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Liu W, Xing Y, Yan D, Kong W, Shen K. Nickel-catalyzed electrophiles-controlled enantioselective reductive arylative cyclization and enantiospecific reductive alkylative cyclization of 1,6-enynes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1787. [PMID: 38413585 PMCID: PMC10899222 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric cyclization of 1,6-enynes is a powerful tool for the construction of chiral nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Despite notable achievements, these transformations have been largely limited to the use of aryl or alkenyl metal reagents, and stereoselective or stereospecific alkylative cyclization of 1,6-enynes remains unexploited. Herein, we report Ni-catalyzed enantioselective reductive anti-arylative cyclization of 1,6-enynes with aryl iodides, providing enantioenriched six-membered carbo- and heterocycles in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities. Additionally, we have realized Ni-catalyzed enantiospecific reductive cis-alkylative cyclization of 1,6-enynes with alkyl bromides, furnishing chiral five-membered heterocycles with high regioselectivity and stereochemical fidelity. Mechanistic studies reveal that the arylative cyclization of 1,6-enynes is initiated by the oxidative addition of Ni(0) to aryl halides and the alkylative cyclization is triggered by the oxidative addition of Ni(0) to allylic acetates. The utility of this strategy is further demonstrated in the enantioselective synthesis of the antiepileptic drug Brivaracetam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yunxin Xing
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Denghong Yan
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Kun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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2
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Lu Y, Zhan R, Song B, Zhou Y, Zhu L, Chen H, Chen X. The optimized biocatalytic synthesis of (S)-methyl 2-chlorobutanoate by Acinetobacter sp. lipase. Chirality 2022; 34:1228-1238. [PMID: 35713364 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic disease caused by sudden abnormal discharge of brain neurons, leading to transient brain dysfunction. Levetiracetam, developed by the UCB company in Belgium, is an effective drug for the treatment of epilepsy. (S)-Methyl 2-chlorobutanoate is an important chiral building block of levetiracetam, which has attracted a great deal of attention. In this study, a strain of lipase-produced Acinetobacter sp. zjutfet-1 was screened from soil samples. At optimized conditions for fermentation and biocatalysis, the bacterial lipase exhibited high catalytic activity for hydrolysis and stereoselectivity toward racemic methyl 2-chlorobutanoate. When the enzymatic reaction was carried out in 6% of racemic substrate, the enantiomeric excess (e.e.s ) reached more than 95%, with a yield of over 86%. Therefore, this lipase can efficiently resolve racemic methyl 2-chlorobutanoate and obtain (S)-methyl 2-chlorobutanoate, which presents great potential in the industrial production of levetiracetam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuele Lu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhan
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beibei Song
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhou
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linjiang Zhu
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanchi Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Institute of Fermentation Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Zhong X, Hoque MA, Graaf MD, Harper KC, Wang F, Genders JD, Stahl SS. Scalable Flow Electrochemical Alcohol Oxidation: Maintaining High Stereochemical Fidelity in the Synthesis of Levetiracetam. Org Process Res Dev 2021; 25:2601-2607. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P. R. China
| | - Md Asmaul Hoque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew D. Graaf
- Process R&D, AbbVie, 1401 Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kaid C. Harper
- Process R&D, AbbVie, 1401 Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - J. David Genders
- Electrosynthesis Company, Inc., Lancaster, New York 14086-9779, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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5
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Structure-guided protein design of fluoroacetate dehalogenase for kinetic resolution of rac-2-bromobutyric acid. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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6
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Abstract
A comprehensive profile of levetiracetam is presented in this chapter which includes its description, formula, elemental analysis, appearance, uses and applications. Different earlier studies included for example methods of synthesis are described with its typical structural schemes. The profile also listed the drug's physical characteristics indicating its solubility, X-ray powder diffraction pattern, thermal methods of analysis as well as its spectroscopic characteristics. Different methods of analysis which includes compendial method of analysis, as well as reported method of analysis which include spectrophotometry, spectrofluorometry, electrochemical method, chromatographic method, and immunoassay method of analysis. The study was include drug stability, clinical pharmacology, e.g., mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic study. Around 70 references are recorded as a proof of this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Alrabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Abstract
Total synthesis of levetiracetam via a one-pot dehydration/rearrangement of (R,E)-hept-4-en-3-ol carbamate to the corresponding allylamine derivative is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Narczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Michał Mrozowicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Sebastian Stecko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
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Rafiee M, Konz ZM, Graaf MD, Koolman HF, Stahl SS. Electrochemical Oxidation of Alcohols and Aldehydes to Carboxylic Acids Catalyzed by 4-Acetamido-TEMPO: An Alternative to “Anelli” and “Pinnick” Oxidations. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafiee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zachary M. Konz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew D. Graaf
- Process R&D, AbbVie, 1401 Sheridan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Hannes F. Koolman
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Liniger M, Liu Y, Stoltz BM. Sequential Ruthenium Catalysis for Olefin Isomerization and Oxidation: Application to the Synthesis of Unusual Amino Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13944-13949. [PMID: 28918631 PMCID: PMC5628162 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
How can you use a ruthenium isomerization catalyst twice? A ruthenium-catalyzed sequence for the formal two-carbon scission of allyl groups to carboxylic acids has been developed. The reaction includes an initial isomerization step using commercially available ruthenium catalysts followed by in situ transformation of the complex to a metal-oxo species, which is capable of catalyzing subsequent oxidation reactions. The method enables enantioselective syntheses of challenging α-tri- and tetrasubstituted α-amino acids including an expedient total synthesis of the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Warren and Katherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brian M. Stoltz
- Warren and Katherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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da Silva TS, Campos SK, de Oliveira AR, Piovan L. An unexpected inversion of CAL-B enantiopreference based on substrate engineering of 2-bromoesters: Effect of (R)-1-phenylethyl moiety. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Vullo D, Supuran CT, Scozzafava A, De Simone G, Monti SM, Alterio V, Carta F. Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic investigations of substituted 2-thio-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine–benzenesulfonamides acting as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3643-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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12
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Huang J, Yan R, He JY, Wang P. Purification and Immobilization of a Novel Enantioselective Lipase from Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvents for Efficient Resolution of Ethyl 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl) Butyrate. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:609-622. [PMID: 27179518 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective lipase from Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvents E105 was purified via ultrasonic extraction, precipitation, and chromatographic steps. The enzyme was purified about 38-fold with the recovery yield of 9 % and was confirmed as a dimer protein consisting of two identical subunits with a molecular mass of 24 kDa. The purified lipase was used to catalyze resolution of racemic ethyl 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl) butyrate to (S)-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl) butyric acid. The maximum activity of such lipase was obtained at pH 7.5, 35 °C, and the highest relative activity (156.80 %) was observed in the presence of 0.5 mM Co2+. Subsequently, the lipase was encapsulated within a mixture of 3 % sodium alginate and 0.8 % carrageenan, and then cross-linked with 0.6 % glutaraldehyde to enhance its biocatalytic capability and stability. Comparing with 36.9 % product yield and 97.5 % product ee of free lipase, the highest product yield of 46.3 % and ee of 98.5 % for immobilized lipase were achieved with the presence of 20 mM substrate. In addition, the reusability of immobilized lipase was also investigated, which could maintain 63.7 % of its initial conversion yield after seven repeated batch reactions. Thus, the evaluated enantioselective lipase in this work has a good potential for further industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ren Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jun-Yao He
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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13
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Sola I, Aso E, Frattini D, López-González I, Espargaró A, Sabaté R, Di Pietro O, Luque FJ, Clos MV, Ferrer I, Muñoz-Torrero D. Novel Levetiracetam Derivatives That Are Effective against the Alzheimer-like Phenotype in Mice: Synthesis, in Vitro, ex Vivo, and in Vivo Efficacy Studies. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6018-32. [PMID: 26181606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a series of heptamethylene-linked levetiracetam-huprine and levetiracetam-(6-chloro)tacrine hybrids to hit amyloid, tau, and cholinergic pathologies as well as β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced epileptiform activity, some of the mechanisms that eventually lead to cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease patients. These hybrids are potent inhibitors of human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in vitro and moderately potent Aβ42 and tau antiaggregating agents in a simple E. coli model of amyloid aggregation. Ex vivo determination of the brain acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of these compounds after intraperitoneal injection to C57BL6J mice has demonstrated their ability to enter the brain. The levetiracetam-huprine hybrid 10 significantly reduced the incidence of epileptic seizures, cortical amyloid burden, and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice after a 4-week treatment with a 5 mg/kg dose. Moreover, the hybrid 10 rescued transgenic mice from cognitive deficits, thereby emerging as an interesting disease-modifying anti-Alzheimer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sola
- †Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Aso
- ‡Institut de Neuropatologia, Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,§CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Carlos III, Spain
| | - Daniela Frattini
- †Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene López-González
- ‡Institut de Neuropatologia, Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,§CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Carlos III, Spain
| | - Alba Espargaró
- ∥Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Sabaté
- ∥Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ornella Di Pietro
- †Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Javier Luque
- ⊥Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia (Campus Torribera), and IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - M Victòria Clos
- #Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica, i de Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- ‡Institut de Neuropatologia, Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.,§CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Carlos III, Spain
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- †Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Cai H, Mangner TJ, Muzik O, Wang MW, Chugani DC, Chugani HT. Radiosynthesis of (11)C-Levetiracetam: A Potential Marker for PET Imaging of SV2A Expression. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1152-5. [PMID: 25313330 DOI: 10.1021/ml500285t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The multistep preparation of (11)C-levetiracetam ((11)C-LEV) was carried out by a one-pot radiosynthesis with 8.3 ± 1.6% (n = 8) radiochemical yield in 50 ± 5.0 min. Briefly, the propionaldehyde was converted to propan-1-imine in situ as labeling precursor by incubation with ammonia. Without further separation, the imine was reacted with (11)C-HCN to form (11)C-aminonitrile. This crude was then reacted with 4-chlorobutyryl chloride and followed by hydrolysis to yield (11)C-LEV after purification by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both the radiochemical and enantiomeric purities of (11)C-LEV were >98%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancheng Cai
- PET
Center, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Thomas J. Mangner
- PET
Center, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Otto Muzik
- PET
Center, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | | | - Diane C. Chugani
- PET
Center, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Harry T. Chugani
- PET
Center, Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
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Yajima T, Aizawa Y, Nishida M, Sakaguchi Y, Shiraiwa T. Preparation of Optically Active 2-Aminobutanoic AcidviaOptical Resolution by Replacing Crystallization. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:1338-41. [PMID: 17485843 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An attempt was made to use a simple procedure to obtain (R)- and (S)-2-aminobutanoic acids [(R)- and (S)-1] which are non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acids and are useful as chiral reagents in asymmetric syntheses. Compound (RS)-1 p-toluenesulfonate [(RS)-2], which is known to exist as a conglomerate, was optically resolved by replacing crystallization with (R)- and (S)-methionine p-toluenesulfonate [(R)- and (S)-3] as optically active co-solutes. When (S)-3 was employed as the co-solute, (R)-2 was preferentially crystallized from a supersaturated solution of (RS)-2 in 1-propanol, as was (S)-2 in the presence of (R)-3. (R)- and (S)-2 recrystallized from 1-propanol were treated with triethylamine in methanol to give (R)- and (S)-1 in optically pure forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Yajima
- Unit of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and High Technology Research Center, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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16
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Inomata K, Endo Y. Synthesis of 2-Substituted 1,3-Cycloheptanedione via a Lewis Acid Mediated Ring Expansion Reaction. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-s(s)55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Identification of substituted 2-thio-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidines as inhibitors of human lactate dehydrogenase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3186-94. [PMID: 23628333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel 2-thio-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-containing inhibitor of human lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was identified by high-throughput screening (IC50=8.1 μM). Biochemical, surface plasmon resonance, and saturation transfer difference NMR experiments indicated that the compound specifically associated with human LDHA in a manner that required simultaneous binding of the NADH co-factor. Structural variation of the screening hit resulted in significant improvements in LDHA biochemical inhibition activity (best IC50=0.48 μM). A crystal structure of an optimized compound bound to human LDHA was obtained and explained many of the observed structure-activity relationships.
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18
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Enantioselective Synthesis of Antiepileptic Drug: (-)-Levetiracetam—Synthetic Applications of the Versatile New ChiralN-Sulfinimine. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/475032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an asymmetric synthesis of (-)-Levetiracetam (1) in six steps starting from versatile new chiralN-sulfinimine (3). The key step, stereoselective 1,2-addition of ethylmagnesium bromide (EtMgBr) to chiralN-sulfinimine derived from (R)-glyceraldehyde acetonide and (S)-t-BSA, gave the corresponding sulfonamide (2) in high diastereoselectivity. Simultaneous deprotection and deacetylation followed by NaIO4cleavage and reduction gaveβ-amino alcohol (6). Subsequent reactions yielded the targeted compound levetiracetam (1).
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19
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Enantioselective Synthesis of Antiepileptic Agent, (−)-Levetiracetam, through Evans Asymmetric Strategy. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/176512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A practical and efficient enantioselective synthesis of antiepileptic drug, (−)-Levetiracetam, has been described in five steps (33.0% overall yield) and high optical purity (99.0%ee), using Evans asymmetric strategy forα-alkylation of carbonyl functionality as the key step. The simplicity of the experimental procedures and high stereochemical outcome make this method synthetically attractive for preparing the target compound on multigram scales.
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Tsukamurella sp. E105 as a new biocatalyst for highly enantioselective hydrolysis of ethyl 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl) butyrate. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39:1261-8. [PMID: 22555937 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A new bacterial strain, E105, has been introduced as a biocatalyst for the enantioselective hydrolysis of ethyl (R,S)-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl) butyrate, (R,S)-1, to (S)-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl) butyric acid, (S)-2. This strain was isolated from 60 soil samples using (R,S)-1 as the sole carbon source. The isolate was identified as Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens E105, based on its morphological characteristics, physiological tests, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The process of cell growth and hydrolase production for this strain was then investigated. The hydrolase activity reached its maximum after cultivation at 200 rpm and 30 °C for 36 h. Furthermore, the performance of the enantioselective hydrolysis of (R,S)-1 was studied. The optimal reaction temperature, initial pH, substrate concentration, and concentration of suspended cells were 30 °C, 6.8, 10 and 30 g/l (DCW), respectively. Under these conditions, a high conversion (>45 %) of the product (S)-2 with an excellent enantiomeric excess (ee) (>99 %), and a satisfied enantiomeric ratio (E) (>600) as well were obtained. This study showed that the bacterial isolate T. tyrosinosolvens E105 displayed a high enantioselectivity towards the hydrolysis of racemic ethyl 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl) butyrate.
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22
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Brenna E, Gatti FG, Manfredi A, Monti D, Parmeggiani F. Enoate Reductase-Mediated Preparation of Methyl (S)-2-Bromobutanoate, a Useful Key Intermediate for the Synthesis of Chiral Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op200086t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Brenna
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco G. Gatti
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessia Manfredi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare - CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Parmeggiani
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
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Camps P, Galdeano C, Muñoz-Torrero D, Rull J, Calvet T, Font-Bardia M. Diastereoselective preparation of (S)-(1,4,4-trimethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)amine, a new chiral 1,2-diamine for thiourea-type organocatalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gibson S, Jacobs HK, Gopalan AS. Chiral oxazolidinones as electrophiles: Intramolecular cyclization reactions with carbanions and preparation of functionalized lactams. Tetrahedron Lett 2011; 52:887-890. [PMID: 21532910 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The intramolecular cyclizations of oxazolidinones with carbanions adjacent to sulfones, sulfoxides and phosphonates proceed in high yields to obtain functionalized γ and δ lactams. The chiral oxazolidinone precursors can be readily synthesized from commercial amino acids. The lactams from this study are useful synthetic intermediates, as demonstrated by the synthesis of a precursor for levetiracetam, an antiepileptic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gibson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001
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Camps P, Muñoz-Torrero D, Rull J, Mayoral JA, Calvet T, Font-Bardia M. Straightforward preparation of enantiopure 3-amino-4,4-dimethylpyrrolidin-2-one and its derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Dynamic resolution of α-halo carboxylic acid derivatives in asymmetric nucleophilic substitution using chiral auxiliaries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Camps P, Gómez T, Muñoz-Torrero D, Rull J, Sánchez L, Boschi F, Comes-Franchini M, Ricci A, Calvet T, Font-Bardia M, Clercq ED, Naesens L. Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of Novel N,O-Psiconucleosides Using (R)-N-Phenylpantolactam as a Resolution Agent. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6657-65. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800769m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pelayo Camps
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry “A. Mangini”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy, Serveis Científico-Tècnics, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Martí Franquès s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B
| | - Tània Gómez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry “A. Mangini”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy, Serveis Científico-Tècnics, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Martí Franquès s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry “A. Mangini”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy, Serveis Científico-Tècnics, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Martí Franquès s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B
| | - Jordi Rull
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry “A. Mangini”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy, Serveis Científico-Tècnics, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Martí Franquès s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B
| | - Laura Sánchez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry “A. Mangini”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy, Serveis Científico-Tècnics, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Martí Franquès s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B
| | - Francesca Boschi
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry “A. Mangini”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy, Serveis Científico-Tècnics, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Martí Franquès s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B
| | - Mauro Comes-Franchini
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry “A. Mangini”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy, Serveis Científico-Tècnics, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Martí Franquès s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B
| | - Alfredo Ricci
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry “A. Mangini”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy, Serveis Científico-Tècnics, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Martí Franquès s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B
| | - Teresa Calvet
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry “A. Mangini”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy, Serveis Científico-Tècnics, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Martí Franquès s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B
| | - Mercè Font-Bardia
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry “A. Mangini”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy, Serveis Científico-Tècnics, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Martí Franquès s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry “A. Mangini”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy, Serveis Científico-Tècnics, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Martí Franquès s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, Department of Organic Chemistry “A. Mangini”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy, Serveis Científico-Tècnics, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Martí Franquès s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, and Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B
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Camps P, Muñoz-Torrero D, Rull J, Font-Bardia M, Solans X. Enantiodivergent synthesis of 3-amino-4,4-dimethyl-1-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one and derivatives: amino analogues of pantolactone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Kotkar SP, Sudalai A. A short enantioselective synthesis of the antiepileptic agent, levetiracetam based on proline-catalyzed asymmetric α-aminooxylation. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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