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Liu Q, Onishi K, Miyazawa Y, Wang Z, Hatano S, Abe M. Energetically More Stable Singlet Cyclopentane-1,3-diyl Diradical with π-Single Bonding Character than the Corresponding σ-Single Bonded Compound. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37967336 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-carbon σ-single bonds are crucial for constructing molecules like ethane derivatives (R3C-CR3), which are composed of tetrahedral four-coordinate carbons. Molecular functions, such as light absorption or emission, originate from the π-bonds existing in ethylene derivatives (R2C═CR2). In this study, a relatively stable cyclopentane-1,3-diyl species with π-single bonding system (C-π-C) with planar four-coordinate carbons is constructed. This diradicaloid is energetically more stable than the corresponding σ-single bonding system. The π-electron single bonding system provides deeper insights into the chemical bonding and the physical properties derived from the small energy gaps between the bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keita Onishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sayaka Hatano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Hiroshima, Japan
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Exploring the Excited-State Nonadiabatic Effects in the Semisaturated Planar Tetracoordinated Carbon Molecule C7H4. ATOMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms10010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We theoretically study the nonadiabatic relaxation dynamics of low-lying singlet excited-states of semisaturated planar tetracoordinated carbon molecule, C7H4. This molecule possesses a stable C2v ground-state equilibrium geometry. The three low-lying singlet states, S1, S2 and S3, lie in the energy gap of about 1.2 eV. The potential energy surfaces constructed within the quadratic vibronic coupling formalism reveal multiple conical intersections in the Franck-Condon region. Upon photoexcitation to S3, the wavepacket decays rapidly to lower states via these conical intersections. We also observe the wavepacket transfer to S3 during the initial wavepacket evolution on lower states, suggesting the nonadiabatic behavior of photoexcited planar C7H4.
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Krivdin LB. Computational NMR of charged systems. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2022; 60:8-79. [PMID: 34355823 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review covers NMR computational aspects of charged systems-carbocations, heterocations, and heteroanions, which were extensively studied in a number of laboratories worldwide, first of all, at the Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute in California directed for several decades by a distinguished scientist, the Nobel laureate George Andrew Olah. The first part of the review briefly outlines computational background of the modern theoretical methods applied to the calculation of chemical shifts and spin-spin coupling constants at the DFT and the non-empirical levels. The second part of the review deals with the historical results, advances, and perspectives of the computational NMR of classical carbocations like methyl cation, CH3+ , and protonated methane, CH5+ , together with their numerous homologs and derivatives. The third and the forth parts of this survey are focused on the NMR computational aspects of accordingly, heterocations and heteroanions, the organic and inorganic ions with a charge localized mainly on heteroatoms like boron, oxygen, nitrogen, and heavier elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid B Krivdin
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
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Wang Z, Yadav P, Abe M. Long-lived localised singlet diradicaloids with carbon-carbon π-single bonding (C-π-C). Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11301-11309. [PMID: 34633003 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04581d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Localised singlet cyclopentane-1,3-diyl diradicaloids have been considered promising candidates for constructing carbon-carbon π-single bonds (C-π-C). However, the high reactivity during formation of the σ-bond has limited a deeper investigation of its unique chemical properties. In this feature article, recent progress in kinetic stabilisation based on the "stretch effect" and the "solvent dynamic effect" induced by the macrocyclic system is summarised. Singlet diradicaloids S-DR4a/b and S-DR4d containing macrocyclic rings showed much longer lifetimes at 293 K (14 μs for S-DR4a and 156 μs for S-DR4b in benzene) compared to the parent singlet diradicaloid S-DR2 having no macrocyclic ring (209 ns in benzene). Furthermore, the dynamic solvent effect in viscous solvents was observed for the first time in intramolecular σ-bond formation, the lifetime of S-DR4d increased to 400 μs in the viscous solvent glycerin triacetin at 293 K. The experimental results proved the validity of the "stretch effect" and the "solvent dynamic effect" on the kinetic stabilisation of singlet cyclopentane-1,3-diyl diradicaloids, and provided a strategy for isolating the carbon-carbon π-single bonded species (C-π-C), and towards a deeper understanding of the nature of chemical bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Pinky Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
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Abstract
We have explored the chemical space of BAl4Mg−/0/+ for the first time and theoretically characterized several isomers with interesting bonding patterns. We have used chemical intuition and a cluster building method based on the tabu-search algorithm implemented in the Python program for aggregation and reaction (PyAR) to obtain the maximum number of possible stationary points. The global minimum geometries for the anion (1a) and cation (1c) contain a planar tetracoordinate boron (ptB) atom, whereas the global minimum geometry for the neutral (1n) exhibits a planar pentacoordinate boron (ppB) atom. The low-lying isomers of the anion (2a) and cation (3c) also contain a ppB atom. The low-lying isomer of the neutral (2n) exhibits a ptB atom. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations carried out at 298 K for 2000 fs suggest that all isomers are kinetically stable, except the cation 3c. Simulations carried out at low temperatures (100 and 200 K) for 2000 fs predict that even 3c is kinetically stable, which contains a ppB atom. Various bonding analyses (NBO, AdNDP, AIM, etc.) are carried out for these six different geometries of BAl4Mg−/0/+ to understand the bonding patterns. Based on these results, we conclude that ptB/ppB scenarios are prevalent in these systems. Compared to the carbon counter-part, CAl4Mg−, here the anion (BAl4Mg−) obeys the 18 valence electron rule, as B has one electron fewer than C. However, the neutral and cation species break the rule with 17 and 16 valence electrons, respectively. The electron affinity (EA) of BAl4Mg is slightly higher (2.15 eV) than the electron affinity of CAl4Mg (2.05 eV). Based on the EA value, it is believed that these molecules can be identified in the gas phase. All the ptB/ppB isomers exhibit π/σ double aromaticity. Energy decomposition analysis predicts that the interaction between BAl4−/0/+ and Mg is ionic in all these six systems.
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Stereomutation in Tetracoordinate Centers via Stabilization of Planar Tetracoordinated Systems. ATOMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms9040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for stabilizing planar forms of tetracoordinate carbon started five decades ago and intends to achieve interconversion between [R]- and [S]-stereoisomers without breaking covalent bonds. Several strategies are successful in making the planar tetracoordinate form a minimum on its potential energy surface. However, the first examples of systems where stereomutation is possible were reported only recently. In this study, the possibility of neutral and dications of simple hydrocarbons (cyclopentane, cyclopentene, spiropentane, and spiropentadiene) and their counterparts with the central carbon atom replaced by elements from groups 13, 14, and 15 are explored using ab initio MP2 calculations. The energy difference between the tetrahedral and planar forms decreases from row II to row III or IV substituents. Additionally, aromaticity involving the delocalization of the lone pair on the central atom appears to help in further stabilizing the planar form compared to the tetrahedral form, especially for the row II substituents. We identified 11 systems where the tetrahedral state is a minimum on the potential energy surface, and the planar form is a transition state corresponding to stereomutation. Interestingly, the planar structures of three systems were found to be minimum, and the corresponding tetrahedral states were transition states. The energy profiles corresponding to such transitions involving both planar and tetrahedral states without the breaking of covalent bonds were examined. The systems showcased in this study and research in this direction are expected to realize molecules that experimentally exhibit stereomutation.
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Thirumoorthy K, Karton A, Thimmakondu VS. From High-Energy C7H2 Isomers with A Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon Atom to An Experimentally Known Carbene. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9054-9064. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Thirumoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Venkatesan S. Thimmakondu
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, Goa 403 726, India
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Abe M, Akisaka R. Is π-Single Bonding (C–π–C) Possible? A Challenge in Organic Chemistry. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526
- Hiroshima Research Center for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (Hi-P-DDS), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526
| | - Rikuo Akisaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526
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Guo JC, Wu HX, Ren GM, Miao CQ, Li YX. D3hX3Li3+ (X=C, Si and Ge): Superalkali cations containing three planar tetracoordinate X atoms. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vogt-Geisse S, Wu JIC, Schleyer PVR, Schaefer HF. Bonding, aromaticity, and planar tetracoordinated carbon in Si2CH2 and Ge2CH2. J Mol Model 2015; 21:217. [PMID: 26232183 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vogt-Geisse
- Facultad de Química, Pontifícia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
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12
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Yang LM, Ganz E, Chen Z, Wang ZX, Schleyer PVR. Vier Jahrzehnte Chemie der planar hyperkoordinierten Verbindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Yang LM, Ganz E, Chen Z, Wang ZX, Schleyer PVR. Four Decades of the Chemistry of Planar Hypercoordinate Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9468-501. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nakagaki T, Sakai T, Mizuta T, Fujiwara Y, Abe M. Kinetic Stabilization and Reactivity of π Single-Bonded Species: Effect of the Alkoxy Group on the Lifetime of Singlet 2,2-Dialkoxy-1,3-diphenyloctahydropentalene-1,3-diyls. Chemistry 2013; 19:10395-404. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abe M, Ye J, Mishima M. The chemistry of localized singlet 1,3-diradicals (biradicals): from putative intermediates to persistent species and unusual molecules with a π-single bonded character. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:3808-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs00005a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mahadevi AS, Sastry GN. A Theoretical Study on Interaction of Cyclopentadienyl Ligand with Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals. J Phys Chem B 2010; 115:703-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jp109749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Subha Mahadevi
- Molecular Modeling Group, Organic Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 607, AP, India
| | - G. Narahari Sastry
- Molecular Modeling Group, Organic Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 607, AP, India
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Zhang C, Jia W, Cao Z. Stability Rules of Main-Group Element Compounds with Planar Tetracoordinate Carbons. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:7960-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp102678v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China, and Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenhong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China, and Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zexing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China, and Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Firme CL, Antunes OAC, Esteves PM, Corrêa RJ. Derivatives of Spiropentadiene Dication: New Species with Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon (ptC) atom. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3171-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp807400j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caio L. Firme
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, CT Bloco A, Sala 622, Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro, BR 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Octávio A. C. Antunes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, CT Bloco A, Sala 622, Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro, BR 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Pierre M. Esteves
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, CT Bloco A, Sala 622, Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro, BR 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo J. Corrêa
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Avenida Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, CT Bloco A, Sala 622, Cidade Universitária - Ilha do Fundão Rio de Janeiro, BR 21941-909, Brazil
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CSi2Ga2: a neutral planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) building block. J Mol Model 2008; 15:97-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-008-0362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Perez-Peralta N, Sanchez M, Martin-Polo J, Islas R, Vela A, Merino G. Planar Tetracoordinate Carbons in Cyclic Semisaturated Hydrocarbons. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7037-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800885x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Perez-Peralta
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto. México, and Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, A. P. 14-740, México, D.F. 07000, México
| | - Mario Sanchez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto. México, and Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, A. P. 14-740, México, D.F. 07000, México
| | - Jesus Martin-Polo
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto. México, and Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, A. P. 14-740, México, D.F. 07000, México
| | - Rafael Islas
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto. México, and Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, A. P. 14-740, México, D.F. 07000, México
| | - Alberto Vela
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto. México, and Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, A. P. 14-740, México, D.F. 07000, México
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto. México, and Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, A. P. 14-740, México, D.F. 07000, México
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Gribanova TN, Minyaev RM, Minkin VI. Theoretical design of planar systems with hypercoordinate p elements of the second period in a nonmetallic environment. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s107036320804035x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Firme CL, Barreiro NBP, Esteves PM, Corrêa RJ. Understanding the Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon Atom: Spiropentadiene Dication. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:686-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jp074895e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caio L. Firme
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, CT Bloco A, S. 622, Cidade Universitária-Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro BR 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Narciso B. P. Barreiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, CT Bloco A, S. 622, Cidade Universitária-Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro BR 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Pierre M. Esteves
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, CT Bloco A, S. 622, Cidade Universitária-Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro BR 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo J. Corrêa
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, CT Bloco A, S. 622, Cidade Universitária-Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro BR 21941-909, Brazil
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Yang LM, Ding YH, Sun CC. The Si-doped planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) unit CAl3Si− could be used as a building block or inorganic ligand during cluster-assembly. Theor Chem Acc 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-007-0389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wu YB, Yuan CX, Gao F, Lü HG, Guo JC, Li SD, Wang YK, Yang P. Hydrometal Complexes with More than One Planar and Quasi-Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon Atom: From Hydrogen-Surrounded Pieces to the Rudiment of Hydrogen-Sealed Nanotubes. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om070058n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Wu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, and Institute of Materials Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers' University, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Xia Yuan
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, and Institute of Materials Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers' University, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Gao
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, and Institute of Materials Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers' University, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Gang Lü
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, and Institute of Materials Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers' University, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Chang Guo
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, and Institute of Materials Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers' University, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Dian Li
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, and Institute of Materials Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers' University, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Kui Wang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, and Institute of Materials Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers' University, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin Yang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Education Ministry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, and Institute of Materials Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers' University, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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Yang LM, Ding YH, Tian WQ, Sun CC. Planar carbon radical’s assembly and stabilization, a way to design spin-based molecular materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:5304-14. [PMID: 17914465 DOI: 10.1039/b707898f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the first computational study on the assembly and stabilization of a novel kind of radical, i.e., the planar tetracoordinate carbon radical CAl(4)(-). Based on the 6-31+G(d)-UB3LYP, UMP2 and UCCSD(T) calculations on charged [D(CAl(4))M](q-), saturated [D(CAl(4))M(n)] and extended (CpM)(p)(CAl(4))(q) sandwich-like compounds (D = CAl(4)(-), Cp(-); M = Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca), we find that for the six metals, the planar radical CAl(4)(-) can only be assembled in the "hetero-decked sandwich" scheme (e.g. [CpM(CAl(4))](q-)) rather than the traditional "homo-decked sandwich" scheme. Moreover, the low and high spin states of the designed sandwich-like species are perfectly degenerate during assembly. This can be ascribed to the good spin conservation of the CAl(4)(-) deck and the good spatial separation between two CAl(4)(-) decks. Our results show for the first time that the planar radical CAl(4)(-) can act as a new type of spin-embedded "superatom" for cluster assembly when it is assisted by a rigid partner like Cp(-). The good spin-conservation of CAl(4)(-) is very promising for the future design of novel paramagnetic and diamagnetic materials. The ionic, clustering and radical interactions between the two decks are analyzed in detail, which is quite crucial to improve the insight and understanding of the nature and origin of the interactions of the "deck-core-deck" in the metallocenes. Such information is also important in understanding the radical reactions and designing novel spin-based molecular materials. The present study should be expected to enrich the flat carbon chemistry, radical chemistry, metallocene chemistry and combinatorial chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, People's Republic of China
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de Meijere A, Kozhushkov SI, Schill H. Three-Membered-Ring-Based Molecular Architectures. Chem Rev 2006; 106:4926-96. [PMID: 17165680 DOI: 10.1021/cr0505369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armin de Meijere
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhart Keese
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Merino G, Méndez-Rojas MA, Vela A, Heine T. Recent advances in planar tetracoordinate carbon chemistry. J Comput Chem 2006; 28:362-72. [PMID: 17143864 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We summarize our contributions on the quest of new planar tetracoordinate carbon entities (new carbon molecules with exotic chemical structures and strange bonding schemes). We give special emphasis on the rationalization why in this type of molecules the planar configuration is favored over the tetrahedral one. We will concentrate on the latter and will show that molecules containing planar tetracoordinate carbons have a stabilizing system of delocalized pi electrons, which shows similar properties as pi systems in aromatic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Merino
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Col. Noria Alta s/n, CP 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., México.
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Sateesh B, Srinivas Reddy A, Narahari Sastry G. Towards design of the smallest planar tetracoordinate carbon and boron systems. J Comput Chem 2006; 28:335-43. [PMID: 17103398 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of cyclic hydrocarbons analogs where a carbon displays unusual planar tetracoordinate structure is proposed, employing hybrid density functional theory calculations using B3LYP functional and 6-311+G** basis set. Various strategies were employed to design the neutral planar tetracoordinate hydrocarbon analogs. The same strategy is employed for designing the planar tetracoordinate boron systems. The simplest neutral planar tetracoordinate hydrocarbons were proposed and the effect of substitution on their stability has been assessed. The aromatic stabilization is gauged with nucleus independent chemical shift calculations. The activation barriers for the ring opening reaction, the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals gap and singlet-triplet energy difference were estimated to gauge the plausibility experimental realization.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sateesh
- Molecular Modeling Group, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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Planar Four-Coordinate Carbon in Star-Like Perlithioannulenes C n Li n (n = 3–6). RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11178-005-0337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Minyaev RM, Gribanova TN, Minkin VI, Starikov AG, Hoffmann R. Planar and Pyramidal Tetracoordinate Carbon in Organoboron Compounds. J Org Chem 2005; 70:6693-704. [PMID: 16095289 DOI: 10.1021/jo050651j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using previously proposed C(BH)2(CH)2 (16, 17) and C(CH)2B2 (22) systems with a central planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) atom linking two three-membered rings as building blocks, a series of stable structures containing two and three ptC centers within a molecule have been designed and computationally studied with the DFT (B3LYP/6-311+G) method. Inclusion of a carbon atom ligated with pi-accepting and sigma-donating boron centers into at least one aromatic ring is critical for stabilization of a planar structure. A square pyramidal configuration at tetracoordinate carbon may be achieved in appropriately strained molecules such as [3.3.3.3]tetraborafenestrane 45 and others by surrounding the carbon with boron-centered ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan M Minyaev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry at Rostov State University, Southern Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation.
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Esteves PM, Ferreira NBP, Corrêa RJ. Neutral Structures with a Planar Tetracoordinated Carbon Based on Spiropentadiene Analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:8680-5. [PMID: 15954773 DOI: 10.1021/ja042971a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neutral hydrocarbon structures containing a planar tetracoordinated carbon atom are proposed on the basis of quantum chemical calculations. The planarity at the central carbon atom is achieved by using aromaticity for stabilizing a positively charged core moiety that contains the planar atom. This charge is compensated by negatively charged cyclopentadienyl rings fused on the structure, leading to neutral structures. These are found to be stable from a dynamic point of view and are potentially synthesizable through carbene chemistry. These structures can lead to new breakthroughs in the chemical structure theory. A family of species derived from this model is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre M Esteves
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CT Bloco A, 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil.
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Perez N, Heine T, Barthel R, Seifert G, Vela A, Mendez-Rojas MA, Merino G. Planar Tetracoordinate Carbons in Cyclic Hydrocarbons. Org Lett 2005; 7:1509-12. [PMID: 15816739 DOI: 10.1021/ol050170m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] A series of cyclic hydrocarbons containing a planar tetracoordinate carbon atom is proposed. To rationalize the electronic factors contributing to the stability of these molecules, an analysis of the molecular orbitals and the induced magnetic field is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Perez
- Departamento de Química y Biología, Universidad de las Américas-Puebla, Ex-Hda. de Sta. Catarina Mártir, A. P. 100, Cholula 72820, Puebla, México
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Dinadayalane TC, Priyakumar UD, Sastry GN. Exploration of C6H6 Potential Energy Surface: A Computational Effort to Unravel the Relative Stabilities and Synthetic Feasibility of New Benzene Isomers. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0467696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Dinadayalane
- Molecular Modeling Group, Organic Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - U. Deva Priyakumar
- Molecular Modeling Group, Organic Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - G. Narahari Sastry
- Molecular Modeling Group, Organic Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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