β-Hydroxyamide derivatives of salicylic acid as organocatalysts for enantioselective reductions of prochiral ketones

Green Synthesis of 3-Substituted-4-arylmethylideneisoxazol-5(4H)-one Derivatives Catalyzed by Salicylic Acid

Background:

4-Arylmethylideneisoxazol-5(4H)-ones are a class of organic compounds with a variety of applications in the agriculture, filter dyes, photonic devices, and pharmaceutical industries. They are also used as synthetic precursors for the synthesis of other organic compounds. As a result, efforts are being made to search new and available catalyst and green methods toward their synthesis.

Objective:

The aim of this work is to investigate the catalytic activity of salicylic acid as an inexpensive, easy to handle, and safe catalyst to synthesis of some derivatives of isoxazole-5(4H)-ones in water medium.

Methods:

To aqueous solution of equal amounts of aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes, β-ketoesters, and hydroxylamine hydrochloride; salicylic acid (15 mol%) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for a specified periods. The precipitated product was filtered and washed with water to obtain 3-substituted-4-arylmethylideneisoxazol-5(4H)-ones. The reaction conditions were also optimized and extended to synthesis other isoxazol-5(4H)-ones.

Results:

The salicylic acid is found to possess acceptable catalytic activity for the promotion of three-component cyclocondensation of aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes, β-ketoesters, and hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The three-component reaction led to construction of 3-substituted-4-arylmethylideneisoxazol- 5(4H)-ones in good to high isolated reaction yields.

Conclusion:

The efficient and environmental friendliness procedure for the synthesis of isoxazol- 5(4H)-ones is introduced. The reaction also carried out smoothly in water as a cost-effective, simple, green, and non-toxic solvent at room temperature without using heating, microwave, and ultrasound sources.

Recent trends in organocatalyzed asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones

This review depicts the recent practices followed in organocatalyzed asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones, highlighting the main organocatalysts used for the past seven years.

The aminoindanol core as a key scaffold in bifunctional organocatalysts

The 1,2-aminoindanol scaffold has been found to be very efficient, enhancing the enantioselectivity when present in organocatalysts. This may be explained by its ability to induce a bifunctional activation of the substrates involved in the reaction. Thus, it is easy to find hydrogen-bonding organocatalysts ((thio)ureas, squaramides, quinolinium thioamide, etc.) in the literature containing this favored structural core. They have been successfully employed in reactions such as Friedel-Crafts alkylation, Michael addition, Diels-Alder and aza-Henry reactions. However, the 1,2-aminoindanol core incorporated into proline derivatives has been scarcely explored. Herein, the most representative and illustrative examples are compiled and this review will be mainly focused on the cases where the aminoindanol moiety confers bifunctionality to the organocatalysts.

Simple 1,3-diamines and their application as ligands in ruthenium(ii) catalysts for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aryl ketones

A new efficient synthesis of 1,3-diamines was realized and their ruthenium(ii) complexes were studied in ATH in aqueous media.