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Yin P, Zhou Z, Shi L, Xiang C, Ye L, Han M, Shi Z, Zhao Z, Li X. Stereocontrolled Construction of Spirooxindole-Containing 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2- a]pyridine via Michael/Friedel-Crafts Domino Reaction Promoted by Secondary Amine-Squaramide. Org Lett 2024; 26:2152-2157. [PMID: 38456394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
An asymmetric Michael/Friedel-Crafts cascade reaction with Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) nitroallylic esters and 3-pyrrolyloxindoles has been developed for the stereoselective construction of spirooxindole-containing tetrahydroindolizines. A range of tetracyclic scaffolds possessing three consecutive chiral centers, including an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter, were generated in 53-85% isolated yields with high diastereoselectivities and enantiopurities (≥3:1 dr, 50-98% ee). A newly synthesized bifunctional secondary amine/squaramide organocatalyst was demonstrated to exhibit better stereochemical control than their tertiary analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zijie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lingsheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengzhi Xiang
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Min Han
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhichuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
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2
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Park S, Myeong IS, Ham WH. Recent advances in the total synthesis of polyhydroxylated alkaloids via chiral oxazines. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:894-926. [PMID: 38230703 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01624b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
This review summarizes recently established methodologies developed for the enantioselective and diastereoselective synthesis of chiral 1,3-oxazines. These compounds are of interest as advanced synthetic intermediates in the total synthesis of structurally complex and biologically active polyhydroxylated alkaloids such as (+)-1-deoxynojirimycin, (-)-anisomycin, (+)-castanospermine, (+)-casuarine, (-)-conduramine F-1, (-)-sphingofungin B, Neu5Ac methyl ester, and other natural products. The devised synthetic approach aims to offer a direct, efficient, and adaptable method for obtaining both pure enantiomers and pure diastereomers. It revolves around utilizing chiral building blocks like syn,syn-, syn,syn,anti-, syn,anti-, syn,anti,syn-, anti,syn-, anti,syn,syn-, and anti,syn,anti-oxazines. By integrating oxazine chemistry with established and innovative transformations, this approach enabled the synthesis of 30 polyhydroxylated amines across various studies conducted between 2007 and 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokhwi Park
- YS Life Science Co., Ltd, 207, Sujeong-ro, Jangan-myeon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18581, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Soo Myeong
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, 13-13, Hayang-ro, Hayang-eup, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38430, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Hun Ham
- YS Life Science Co., Ltd, 207, Sujeong-ro, Jangan-myeon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18581, Republic of Korea.
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
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3
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Rodríguez-Caro JF, Afonso MM, Palenzuela JA. A Simple Entry to the 5,8-Disubstituted Indolizidine Skeleton via Hetero Diels-Alder Reaction. Molecules 2023; 28:7316. [PMID: 37959735 PMCID: PMC10647431 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5,8-disubstituted indolizidines are the largest family of indolizidines isolated from the skin of amphibians. These compounds exhibit interesting biological activities such as noncompetitive blockers of nicotinic receptors. In this paper, we present a short, simple, and general synthesis of these alkaloids based on the hetero Diels-Alder reaction between suitable monoactivated dienes and Δ1-pyrroline as the dienophile. The selectivity of the process is explained based on computational studies. Concise synthesis of the indolizidine alkaloid 181B from a hetero Diels-Alder reaction was accomplished in four steps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María M. Afonso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (SINTESTER), Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain;
| | - José Antonio Palenzuela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (SINTESTER), Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain;
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4
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Xie X, Huang H, Fan Y, Luo Y, Pang Q, Li X, Huang W. Assembly of spirocyclic pyrazolone-pyrrolo[4,3,2- de]quinoline skeleton via cascade [1,5] hydride transfer/cyclization by C(sp 3)-H functionalization. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7300-7304. [PMID: 37667627 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01063e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a highly efficient, scalable, and cascade [1,5] hydride transfer/cyclization method for constructing unique spirocyclic pyrazolone-pyrrolo[4,3,2-de]quinoline structures via C(sp3)-H functionalization is achieved, using pyrazolones and oxindoles attached to C4 amines. This strategy represents a limited approach utilizing C-H activation to construct spirocyclic pyrazolone scaffolds with moderate to excellent reaction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - He Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Qiwen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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5
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Escolano M, Gaviña D, Díaz-Oltra S, Sánchez-Roselló M, Del Pozo C. Enantioselective Synthesis of Fluorinated Indolizidinone Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:3222-3227. [PMID: 37125898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of fluorinated indolizidinone derivatives has been developed. The process involved an enantioselective intramolecular aza-Michael reaction of conjugated amides bearing a pendant α,β-unsaturated ketone moiety, catalyzed by the (S)-TRIP-derived phosphoric acid, followed by dimethyltitanocene methylenation and ring closing metathesis (RCM). Final indolizidine-derived products comprise a fluorine-containing tetrasubstituted double bond generated by the RCM reaction, which is a challenging task. The whole synthetic sequence took place in acceptable overall yields with excellent enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Escolano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Gaviña
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Díaz-Oltra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pozo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Shorokhov VV, Lebedev DS, Boichenko MA, Zhokhov SS, Trushkov IV, Ivanova OA. A simple method for the synthesis of isoindoline derivatives. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-023-03162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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7
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Xi S, Jiang Y, Yang J, Yang J, Miao D, Chen B, Huang W, He L, Qiu H, Zhang M. Generation and [2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Ammonium Ylides from Cyclopropyl Ketones for Chiral Indolizidines with Bridgehead Quaternary Stereocenters. Org Lett 2022; 24:6957-6961. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Xi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Dingyin Miao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Baoyi Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wanqiu Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ling He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Hanyue Qiu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
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8
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An Intramolecular Hydroaminomethylation-Based Approach to Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids under Microwave-Assisted Heating. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154762. [PMID: 35897934 PMCID: PMC9332719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A general method for the synthesis of pyrrolizidine derivatives using an intramolecular hydroaminomethylation protocol (HAM) under microwave (MW) dielectric heating is reported. Starting from a 3,4-bis(benzyloxy)-2-[(benzyloxy)methyl]-5-vinylpyrrolidine, MW-assisted intramolecular HAM in the presence of gaseous H2 and CO gave the natural alkaloid hyacinthacine A2 protected as benzyl ether. The same approach gave a lentiginosine analogue starting from the corresponding vinyl N-hydroxypyrrolidine. The nature of the reaction products and the yields were strongly influenced by the relative stereochemistry of the starting pyrrolidines, as well as by the catalyst/ligand employed. The use of ethanol as a solvent provides environmentally friendly conditions, while the ligand/catalyst system can be recovered by separating the alkaloid product with an SCX column and recycling the ethanolic solution. HAM worked up to three times with the recycled catalyst solution without any significant impact on yield.
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9
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Raison B, Dussart N, Gueyrard D. Modified Julia olefination on pyrrolidinone: Application to the total synthesis of indolizidine 209D. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Raison
- ICBMS Equipe CO2-Glyco: Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moleculaires et Supramoleculaires Equipe de Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie Chemistry 1 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne FRANCE
| | - Nicolas Dussart
- ICBMS Equipe CO2-Glyco: Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moleculaires et Supramoleculaires Equipe de Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie Chemistry 1 rue Victor Grignard 69622 Villeurbanne FRANCE
| | - David Gueyrard
- UCBL LCO2 43 bd du 11 novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne FRANCE
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10
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Quevedo-Acosta Y, Jurberg ID, Gamba-Sánchez D. Cyclization Strategies Using Imide Derivatives for the Synthesis of Polycyclic Nitrogen‐Containing Compounds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor D. Jurberg
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas Institute of Chemistry 13083 BRAZIL
| | - Diego Gamba-Sánchez
- Universidad de Los Andes Chemistry Department Cra 1 No. 18A-12 Q:305 111711 Bogota COLOMBIA
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11
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Kuntiyong P, Inprung N, Attanonchai S, Kheakwanwong W, Bunrod P, Akkarasamiyo S. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurano[2,3-g]indolizidine and 8-Aminoindolizidines from L-Asparagine. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1806-6089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
8-Aminoindolizidines were synthesized from L-asparagine as the chiral starting material. The key dibenzylamino succinimide intermediate was synthesized in two steps. Three homologs of chiral hydroxylactams tethered with hydroxyalkene were synthesized from the succinimide via a sequence involving N-alkylation, cross olefin metathesis and hydride reduction. The dibenzylamino group gave the stereocontrol of the key N-acyliminium ion cyclization of these hydroxylactams. 5-Substituted-aminoindolizidines were synthesized with high diastereoselectivity at C6. A tandem cyclization of N-(6-hydroxyhex-3-en-1-yl)-g-hydroxylactam resulted in formation of tetrahydrofurano[2,3-g]indolizidine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punlop Kuntiyong
- Chemistry, Silpakorn University Faculty of Science, Muang Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Nantachai Inprung
- Chemistry, Silpakorn University Faculty of Science, Muang Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | - Wichita Kheakwanwong
- Chemistry, Silpakorn University Faculty of Science, Muang Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pijitra Bunrod
- Chemistry, Silpakorn University Faculty of Science, Muang Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Akkarasamiyo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Belen’kii LI, Gazieva GA, Evdokimenkova YB, Soboleva NO. The literature of heterocyclic chemistry, Part XX, 2020. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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13
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Silva-Brandão KL, Freitas AVL, Cardoso MZ, Cogni R, de Morais ABB. The Chemistry and Chemical Ecology of Lepidopterans as Investigated in Brazil. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 116:37-66. [PMID: 34698945 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80560-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The interdisciplinary field of Chemical Ecology in Brazil is currently composed of groups that emerged through the pioneering studies of Keith Spalding Brown Jr. and José Tércio Barbosa Ferreira. Following Keith Brown 's steps, José Roberto Trigo continued investigating the role of plant natural products in mediating the association among insects and their host plants, mainly in the Order Lepidoptera. The role of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in those associations was investigated extensively by Brown and Trigo, and most of what is currently known on this subject is based on their studies. The present work acknowledges their contribution to the Brazilian chemical ecology field and on insect-plant communication studies mediated by different chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina L Silva-Brandão
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Av. Candido Rondom, 400, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - André V L Freitas
- Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu da Diversidade Biológica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio Zikán Cardoso
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cogni
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-090, Brazil
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Abstract
In this contribution, we provide a comprehensive overview of acyclic twisted amides, covering the literature since 1993 (the year of the first recognized report on acyclic twisted amides) through June 2020. The review focuses on classes of acyclic twisted amides and their key structural properties, such as amide bond twist and nitrogen pyramidalization, which are primarily responsible for disrupting nN to π*C═O conjugation. Through discussing acyclic twisted amides in comparison with the classic bridged lactams and conformationally restricted cyclic fused amides, the reader is provided with an overview of amidic distortion that results in novel conformational features of acyclic amides that can be exploited in various fields of chemistry ranging from organic synthesis and polymers to biochemistry and structural chemistry and the current position of acyclic twisted amides in modern chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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15
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Smith SN, Connon SJ. Preparation of Lactams from Cyclic Anhydrides
via N
‐Carboxyanhydride Intermediates. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon N. Smith
- School of Chemistry Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Stephen J. Connon
- School of Chemistry Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin 152-160 Pearse Street Dublin 2 Ireland
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16
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Torres J, Escolano M, Alzuet-Piña G, Sánchez-Roselló M, Del Pozo C. Double asymmetric intramolecular aza-Michael reaction: a convenient strategy for the synthesis of quinolizidine alkaloids. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8740-8745. [PMID: 34581390 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01488a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new methodology to access the quinolizidine skeleton in an asymmetric fashion was devised. It involves two consecutive intramolecular aza-Michael reactions of sulfinyl amines bearing a bis-enone moiety, in turn generated by a monodirectional cross metathesis reaction. The sequence, which takes place with excellent yields and diastereocontrol, was applied to the total synthesis of alkaloids lasubine I and myrtine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot-Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marcos Escolano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot-Valencia, Spain.
| | - Gloria Alzuet-Piña
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot-Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carlos Del Pozo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100-Burjassot-Valencia, Spain.
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17
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Confortin TC, Todero I, Luft L, Schmaltz S, Ferreira DF, Barin JS, Mazutti MA, Zabot GL, Tres MV. Extraction of bioactive compounds from Senecio brasiliensis using emergent technologies. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:284. [PMID: 34094803 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several plant species synthesize biologically active secondary metabolites. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are a large group of biotoxins produced by thousands of plant species to protect against the attack of insects and herbivores, but they are highly toxic for humans and animals. In this study, extracts from the aerial part of Senecio brasiliensis were obtained using different technologies: ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG). The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of these technologies for the extraction of chemical compounds found in this plant, focusing on two pyrrolizidine alkaloids: integerrimine and senecionine. Influential parameters on yield and chemical composition were also evaluated: for UAE and MHG, temperature and pressure; for PLE, temperature, and percentage of ethanol. All the extraction techniques were efficient for the extraction of integerrimine and senecionine. The UAE and PLE stood out for the higher yields and number of compounds. The PLE presented a maximum yield of 18.63% for the matrix leaf and the UAE a maximum yield of 11.82% for the same matrix. These two techniques also stood out in terms of the number of compounds, once 36 different compounds were found via PLE and 17 via UAE. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02845-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tássia C Confortin
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000, Roraima av., Santa Maria, 97105-900 Brazil
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, 1040 Sete de Setembro st., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010 Brazil
| | - Izelmar Todero
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000, Roraima av., Santa Maria, 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Luciana Luft
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000, Roraima av., Santa Maria, 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Silvana Schmaltz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000, Roraima av., Santa Maria, 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Daniele F Ferreira
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000, Roraima av., Santa Maria, 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Juliano S Barin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000, Roraima av., Santa Maria, 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Marcio A Mazutti
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000, Roraima av., Santa Maria, 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Giovani L Zabot
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, 1040 Sete de Setembro st., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010 Brazil
| | - Marcus V Tres
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria, 1040 Sete de Setembro st., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010 Brazil
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18
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Gaviña D, Escolano M, Torres J, Alzuet‐Piña G, Sánchez‐Roselló M, Pozo C. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation Reactions of Pyrroles. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gaviña
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Valencia E-46100 Burjassot Spain
| | - Marcos Escolano
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Valencia E-46100 Burjassot Spain
| | - Javier Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Valencia E-46100 Burjassot Spain
| | - Gloria Alzuet‐Piña
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Valencia E-46100 Burjassot Spain
| | | | - Carlos Pozo
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Valencia E-46100 Burjassot Spain
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19
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Yang L, Zhang Y, Deng J, Ma A, Zhang X, Zhang S, Peng J. Oxidative [3+2] Annulation of Pyridinium Salts with
gem
‐Difluoroalkenes: Synthesis of 2‐Fluoroindolizines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li–Miao Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020 P. R. China
| | - You‐Ya Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020 P. R. China
| | - Jing‐Tong Deng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020 P. R. China
| | - Ai‐Jun Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020 P. R. China
| | - Xiang‐Zhi Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020 P. R. China
| | - Shu‐Yu Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020 P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineer of Chiral Drugs & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Jin‐Bao Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences Wuyi University Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020 P. R. China
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20
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21
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Klychnikov MK, Pohl R, Císařová I, Jahn U. α,γ-Dioxygenated amides via tandem Brook rearrangement/radical oxygenation reactions and their application to syntheses of γ-lactams. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:688-704. [PMID: 33777244 PMCID: PMC7961876 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrrolidones are common heterocyclic fragments in various biologically active compounds. Here, a two-step radical-based approach to γ-lactams bearing three to four stereocenters starting from epoxides, N-allylic silylacetamides and TEMPO is reported. The sequence starts with a new tandem nucleophilic substitution/Brook rearrangement/single electron transfer-induced radical oxygenation furnishing orthogonally protected α,γ-dioxygenated N-allylamides with wide scope, mostly good yields, and partly good diastereo- and enantioselectivity for defined combinations of chiral epoxides and chiral amides. This represents a very rare example of an oxidative geminal C-C/C-O difunctionalization next to carbonyl groups. The resulting dioxygenated allylic amides are subsequently subjected to persistent radical effect-based 5-exo-trig radical cyclization reactions providing functionalized pyrrolidones in high yields as diastereomeric mixtures. They converge to 3,4-trans-γ-lactams by base-mediated equilibration, which can be easily further diversified. Stereochemical models for both reaction types were developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail K Klychnikov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ullrich Jahn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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22
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Mao ZY, Wang C, Nie XD, Han XL, Dong HQ, Si CM, Wei BG. Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed intramolecular diastereoselective cyclization from tert-butoxycarbonyl to acyliminium ion. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.131959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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23
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Lewis WJM, Shaw DM, Robertson J. Synthesis of legonmycins A and B, C(7a)-hydroxylated bacterial pyrrolizidines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:334-342. [PMID: 33828615 PMCID: PMC7871033 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-flask, two-step procedure from 3-amino-2-methyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-1-one affords the Streptomyces secondary metabolites legonmycins A and B - three operations overall from methyl N-Boc-prolinate. The key step proceeds in each case via N,O-diacylation, then selective oxidative hydrolysis of the intermediate bicyclic pyrrole and establishes a precedent for the synthesis of related C(7a)-hydroxylated pyrrolizidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred J M Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - David M Shaw
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Europe) Ltd., 86–88 Jubilee Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RW, United Kingdom
- current address: MSD UK Discovery Centre, Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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24
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Escolano M, Torres Fernández J, Rabasa-Alcañiz F, Sánchez-Roselló M, Pozo CD. Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrrolizidinone Scaffolds through Multiple-Relay Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:9433-9438. [PMID: 33253590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A triple-tandem protocol for the synthesis of the pyrrolizidinone skeleton has been devised. It involves a cross metathesis-intramolecular aza-Michael reaction-intramolecular Michael addition tandem sequence, starting from N-pentenyl-4-oxo-2-alkenamides and conjugated ketones. In the presence of two cooperative catalysts, namely the second-generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst and (R)-TRIP-derived BINOL phosphoric acid, this multiple-relay catalytic process takes place in good yields and outstanding levels of diastero- and enantioselectivity with the simultaneous generation of three contiguous stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Escolano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Torres Fernández
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Rabasa-Alcañiz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pozo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot-Valencia, Spain
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25
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Li K, Li C. Enantioselective Synthesis of 3-Allylindolizines via Sequential Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation and Tschitschibabin Reaction. Org Lett 2020; 22:9456-9461. [PMID: 33263411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The first highly regio- and enantioselective synthesis of 3-allylindolizines has been developed by the sequential Rh-catalyzed asymmetric allylation and Tschitschibabin reaction. Above the 20:1 branch/linear ratio, up to a 96% yield and 99% ee could be obtained with the help of tert-butyl-substituted chiral bisoxazolinephosphine ligand. In situ generated highly nucleophilic 2-alkylpyridinium ylides are utilized to undergo the asymmetric alkylation reaction before cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Changkun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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26
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Florentino L, López L, Barroso R, Cabal M, Valdés C. Synthesis of Pyrrolidines by a Csp
3
‐Csp
3
/Csp
3
‐
N
Transition‐Metal‐Free Domino Reaction of Boronic Acids with γ‐Azido‐
N
‐Tosylhydrazones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1273-1280. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Florentino
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Lucía López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Raquel Barroso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - María‐Paz Cabal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Carlos Valdés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
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27
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Florentino L, López L, Barroso R, Cabal M, Valdés C. Synthesis of Pyrrolidines by a Csp
3
‐Csp
3
/Csp
3
‐
N
Transition‐Metal‐Free Domino Reaction of Boronic Acids with γ‐Azido‐
N
‐Tosylhydrazones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Florentino
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Lucía López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Raquel Barroso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - María‐Paz Cabal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Carlos Valdés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Universidad de Oviedo C/ Julián Clavería 8 33006 Oviedo Spain
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28
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Mohammadkhani L, Heravi MM. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Quinazolines and Quinazolinones: An Overview. Front Chem 2020; 8:580086. [PMID: 33282829 PMCID: PMC7705381 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.580086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microwave irradiation (MWI), as a unique, effective, sustainable, more economic, and greener source of energy compared to conventional heating, is applied in different organic transformations to result in the rapid formation of desired compounds due to thermal/kinetic effects. In this review, we try to underscore the applications of microwave irradiation (MWI) in the synthesis of quinazoline and quinazolinone derivatives that have been achieved and reported on in the last two decades.
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29
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Jamshaid F, Kondakal VV, Newman CD, Dobson R, João H, Rice CR, Mwansa JM, Thapa B, Hemming K. Cyclopropenones in the synthesis of indolizidine, pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline and indolizino[8,7-b]indole alkaloids. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Vchislo NV, Verochkina EA. Recent Advances in Total Synthesis of Alkaloids from α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V. Vchislo
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of ChemistrySiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Favorsky Str., 1 Irkutsk 664033 Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Verochkina
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of ChemistrySiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Favorsky Str., 1 Irkutsk 664033 Russia
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31
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Liu R, Liu J, Cao J, Li R, Zhou R, Qiao Y, Gao WC. Chemo- and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Pyrrolidines from Aroylformates and δ-Tosylamino Enones via P(NMe2)3-Mediated Reductive Amination/Base-Catalyzed Michael Addition Cascade. Org Lett 2020; 22:6922-6926. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongfang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
| | - Jilei Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Chao Gao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, P.R. China
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32
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Indolizines are structural isomers with indoles. Although several indole-based commercial drugs are available in the market, none of the indolizine-based drugs are available up-to-date. Natural and synthetic indolizines have a wide-range of pharmaceutical importance such as antitumor, antimycobacterial, antagonist, and antiproliferative activities. This prompted us to search and collect all possible data about the pharmacological importance of indolizine to open an avenue to the researchers in exploring more medicinal applications of such biologically important compounds. AREAS COVERED The current review article covers the advancements in the biological and pharmacological activities of indolizine-based compounds during the last decade. The covered areas of this work involved anticancer, anti-HIV-1, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-tubercular, larvicidal, anti-schizophrenia, CRTh2 antagonist's activities in addition to enzymatic inhibitory activity. EXPERT OPINION The discovery of indolizine drugs will be a major breakthrough as compared with their widely available drug-containing indole isosteres. Major work collected here was focused on anticancer, anti-tubercular, anti-inflammatory, and enzymatic inhibitory activities. The SAR study of the reported biologically active indolizines is summarized throughout the review whenever highlighted to the rationale the behavior of inhibitory action. Several indolizines with certain functions provided great enhancement in the therapeutic activities comparing with reference drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal M Dawood
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University , Giza, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University , Giza, Egypt
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