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Korch KM, Hayes JC, Kim RS, Sampson J, Kelly AT, Watson DA. Selected Ion Monitoring Using Low-Cost Mass Spectrum Detectors Provides a Rapid, General, and Accurate Method for Enantiomeric Excess Determination in High-Throughput Experimentation. ACS Catal 2022; 12:6737-6745. [PMID: 36743967 PMCID: PMC9894240 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-Throughput Experimentation (HTE) workflows are efficient means of surveying a broad array of chiral catalysts in the development of catalytic asymmetric reactions. However, use of traditional HPLC-UV/vis methodology to determine enantiomeric excess (ee) from the resulting reactions is often hampered by co-elution of other reaction components, resulting in erroneous ee determination when crude samples are used, and ultimately requiring product isolation prior to ee analysis. In this study, using four published reactions selected as model systems, we demonstrate that the use of LC-MS, SFC-MS, and selected ion monitoring (SIM) mass chromatography provides a highly accurate means to determine ee of products in crude reaction samples using commonplace, low-cost MS detectors. By using ion selection, co-eluting signals can be deconvoluted to provide accurate integrations of the target analytes. We also show that this method is effective for samples lacking UV/vis chromophores, making it ideal for HTE workflows in asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina M. Korch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jacob C. Hayes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Raphael S. Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jessica Sampson
- High Throughput Experimentation Center, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States,Corresponding Authors Donald A. Watson – Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States, ; Jessica Sampson – High Throughput Experimentation Center, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States. ; Austin T. Kelly – High Throughput Experimentation Center, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States,
| | - Austin T. Kelly
- High Throughput Experimentation Center, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States,Corresponding Authors Donald A. Watson – Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States, ; Jessica Sampson – High Throughput Experimentation Center, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States. ; Austin T. Kelly – High Throughput Experimentation Center, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States,
| | - Donald A. Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States,Corresponding Authors Donald A. Watson – Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States, ; Jessica Sampson – High Throughput Experimentation Center, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States. ; Austin T. Kelly – High Throughput Experimentation Center, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States,
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Mügge C, Kourist R. Practical Considerations Regarding the Choice of the Best High-Throughput Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1685:189-208. [PMID: 29086310 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7366-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
All protein engineering studies include the stage of identifying and characterizing variants within a mutant library by employing a suitable assay or selection method. A large variety of different assay approaches for different enzymes have been developed in the last few decades, and the throughput performance of these assays vary considerably. Thus, the concept of a protein engineering study must be adapted to the available assay methods. This introductory review chapter describes different assay concepts on selected examples, including selection and screening approaches, detection of pH and cosubstrate changes, coupled enzyme assays, methods using surrogate substrates and selective derivatization. The given examples should guide and inspire the reader when choosing and developing own high-throughput screening approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Mügge
- Junior Research Group for Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert Kourist
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, TU Graz, Petersgasse 14, A8010, Graz, Austria.
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Mishra P, Kaur S, Sharma AN, Jolly RS. Characterization of an Indole-3-Acetamide Hydrolase from Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. parafaecalis and Its Application in Efficient Preparation of Both Enantiomers of Chiral Building Block 2,3-Dihydro-1,4-Benzodioxin-2-Carboxylic Acid. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159009. [PMID: 27391673 PMCID: PMC4938524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the enantiomers of 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-carboxylic acid are valuable chiral synthons for enantiospecific synthesis of therapeutic agents such as (S)-doxazosin mesylate, WB 4101, MKC 242, 2,3-dihydro-2-hydroxymethyl-1,4-benzodioxin, and N-[2,4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-carboxamide. Pharmaceutical applications require these enantiomers in optically pure form. However, currently available methods suffer from one drawback or other, such as low efficiency, uncommon and not so easily accessible chiral resolving agent and less than optimal enantiomeric purity. Our interest in finding a biocatalyst for efficient production of enantiomerically pure 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-carboxylic acid lead us to discover an amidase activity from Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. parafaecalis, which was able to kinetically resolve 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-carboxyamide with E value of >200. Thus, at about 50% conversion, (R)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-carboxylic acid was produced in >99% e.e. The remaining amide had (S)-configuration and 99% e.e. The amide and acid were easily separated by aqueous (alkaline)-organic two phase extraction method. The same amidase was able to catalyse, albeit at much lower rate the hydrolysis of (S)-amide to (S)-acid without loss of e.e. The amidase activity was identified as indole-3-acetamide hydrolase (IaaH). IaaH is known to catalyse conversion of indole-3-acetamide (IAM) to indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which is phytohormone of auxin class and is widespread among plants and bacteria that inhabit plant rhizosphere. IaaH exhibited high activity for 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-carboxamide, which was about 65% compared to its natural substrate, indole-3-acetamide. The natural substrate for IaaH indole-3-acetamide shared, at least in part a similar bicyclic structure with 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-carboxamide, which may account for high activity of enzyme towards this un-natural substrate. To the best of our knowledge this is the first application of IaaH in production of industrially important molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Mishra
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39, Chandigarh, India
| | - Suneet Kaur
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amar Nath Sharma
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravinder S. Jolly
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39, Chandigarh, India
- * E-mail:
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Smith ME, Fibinger MPC, Bornscheuer UT, Masterson DS. An Investigation of the Interaction of Co-Solvent with Substrates in the Pig Liver Esterase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Malonate Esters. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen E. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Southern Mississippi; 118 College Drive 5043 Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
| | - Michael P. C. Fibinger
- Institute of Biochemistry; Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis; Greifswald University; Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry; Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis; Greifswald University; Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Douglas S. Masterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Southern Mississippi; 118 College Drive 5043 Hattiesburg MS 39406 USA
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Smith ME, Knolls SA, Thompson M, Masterson DS. An ESI-MS method to determine yield and enantioselectivity in a single assay. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:397-403. [PMID: 25510928 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-1041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A mass spectrometry assay is presented here that allows for the simultaneous determination of yield and enantioselectivity in a single analysis. The assay makes use of molecules that are structurally similar to the analytes of interest as standards. The assay predicts the yields of the reactions reasonably well and with little error. For example, in the pig liver esterase catalyzed hydrolysis of one prochiral malonate, the yield predicted by the assay was 72%, while larger scale isolated reaction yields were within 5% of this value. This assay provides a fast method to determine yield and enantioselectivity in one analysis. The strengths and limitations of this method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen E Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
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Miller SM, Samame RA, Rychnovsky SD. Nanomole-Scale Assignment of Configuration for Primary Amines Using a Kinetic Resolution Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:20318-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ja310620c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, California
92697, United States
| | - Renzo A. Samame
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, California
92697, United States
| | - Scott D. Rychnovsky
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, California
92697, United States
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Smith ME, Banerjee S, Shi Y, Schmidt M, Bornscheuer UT, Masterson DS. Investigation of the Cosolvent Effect on Six Isoenzymes of PLE in the Enantioselective Hydrolysis of Selected α,α-Disubstituted Malonate Esters. ChemCatChem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201100490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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