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Recent Advances in Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyrrolidine-Based Organocatalysts and Their Application: A 15-Year Update. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052234. [PMID: 36903480 PMCID: PMC10005811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1971, chemists from Hoffmann-La Roche and Schering AG independently discovered a new asymmetric intramolecular aldol reaction catalyzed by the natural amino acid proline, a transformation now known as the Hajos-Parrish-Eder-Sauer-Wiechert reaction. These remarkable results remained forgotten until List and Barbas reported in 2000 that L-proline was also able to catalyze intermolecular aldol reactions with non-negligible enantioselectivities. In the same year, MacMillan reported on asymmetric Diels-Alder cycloadditions which were efficiently catalyzed by imidazolidinones deriving from natural amino acids. These two seminal reports marked the birth of modern asymmetric organocatalysis. A further important breakthrough in this field happened in 2005, when Jørgensen and Hayashi independently proposed the use of diarylprolinol silyl ethers for the asymmetric functionalization of aldehydes. During the last 20 years, asymmetric organocatalysis has emerged as a very powerful tool for the facile construction of complex molecular architectures. Along the way, a deeper knowledge of organocatalytic reaction mechanisms has been acquired, allowing for the fine-tuning of the structures of privileged catalysts or proposing completely new molecular entities that are able to efficiently catalyze these transformations. This review highlights the most recent advances in the asymmetric synthesis of organocatalysts deriving from or related to proline, starting from 2008.
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Krištofíková D, Modrocká V, Mečiarová M, Šebesta R. Green Asymmetric Organocatalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:2828-2858. [PMID: 32141177 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric organocatalysis is becoming one of the main tools for the synthesis of chiral compounds that are needed as medicines, crop protection agents, and other bioactive molecules. It can be effectively combined with various green chemistry methodologies. Intensification techniques, such as ball milling, flow, high pressure, or light, bring not only higher yields, faster reactions, and easier product isolation, but also new reactivities. More sustainable reaction media, such as ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, green solvent alternatives, and water, also considerably enhance the sustainability profile of many organocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Krištofíková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viktória Modrocká
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Mečiarová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Wang HW, Oriyama T. A Novel Proline-based Acridone Bifunctional Organocatalyst for the Asymmetric Michael Addition of Cyclohexanone. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.171220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Takeshi Oriyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
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Jacoby CG, Vontobel PHV, Bach MF, Schneider PH. Highly efficient organocatalysts for the asymmetric aldol reaction. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04424k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of bifunctional organocatalysts containing both thiazolidine/pyrrolidine and imidazole cycles was prepared via a readily available synthetic route.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. G. Jacoby
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
- 91501-970 Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | - P. H. V. Vontobel
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
- 91501-970 Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | - M. F. Bach
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
- 91501-970 Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | - P. H. Schneider
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
- 91501-970 Porto Alegre
- Brazil
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Mandal T, Kuo W, Su M, Bhowmick K, Zhao JCG. Prolinal dithioacetals: Highly efficient organocatalysts for the direct nitro-Michael additions in both organic and aqueous media. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nájera C, Miguel Sansano J, Gómez-Bengoa E. Heterocycle-based bifunctional organocatalysts in asymmetric synthesis. PURE APPL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDifferent chiral bifunctional organocatalysts derived from trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine bearing different types of guanidine units able to form-hydrogen bonding activation have been designed. Conformational rigid 2-aminobenzimidazoles bearing a tertiary amino group have been used in enantioselective Michael type reactions of activated methylene compounds to nitroalkenes. The C2 symmetric bis(2-aminobenzimidazole) derivatives the appropriate organocatalyst for the conjugate addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to maleimides as well as for the SN1 reaction of benzylic alcohols with carbon nucleophiles. 2-Aminobenzimidazoles bearing a primary amino group have shown excellent catalytic activity in the Michael reaction of aldehydes to maleimides and nitroalkenes. Diastereomeric 2-aminopyrimidines bearing a prolinamide unit have been incorporated in the trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine scaffold and have been used for the inter- and intra-molecular direct aldol reaction under solvent-free conditions. For the Michael reaction of aldehydes with maleimides the primary amine 2-aminopyrimidine has shown excellent efficiency as organocatalyst. The bifunctional character of these organocatalysts has been demonstrated by means of DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Nájera
- 1Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - José Miguel Sansano
- 1Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Bengoa
- 2Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo. 1072, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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Eyckens DJ, Brozinski HL, Delaney JP, Servinis L, Naghashian S, Henderson LC. Ion-Tagged Prolinamide Organocatalysts for the Direct Aldol Reaction On-Water. Catal Letters 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-015-1630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Guo W, Wei J, Liu Y, Li C. Construction of anti-1,2-diols bearing chiral tertiary alcohol moiety using free hydroxyacetone as aldol donor by imidazole-based prolineamide catalyst. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Albrecht L, Jiang H, Jørgensen KA. Hydrogen-bonding in aminocatalysis: from proline and beyond. Chemistry 2013; 20:358-68. [PMID: 24311406 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This Concept article summarizes recent progress in the field of hydrogen-bonding aminocatalysis using proline-derived systems. The aminocatalysts available in the literature are categorized by the incorporated hydrogen-bonding scaffold and its mode of recognition. Both mono- and double-hydrogen-bonding motifs are discussed and examples of their application in asymmetric synthesis are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz (Poland)
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da Silva RC, da Silva GP, Sangi DP, Pontes JGDM, Ferreira AG, Corrêa AG, Paixão MW. 1,1-Diamino-2-nitroethylenes as excellent hydrogen bond donor organocatalysts in the Michael addition of carbon-based nucleophiles to β-nitrostyrenes. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhao HW, Li HL, Yue YY, Sheng ZH. Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Michael Addition Reactions of Ketones and Aldehydes to Nitro Olefins Catalyzed byC2-Symmetric Axially-Unfixed Biaryl-Based Organocatalysts Derived from Enantiopure α-Proline. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gómez-Torres E, Alonso DA, Gómez-Bengoa E, Nájera C. Enantioselective Synthesis of Succinimides by Michael Addition of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds to Maleimides Catalyzed by a Chiral Bis(2-aminobenzimidazole) Organocatalyst. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yu H, Liu Q, Li Y, Ni C. Copper-catalyzed synthesis of 2-aminobenzimidazoles from carbonimidoyl dichlorides and amines. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Singh S, Chimni SS. Chiral amine catalyzed enantio- and diastereoselective Michael reaction in brine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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