficient synthesis of some useful functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Mengjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Nana Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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2
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Sar S, Ghorai P. An Intramolecular Umpolung Cascade Kukhtin-Ramirez Reaction/Michael Addition-Initiated Cyclization: Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Cyclopropane Fused 1-Indanones. Org Lett 2023; 25:1946-1951. [PMID: 36920108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a fascinating highly stereoselective P(NMe2)3 mediated intramolecular deoxygenative umpolung cascade Michael addition-initiated cyclopropanation with a diverse substrate adaptability. This methodology creates a new horizon for expedient access to valuable 6,5,3-fused scaffolds having an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter via Kukhtin-Ramirez (K-R) adduct formation, with excellent diastereoselectivity and yields under metal-free ambient conditions. A few functional group transformations have also been performed successfully. Additionally, an asymmetric catalytic attempt using (R)-(+)-H8-BINOL has delivered good enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Sar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Prasanta Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, India
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3
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López-Velázquez D, Núñez-Méndez I, Bernès S, Martínez-de la Luz I, Pérez-Cruz MA. 1,4-Phenyl-ene diallyl bis-(carbonate). IUCRDATA 2023; 8:x230133. [PMID: 36911076 PMCID: PMC9993898 DOI: 10.1107/s2414314623001335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The title mol-ecule, C14H14O6, is based on a benzene core di-substituted by allyl carbonate groups in the para positions. The mol-ecule is placed on an inversion centre, and the substituents are twisted with respect to the central benzene ring plane. The crystal structure does not include significant inter-molecular inter-actions other than weak C-H⋯O contacts between CH groups in the benzene ring and carbonate O atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia López-Velázquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Irma Núñez-Méndez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Sylvain Bernès
- Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Av. San Claudio y 18 Sur, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - Isabel Martínez-de la Luz
- Doctorado en Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
| | - María Ana Pérez-Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Pue., Mexico
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4
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Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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5
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Quinodoz P, Kolleth A, Dagoneau D, Yoshimura M, Reyes Méndez L, Joigneaux M, Staiger R, Horber R, Sulzer‐Mossé S, Bekar Cesaretli A, Karadeniz Yezer U, Catak S, De Mesmaeker A. Efficient Synthesis of 9‐Aminophenanthrenes and Heterocyclic Analogues by Electrocyclization of Biaryl Keteniminium Salts. Helv Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202200093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Quinodoz
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Amandine Kolleth
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Dylan Dagoneau
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Masahiko Yoshimura
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Lucía Reyes Méndez
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Mylène Joigneaux
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Roman Staiger
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Robin Horber
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | - Sarah Sulzer‐Mossé
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
| | | | | | - Saron Catak
- Bogazici University Department of Chemistry Bebek, Istanbul TR-34342 Turkey
| | - Alain De Mesmaeker
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG Crop Protection Research Research Chemistry Schaffhauserstrasse 101 CH-4332 Stein Switzerland
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6
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Lu HH, Gan KJ, Ni FQ, Zhang Z, Zhu Y. Concise Total Synthesis of Salimabromide. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18778-18783. [PMID: 36194507 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We achieved a concise total synthesis of salimabromide by using a novel intramolecular radical cyclization to simultaneously construct the unique benzo-fused [4.3.1] carbon skeleton and the vicinal quaternary stereocenters. Other notable transformations include a tandem Michael/Mukaiyama aldol reaction to introduce most of the molecule's structural elements, along with hidden information for late-stage transformations, an intriguing tandem oxidative cyclization of a diene to form the bridged butyrolactone and enone moieties spontaneously, and a highly enantioselective hydrogenation of a cycloheptenone derivative (97% ee) that paved the way for the asymmetric synthesis of salimabromide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Kang-Ji Gan
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zhihan Zhang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
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7
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Motiwala HF, Armaly AM, Cacioppo JG, Coombs TC, Koehn KRK, Norwood VM, Aubé J. HFIP in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12544-12747. [PMID: 35848353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is a polar, strongly hydrogen bond-donating solvent that has found numerous uses in organic synthesis due to its ability to stabilize ionic species, transfer protons, and engage in a range of other intermolecular interactions. The use of this solvent has exponentially increased in the past decade and has become a solvent of choice in some areas, such as C-H functionalization chemistry. In this review, following a brief history of HFIP in organic synthesis and an overview of its physical properties, literature examples of organic reactions using HFIP as a solvent or an additive are presented, emphasizing the effect of solvent of each reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim F Motiwala
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Ahlam M Armaly
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Jackson G Cacioppo
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Thomas C Coombs
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403 United States
| | - Kimberly R K Koehn
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Verrill M Norwood
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Divison of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 United States
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8
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Huang J, Zhang R, Wu X, Dong G, Xia Y. Intramolecular One-Carbon Homologation of Unstrained Ketones via C-C Activation-Enabled 1,1-Insertion of Alkenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:2436-2440. [PMID: 35302376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe the development of a Rh-catalyzed intramolecular one-carbon homologation of unstrained aryl ketones through a formal 1,1-insertion process of olefins, enabled by temporary directing group (TDG)-aided C-C activation. The reaction provides a distinct approach to access various substituted 1-indanones. Computational mechanistic studies reveal that the formal 1,1-insertion is realized by a selective C(sp2)-C(sp3) activation and turnover limiting 2,1-insertion into the alkene, followed by a facile β-H elimination and reinsertion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangkun Huang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, United States
| | - Xiuli Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, United States
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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9
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Staudt M, Cetin A, Bunch L. Transition Metal‐Free Synthesis of
meta
‐Bromo‐ and
meta
‐Trifluoromethylanilines from Cyclopentanones by a Cascade Reaction. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202102998. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Staudt
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Adnan Cetin
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Department of Sciences Faculty of Education University of Muş Alparslan 49250 Muş Turkey
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
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10
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Zamarija I, Marsh BJ, Magauer T. Ring Expansion of 1-Indanones to 2-Halo-1-naphthols as an Entry Point to Gilvocarcin Natural Products. Org Lett 2021; 23:9221-9226. [PMID: 34780199 PMCID: PMC7612072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a two-step ring expansion of 1-indanones to afford 2-chloro/bromo-1-naphthols (32 examples). The developed method shows broad functional group tolerance, benefits from mild reaction conditions, and enables rapid access to the tetracyclic core of gilvocarcin natural products. The orthogonally functionalized products allow for selective postmodifications as exemplified in the total synthesis of defucogilvocarcin M. For the selective oxidation of the chromene, a mild and regioselective oxidation protocol (DDQ and TBHP) was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Zamarija
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for
Molecular Biosciences, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck,
Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benjamin J. Marsh
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy,
Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13,
81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for
Molecular Biosciences, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck,
Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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11
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Biletskyi B, Colonna P, Masson K, Parrain JL, Commeiras L, Chouraqui G. Small rings in the bigger picture: ring expansion of three- and four-membered rings to access larger all-carbon cyclic systems. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7513-7538. [PMID: 34002179 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01396j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The release of the inherent ring strain of cyclobutane and cyclopropane derivatives allows a rapid build-up of molecular complexity. This review highlights the state-of-the-art of the ring expansions of three- and four-membered cycles and is organised by types of reactions with emphasis on the reaction mechanisms. Selected examples are discussed to illustrate the synthetic potential of this elegant synthetic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Biletskyi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Pierre Colonna
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Kévin Masson
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Parrain
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Laurent Commeiras
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
| | - Gaëlle Chouraqui
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France.
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12
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Schmid M, Sokol KR, Wein LA, Torres Venegas S, Meisenbichler C, Wurst K, Podewitz M, Magauer T. Synthesis of Vicinal Quaternary All-Carbon Centers via Acid-catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Neopentylic Epoxides. Org Lett 2020; 22:6526-6531. [PMID: 32806198 PMCID: PMC7115968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
report our studies on the development of a catalytic cycloisomerization
of 2,2-disubstituted neopentylic epoxides to produce highly substituted
tetralins and chromanes. Termination of the sequence occurs via Friedel–Crafts-type
alkylation of the remote (hetero)arene linker. The transformation
is efficiently promoted by sulfuric acid and proceeds best in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol
(HFIP) as the solvent. Variation of the substitution pattern provided
detailed insights into the migration tendencies and revealed a competing
disproportionation pathway of dihydronaphthalenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schmid
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kevin R Sokol
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Wein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sofia Torres Venegas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Meisenbichler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maren Podewitz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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