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Al Beiruty H, Zhylinska SS, Kutateladze N, Cheong HKT, Ñíguez JA, Burlingham SJ, Marset X, Guillena G, Chinchilla R, Alonso DA, Nugent TC. Enantioselective Catalytic Aldol Reactions in the Presence of Knoevenagel Nucleophiles: A Chemoselective Switch Optimized in Deep Eutectic Solvents Using Mechanochemistry. Molecules 2023; 29:4. [PMID: 38202587 PMCID: PMC10779746 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the presence of different nucleophilic Knoevenagel competitors, cyclic and acyclic ketones have been shown to undergo highly chemoselective aldol reactions with aldehydes. In doing so, the substrate breadth for this emerging methodology has been significantly broadened. The method is also no longer beholden to proline-based catalyst templates, e.g., commercially available O-t-Bu-L-threonine is advantageous for acyclic ketones. The key insight was to exploit water-based mediums under conventional (in-water) and non-conventional (deep eutectic solvents) conditions. With few exceptions, high aldol-to-Knoevenagel chemoselectivity (>10:1) and good product profiles (yield, dr, and ee) were observed, but only in DESs (deep eutectic solvents) in conjunction with ball milling did short reaction times occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Al Beiruty
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Nino Kutateladze
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | | | - José A. Ñíguez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain (G.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Sarah J. Burlingham
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain (G.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Xavier Marset
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain (G.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Gabriela Guillena
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain (G.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Rafael Chinchilla
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain (G.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Diego A. Alonso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain (G.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Thomas C. Nugent
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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Burke AJ. Asymmetric organocatalysis in drug discovery and development for active pharmaceutical ingredients. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:37-46. [PMID: 36527181 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2160437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last 20 years, it has become clear that organocatalysis is the third pillar of catalysis. The low reactivity in the early days of organocatalysis has been overcome with the invention of more efficient catalysts, and by harnessing enabling technologies like continuous-flow chemistry and photo-redox catalysis. AREAS COVERED The main focus of this review is on the development over the last 10-15 years of key APIs using asymmetric organocatalysis. Due to significant engineering advances, and also due to the need for continuous manufacturing, flow and photo-redox approaches are becoming more widespread. EXPERT OPINION Over the last 20 years, organocatalysis has been used on various occasions for accessing chiral drugs. The great advantage of using these catalysts is that the final active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is metal-free. Also due to their inherent stability in air and water, they are very amenable to recovery via attachment to appropriate solid supports and also application in continuous flow systems. In recent years, more efficient organocatalysts have been developed, which includes the photoredox types, with much potential for chiral API synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Burke
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centro de Química de Coimbra, Institute of Molecular Science, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal.,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal.,Center for Neurosciences and Cellular Biology (CNC), Polo I, Universidade de Coimbra Rua Larga Faculdade de Medicina, Polo I, Coimbra, Portugal
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Horizons in Asymmetric Organocatalysis: En Route to the Sustainability and New Applications. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the development of new enantioselective processes is highly relevant in chemistry due to the relevance of chiral compounds in biomedicine (mainly drugs) and in other fields, such as agrochemistry, animal feed, and flavorings. Among them, organocatalytic methods have become an efficient and sustainable alternative since List and MacMillan pioneering contributions were published in 2000. These works established the term asymmetric organocatalysis to label this area of research, which has grown exponentially over the last two decades. Since then, the scientific community has attended to the discovery of a plethora of organic reactions and transformations carried out with excellent results in terms of both reactivity and enantioselectivity. Looking back to earlier times, we can find in the literature a few examples where small organic molecules and some natural products could act as effective catalysts. However, with the birth of this type of catalysis, new chemical architectures based on amines, thioureas, squaramides, cinchona alkaloids, quaternary ammonium salts, carbenes, guanidines and phosphoric acids, among many others, have been developed. These organocatalysts have provided a broad range of activation modes that allow privileged interactions between catalysts and substrates for the preparation of compounds with high added value in an enantioselective way. Here, we briefly cover the history of this chemistry, from our point of view, including our beginnings, how the field has evolved during these years of research, and the road ahead.
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Antenucci A, Marra F, Dughera S. Silica gel-immobilised chiral 1,2-benzenedisulfonimide: a Brønsted acid heterogeneous catalyst for enantioselective multicomponent Passerini reaction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:26083-26092. [PMID: 35479468 PMCID: PMC9037113 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05297g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A chiral heterogeneous catalyst derivative of (−)-4,5-dimethyl-3,6-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,2-benzenedisulfonimide is proven here to be efficient in a three-component asymmetric Passerini protocol, carried out in a deep eutectic solvent. Reaction conditions are mild and green, while enantioselectivity is excellent. The catalyst was easily recovered and reused with no decrease in its catalytic activity. A chiral heterogeneous catalyst derivative of (−)-4,5-dimethyl-3,6-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,2-benzenedisulfonimide is proven here to be efficient in a three-component asymmetric Passerini protocol, carried out in a deep eutectic solvent.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Antenucci
- Dipartimnto di Chimica, Università di Torino C.so Massimo d'Azeglio 48 10125 Torino Italy.,NIS Interdepartmental Centre, Reference Centre for INSTM, Università di Torino via Gioacchino Quarello 15/A 10135 Torino Italy
| | - Francesco Marra
- Dipartimnto di Chimica, Università di Torino C.so Massimo d'Azeglio 48 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Stefano Dughera
- Dipartimnto di Chimica, Università di Torino C.so Massimo d'Azeglio 48 10125 Torino Italy
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Editorial for the Article Collection “Sustainable Solvents for Organic Chemistry”. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Alonso DA, Burlingham S, Chinchilla R, Guillena G, Ramón DJ, Tiecco M. Asymmetric Organocatalysis in Deep Eutectic Solvents. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Alonso
- Organic Chemistry Department and Organic Synthesis Institute Alicante University P.O. Box 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Sarah‐Jayne Burlingham
- Organic Chemistry Department and Organic Synthesis Institute Alicante University P.O. Box 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Rafael Chinchilla
- Organic Chemistry Department and Organic Synthesis Institute Alicante University P.O. Box 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Gabriela Guillena
- Organic Chemistry Department and Organic Synthesis Institute Alicante University P.O. Box 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Diego J. Ramón
- Organic Chemistry Department and Organic Synthesis Institute Alicante University P.O. Box 99 03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Matteo Tiecco
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology Università degli Studi di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06124 Perugia Italy
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