1
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Kamel RM, El-Sakka SS, Abbas MMA, Soliman MHA. Eco-friendly Fluorescent Sensor for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Zn 2+ and Fe 3+ Ions: Applications in Human Hair Samples. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03798-3. [PMID: 38958904 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A new eco-friendly sensor, 3-((6-((4-chlorobenzylidene)amino)pyridin-2-yl)imino)indolin-2-one (CBAPI) was synthesized and well characterized. The CBAPI sensor was employed for detecting Zn2+ and Fe3+ ions. It exhibited a low limit of detection at pH 6.0, with values of 2.90, for Zn2+ and 3.59 nmol L-1 for Fe3+ ions. The sensor demonstrated high selectivity over other interfering cations. Additionally, the high binding constants reflect the great affinity of sensor towards Zn2+ and Fe3+ ions. To further validate its quantification ability for Zn2+ ions, the synthesized CBAPI sensor was used to determine Zn levels in human hair samples, and the results were confirmed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The AGREE metric tool was used to assess the method's environmental impact and practical applicability. These positive outcomes indicated that the new method for detecting Zn2+ and Fe3+ ions is environmentally friendly and safe for humans. The developed CBAPI sensor represents a potential development in metal ion detection, combining sensitivity, selectivity, and rapidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, 43518, Egypt.
| | - Sahar S El-Sakka
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, 43518, Egypt
| | - Maram M A Abbas
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, 43518, Egypt
| | - M H A Soliman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, 43518, Egypt
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2
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Amer S, Joseph V, Oded BE, Marks V, Grynszpan F, Levine M. Shining light on fluoride detection: a comprehensive study exploring the potential of coumarin precursors as selective turn-on fluorescent chemosensors. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9410-9415. [PMID: 37982168 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01563g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report a fluoride chemosensor based on the use of a non-fluorescent pre-coumarin, compound 1. This compound undergoes selective fluoride-triggered formation of coumarin 2, with a concomitant turn-on fluorescence signal. Although compound 1 exists as a mixture of alkene isomers (2 : 1 in favor of the E isomer), only the minor Z-isomer undergoes cyclization. Nonetheless, comprehensive computational and experimental studies provide evidence that in situ isomerization of E-1 to Z-1, followed by fluoride-triggered phenolate evolution and intramolecular cyclization, facilitates the generation of coumarin 2 in high yield. Moreover, this system is an effective turn-on fluorescence sensor for fluoride anions, which displays outstanding selectivity (limited response to other commonly occurring analytes), sensitivity (lowest reported limits of detection for this sensor class), and practicality (works in solution and on paper to generate both fluorometric and colorimetric responses). Ongoing efforts are focused on expanding this paradigm to other pre-coumarin scaffolds, which also undergo analyte-specific coumarin formation accompanied by turn-on fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Amer
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 65 Ramat HaGolan Street, Ariel, 4077625, Israel.
| | - Vincent Joseph
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 65 Ramat HaGolan Street, Ariel, 4077625, Israel.
| | - Bat-El Oded
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 65 Ramat HaGolan Street, Ariel, 4077625, Israel.
| | - Vered Marks
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 65 Ramat HaGolan Street, Ariel, 4077625, Israel.
| | - Flavio Grynszpan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 65 Ramat HaGolan Street, Ariel, 4077625, Israel.
| | - Mindy Levine
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 65 Ramat HaGolan Street, Ariel, 4077625, Israel.
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3
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Hashemi SM, Moradi SE, Ahangar RM, Farmanzadeh D, Emami S. Synthesis, Sensing Performance and DFT Studies of a Novel Coumarin-based Schiff Base As a Turn-on Fluorescence Probe for Zinc Ion Detection. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03510-x. [PMID: 38041792 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03510-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of novel efficient fluorescent chemical sensors for the selective detection of ions is currently of significant importance in supramolecular chemistry. Since zinc is a ubiquitous, indispensable and the second most abundant metal ion in the human body, developing chemosensors that can accurately discriminate between Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions has been a challenge due to their similar properties as they are in the same group of the periodic table. Therefore, a technique to trace and visualize free zinc ions is demanded. In this study, an innovative coumarin-based Schiff base (L) was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. A novel "Turn On" fluorescence chemosensor platform was developed for trace amounts of Zn2+ ions. The fluorescence Job's plot measurement was used to determine the complexation ratio between the probe and Zn2+ ion, which showed a maximum point indicating the formation of a ML2 adduct. Additionally, the geometrical parameters calculated using DFT and TD-DFT calculations were in close agreement with the experimentally observed values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Mahdieh Hashemi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ershad Moradi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Roudabeh Mohsseni Ahangar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
| | - Davood Farmanzadeh
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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4
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Nigam KK, Tamrakar A, Pandey MD. L-Phenylalanine-derived pseudopeptidic bioinspired materials: Zn(II) induced fluorescence enhancement and precise tuning of self-assembled nanostructures. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:7266-7270. [PMID: 37740379 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00703k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The pseudopeptide, owing to its intriguing, sustainable, and easily accessible multifunctional properties, has attracted significant research interest over the years. C2-symmetric pseudopeptidic chiral bioinspired materials have been developed for their selective sensitivity to Zn(II) ions via a turn-on fluorescence under physiological conditions. Moreover, these are promising soft materials for precisely tuning their self-assembled nanostructures after incubating with Zn(II), opening avenues for exploring similar effects in various peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Kumar Nigam
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Arpna Tamrakar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Mrituanjay D Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
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5
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Wen J, Xia Y, Ding S, Liu Y. Theoretical investigation of the Zn 2+ detection mechanism based on the quinoline derivative of the Schiff-base receptor. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 287:122123. [PMID: 36423505 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The sensing mechanism of the quinoline-derived Schiff base HL (concentrated from 8-hydroxyquinoline with 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) as a highly selective fluorescent probe for Zn2+ was investigated by theoretical calculations with DFT and TDDFT. The conformations of the HL molecule, its ketone form and its Zinc complex structure, were optimized in the ground and excited states. The systems have been studied in depth in terms of structural parameters, frontier molecular orbitals, absorption and fluorescence spectra as well as potential energy curves analysis and approximately density gradient analysis. The present theoretical calculations propose a different detection mechanism from that proposed experimentally. The theoretical results predict that the fluorescence quenching in HL is attributed to the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) rather than the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) of benzene to electrons. When Zn2+ is introduced, Zn2+ takes the place of the H atom, creating a complex that blocks the ESIPT reaction and restores fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Wen
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yong Xia
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Sha Ding
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
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6
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Li Y, Song R, Zhao J, Liu Y, Zhao J. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of a novel Naphthalene-derived Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Zn2+. Polyhedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2023.116336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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7
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Paradoxical fluorescein-naphthalene Salamo-Salen-Salamo Zn(II) complex as a H2PO4−-targeted chemosensor and its application in water samples. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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8
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Yan L, Zhou C, Li J, Yang H, Wu X, Li L. A near-infrared Fluorescent Probe Based on Dicyanisophorone for the Detection of Zinc Ions (Zn 2+) in Water and Living Cells. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:201-207. [PMID: 36329238 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As one of the important metal ions, zinc ions (Zn2+) are widely involved in various physiological and pathological processes, and play fundamental roles in neurotransmission, cell metabolism and apoptosis. However, the convenient monitor of Zn2+ in environmental and biological samples remains challenging. In this study, a small molecule dicyanoisophorone-based schiff base incorporating with o-phenylenediamine was synthesized. It can rapidly combine with Zn2+ to emit significant near-infrared fluorescence (maximum emission wavelength: 660 nm), so it can be used as a probe to quantitatively detect Zn2+ in the range of 0-10 μM, with a detection limit as low as 4.8 nM, showing the probe has high sensitivity for Zn2+. And the probe has a fast response time to Zn2+ (less than 30 s) and a large Stoke-shift (179 nm). In addition, the high recovery rates in practical water samples, and the clear fluorescent images in living A549 cells were obtained, which are of great significance for the detection of Zn2+ in the environment and biosystem. Due to its simple operation, good selectivity and anti-interference ability, short detection time and high sensitivity, this probe has great application potential as a fast detection tool for Zn2+ in environmental water and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Yan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cuiping Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongzhi Wu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541006, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541006, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Xu H, Zhang S, Zhang C, Wang Y, Chen X. A new chromone functionalized isoqunoline derived chemosensor with fluorogenic switching effect for selective detection of Zn 2+ in real water samples and living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 282:121697. [PMID: 35985162 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a selective chemosensor, (E)-N'-((4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)isoquinoline-1-carbohydrazide (ENO), was rationally developed for colorimetric and fluorogenic detection of Zn2+ ions. It was readily synthesized from 4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde and isoquinoline-1-carbohydrazide via one-step Schiff reaction. ENO exhibited excellent fluorescent response performances toward Zn2+ over a wide pH range in EtOH/H2O media, including a distinguished color change from colorless to gold, a low limit of detection (LOD) value (34 nM), strong complexation ability (1.36 × 105 M-1) and rapid identification (2 min). The sensing mechanism of ENO toward Zn2+ was proposed on the basis of the chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) process, which was further supported by IR studies and the density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Moreover, ENO presented here demonstrated outstanding capability in monitoring trace level of Zn2+ ions in real water samples, living cells as well as the on-site assay kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, PR China.
| | - Shanzhu Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, PR China
| | - Chengfang Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, PR China
| | - Xingkuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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10
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Tian G, Han YZ, Yang Q. Phenanthroline-based ligand scaffold as an efficient colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescence probe for Zn2+ and Cd2+ ion detection. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Ahmad T, Abdel-Azeim S, Khan S, Ullah N. Turn-on fluorescent sensors for nanomolar detection of zinc ions: Synthesis, properties and DFT studies. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Three new turn-on fluorescent sensors for the selective detection of Zn2+: Synthesis, properties and DFT studies. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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13
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Yin Y, Liu G. Application of a novel hydroxyl functionalized fluorescent covalent organic framework for turn-off ultrasensitive Zn 2+ ion detection. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1988-1995. [PMID: 35532901 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00331g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this research, a novel hydroxyl functionalized covalent organic framework (COF) with fluorescence properties was rationally designed based on the reaction between 2,5-dihydroxy-terephthalic-dihydrazide (DHTPz) and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxaldehyde (Bt) for Zn2+ detection. The prepared DHTPz-Bt exhibited strong fluorescence, while the apparent quenching of fluorescence was observed after the introduction of Zn2+. Meanwhile, DHTPz-Bt exhibited high sensitivity and promising selectivity during the detection of Zn2+. Additionally, the recognition process was revealed to be attributed to the coordination between the hydroxyl groups on the phenyls of DHTPz-Bt and Zn2+ ions, as verified by using Fourier-transform infrared spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra. This work demonstrates the great potential of fluorescent probes by rationally introducing metal ligands, which will lead to a suite of new COF materials for metal ion sensing in a practical manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yin
- Key Lab of Smart Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Key Lab of Agriculture Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Lab of Smart Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Key Lab of Agriculture Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
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14
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Yan L, Yang H, Li J, Zhou C, Li L, Wu X, Lei C. A near infrared fluorescent probe for detection and bioimaging of zinc ions and hypochloric acid. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1206:339750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Goel A, Tomer N, Bhalla P, Malhotra R. Pyranone based probe for the selective and specific recognition of zinc ions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Xiang D, Zhang S, Wang Y, Sun K, Xu H. A novel naphthalimide-based “turn-on” fluorescent chemosensor for highly selective detection of Zn2+. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Cation sensing by a novel triazine-cored intermediate as a fluorescent chemosensor incorporating benzothiazole fluorophore. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Cao XY, Pang CM, Xiao Y, Xiao WQ, Luo SH, He JP, Wang ZY. Preparation of Large Conjugated Polybenzimidazole Fluorescent Materials and Their Application in Metal Ion Detection. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183091. [PMID: 34577993 PMCID: PMC8472194 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A new type of conjugated polybenzimidazole (CPBI) was synthesized through a simple polycondensation reaction without metal catalysis, and N-alkylation modification was carried out to solve the problems of solubility and fluorescence properties. A series of nano-microsphere polymers CPBIn with large conjugation, good solubility, and strong fluorescence has been successfully used as “turn-off” fluorescent probes for the first time. The results show that, under suitable N-alkylation conditions, the obtained CPBIn can be used as a highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for the detection of Cu2+ and Zn2+ at the same time, and their detection limits are both nM levels. In addition, CPBI2 can be designed as an ultra-sensitive IMPLICATION logic gate at the molecular level, cyclically detecting Cu2+. With the test paper containing CPBI2, easy and quick on-site detection can be achieved. This research provides a new idea for the brief synthesis of multifunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ying Cao
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.-Y.C.); (Y.X.); (W.-Q.X.); (J.-P.H.)
| | - Chu-Ming Pang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.-Y.C.); (Y.X.); (W.-Q.X.); (J.-P.H.)
- School of Health Medicine, Guangzhou Huashang College, Guangzhou 511300, China
- Correspondence: (C.-M.P.); (S.-H.L.); (Z.-Y.W)
| | - Ying Xiao
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.-Y.C.); (Y.X.); (W.-Q.X.); (J.-P.H.)
| | - Wan-Qing Xiao
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.-Y.C.); (Y.X.); (W.-Q.X.); (J.-P.H.)
| | - Shi-He Luo
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.-Y.C.); (Y.X.); (W.-Q.X.); (J.-P.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.-M.P.); (S.-H.L.); (Z.-Y.W)
| | - Jin-Ping He
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.-Y.C.); (Y.X.); (W.-Q.X.); (J.-P.H.)
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.-Y.C.); (Y.X.); (W.-Q.X.); (J.-P.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.-M.P.); (S.-H.L.); (Z.-Y.W)
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