Synthesis of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2-amino-5-methoxyphenyl)-porphyrin: a versatile building block for porphyrin face selection

Porphyrin Atropisomerism as a Molecular Engineering Tool in Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Recognition, Supramolecular Assembly, and Catalysis

Porphyrin atropisomerism, which arises from restricted σ-bond rotation between the macrocycle and a sufficiently bulky substituent, was identified in 1969 by Gottwald and Ullman in 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(o-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrins. Henceforth, an entirely new field has emerged utilizing this transformative tool. This review strives to explain the consequences of atropisomerism in porphyrins, the methods which have been developed for their separation and analysis and present the diverse array of applications. Porphyrins alone possess intriguing properties and a structure which can be easily decorated and molded for a specific function. Therefore, atropisomerism serves as a transformative tool, making it possible to obtain even a specific molecular shape. Atropisomerism has been thoroughly exploited in catalysis and molecular recognition yet presents both challenges and opportunities in medicinal chemistry.

Frontiers in the electrophilic nitration ofmeso-tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives

The electrophilic nitration of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives bearing electron-withdrawing groups onmeso-phenyl rings, contrary to the previous observations, takes place at the β-position.

Further synthetic and structural investigations of new pre-organized picket porphyrins

The straightforward synthesis of three new picket porphyrins with a restrained conformation is described. These porphyrins have an unusual behavior due to the conjugated but still flexible nature of their pickets. The crystal structure of their common precusor is also reported and confirms the presumed geometry of this type of picket. Indeed, the latter one is formally obtained by the conjugation of two aromatic rings through an amide bond. Although the specific shape of the picket is expected to overcrowd the center of the porphyrin, it is shown that different types of nucleophilic reagents can add easily on these pickets.

Atropisomers of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-dichloro-3-sulfamoyl-phenyl)porphyrins

The ratio, resolution and photophysical characterization of atropisomers of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-dichloro-3-N-butylsulfamoylphenyl)porphyrin, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-dichloro-3-(N-1-(L)-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-propyl-sulfamoyl)phenyl)porphyrin and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-dichloro-3-(N-1-(L)-methoxycarbonyl-3-methyl-butyl-sulfamoyl)phenyl)porphyrin are reported.