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Sheng T, Kang G, Zhuang Z, Chekshin N, Wang Z, Hu L, Yu JQ. Synthesis of β,γ-Unsaturated Aliphatic Acids via Ligand-Enabled Dehydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20951-20958. [PMID: 37698388 PMCID: PMC11152581 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
α,β-Dehydrogenation of aliphatic acids has been realized through both enolate and β-C-H metalation pathways. However, the synthesis of isolated β,γ-unsaturated aliphatic acids via dehydrogenation has not been achieved to date. Herein, we report the ligand-enabled β,γ-dehydrogenation of abundant and inexpensive free aliphatic acids, which provides a new synthetic disconnection as well as a versatile platform for the downstream functionalization of complex molecules at remote γ-sites. A variety of free aliphatic acids, including acyclic and cyclic systems with ring sizes from five-membered to macrocyclic, undergo efficient dehydrogenation. Notably, this protocol features good chemoselectivity in the presence of more accessible α-C-H bonds and excellent regioselectivity in fused bicyclic scaffolds. The utility of this protocol has been demonstrated by the late-stage functionalization of a series of bioactive terpene natural products at the γ-sites. Further functionalization of the β,γ-double bond allows for the installation of covalent warheads, including epoxides, aziridines, and β-lactones, into complex natural product scaffolds, which are valuable for targeted covalent drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sheng
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Guowei Kang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Zhe Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nikita Chekshin
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Schwiedernoch R, Niu X, Shu H, Steinmann SN, Wu M, Naghavi N. One-Step Electrocatalytic Approach Applied to the Synthesis of β-Propiolactones from CO 2 and Dienes. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37467177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactones are common substructures in a variety of natural products and drugs, and they serve as versatile synthetic intermediates in the production of valuable chemical derivatives. Traditional β-lactone synthesis relies on laborious multi-step synthetic methods that use toxic compounds, sophisticated catalysts, expensive, and/or reactive chemicals. Based on the in situ electrochemical formation of metal-based nanoclusters, this paper describes the development of a one-step, room temperature electrocatalytic method for the formation of stable β-lactone from CO2 and dienes. This one-step "electrosynthesis" method results in the formation of a new class of β-lactone with high selectivity (up to 100%) and activity (up to 80% yields with respect to the reacted diene) by regulating the applied potential and current density. This work paves the way for more sustainable and environmentally friendly reaction pathways based on the in situ formation of nanoclusters as organic electrosynthesis catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Schwiedernoch
- Eco-Efficient Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L, IRL 3464 CNRS-Solvay), Solvay (China) Co., Ltd., 3966 Jindu Road, Xinzhuang Industrial Zone, Shanghai 201108, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- Eco-Efficient Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L, IRL 3464 CNRS-Solvay), Solvay (China) Co., Ltd., 3966 Jindu Road, Xinzhuang Industrial Zone, Shanghai 201108, P. R. China
| | - Haosheng Shu
- Eco-Efficient Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L, IRL 3464 CNRS-Solvay), Solvay (China) Co., Ltd., 3966 Jindu Road, Xinzhuang Industrial Zone, Shanghai 201108, P. R. China
| | - Stephan N Steinmann
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Univ Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 46 Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Mengjia Wu
- Eco-Efficient Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L, IRL 3464 CNRS-Solvay), Solvay (China) Co., Ltd., 3966 Jindu Road, Xinzhuang Industrial Zone, Shanghai 201108, P. R. China
| | - Negar Naghavi
- Eco-Efficient Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L, IRL 3464 CNRS-Solvay), Solvay (China) Co., Ltd., 3966 Jindu Road, Xinzhuang Industrial Zone, Shanghai 201108, P. R. China
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Sutter PJ, Kang G, Vellalath S, Romo D. Zinc-mediated carboxylations of allylic and propargylic halides in flow: synthesis of β-lactones via subsequent bromolactonization. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3468-3473. [PMID: 36756578 PMCID: PMC9871729 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc-mediated carboxylation of allylic halides under flow conditions delivered β,γ-unsaturated carboxylic acids and subsequent bromolactonization provides a streamlined process for the synthesis of γ-bromo-β-lactones. The described process further demonstrates the utility of organozinc reagents prepared by passage of allylic halides through a metallic zinc column integrated into a flow process. Use of a tube-in-tube reactor for efficient CO2 introduction led to improvements in conversion compared to a batch process and improved overall yields of β-lactones. The described flow process was also applied to propargylic bromides for the synthesis of allenic and propargylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Sutter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor UniversityWaco 76798TexasUSA
| | - Guowei Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University Waco 76798 Texas USA .,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road La Jolla 92037 California USA
| | - Sreekumar Vellalath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University Waco 76798 Texas USA
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University Waco 76798 Texas USA
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Caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide: a variety of chemical transformations and biological activities. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kang G, Romo D. Photocatalyzed, β-Selective Hydrocarboxylation of α,β-Unsaturated Esters with CO2 under Flow for β-Lactone Synthesis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Daniel Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
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