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Hatch CE, Chain WJ. Electrochemically Enabled Total Syntheses of Natural Products. ChemElectroChem 2023; 10:e202300140. [PMID: 38106361 PMCID: PMC10723087 DOI: 10.1002/celc.202300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical techniques have helped to enable the total synthesis of natural products since the pioneering work of Kolbe in the mid 1800's. The electrochemical toolset grows every day and these new possibilities change the way chemists look at and think about natural products. This review provides a perspective on total syntheses wherein electrochemical techniques enabled the carbon─carbon bond formations in the skeletal assembly of important natural products, discussion of mechanistic details, and representative examples of the bond formations enabled over the last several decades. These bond formations are often distinctly different from those possible with conventional chemistries and allow assemblies complementary to other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Hatch
- Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 E. 68 St., New York, NY, 10065 (United States)
| | - William J Chain
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 163 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716 (United States)
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2
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Huang Z, Huang J, Qu Y, Zhang W, Gong J, Yang Z. Total Syntheses of Crinipellins Enabled by Cobalt‐Mediated and Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Pauson–Khand Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yongzheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Weibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jianxian Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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3
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Huang Z, Huang J, Qu Y, Zhang W, Gong J, Yang Z. Total Syntheses of Crinipellins Enabled by Cobalt‐Mediated and Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Pauson–Khand Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8744-8748. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yongzheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Weibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jianxian Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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Marković D, Kolympadi M, Deguin B, Porée FH, Turks M. The isolation and synthesis of neodolastane diterpenoids. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:230-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This account summarises the progress in isolation, characterisation and synthesis of diterpenoids sharing a tricyclic neodolastane skeleton as well as their biogenetic origin and diverse biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Marković
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques
- U.M.R./C.N.R.S. 8638
- 75006 Paris
| | - Maria Kolympadi
- Department of Biotechnology
- University of Rijeka
- 51000 Rijeka
- Croatia
| | - Brigitte Deguin
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques
- U.M.R./C.N.R.S. 8638
- 75006 Paris
| | - François-Hugues Porée
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques
- U.M.R./C.N.R.S. 8638
- 75006 Paris
| | - Māris Turks
- Faculty of Material Science and Applied Chemistry
- Riga Technical University
- Riga LV-1007
- Latvia
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5
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Wang H, Houk KN. Torsional Control of Stereoselectivities in Electrophilic Additions and Cycloadditions to Alkenes. Chem Sci 2014; 5:10.1039/C3SC52538D. [PMID: 24409340 PMCID: PMC3882201 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52538d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Torsional effects control the π-facial stereoselectivities of a variety of synthetically important organic reactions. This review surveys theoretical calculations that have led to the understanding of the influence of the torsional effects on several types of stereoselective organic reactions, especially electrophilic additions and cycloadditions to alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
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Fang X, Tong X. Palladium-catalyzed cyclization of 1,6-enyne with 2-bromoarylaldehyde: domino sequence to [5-7-6] tricyclic ring systems. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wilson RM, Danishefsky SJ. Small molecule natural products in the discovery of therapeutic agents: the synthesis connection. J Org Chem 2007; 71:8329-51. [PMID: 17064003 DOI: 10.1021/jo0610053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have been a rich source of agents of value in medicine. They have also inspired, at various levels, the fashioning of nonnatural agents of pharmaceutical import. Hitherto, these nonnatural derivatives have been primarily synthesized by manipulating the natural product. As a consequence of major innovations in the subscience of synthetic methodology, the capacity of synthesis to deal with molecules of considerable complexity has increased dramatically. In this paper, we show by example some total syntheses which draw from strategy-enabling advances in methodology. Moreover, we show how these capabilities can be used to discover and develop new agents of potential pharmaceutical value without recourse to the natural product itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Wilson
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Li CC, Wang CH, Liang B, Zhang XH, Deng LJ, Liang S, Chen JH, Wu YD, Yang Z. Synthetic Study of 1,3-Butadiene-Based IMDA Approach to Construct a [5−7−6] Tricyclic Core and Its Application to the Total Synthesis of C8-epi-Guanacastepene O. J Org Chem 2006; 71:6892-7. [PMID: 16930042 DOI: 10.1021/jo060996h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) strategy for the construction of the [5-7-6] tricyclic core (18) of guanacastepenes has been developed from cis- and trans-1,3-butadiene-tethered 4-oxopent-2-ynoic acid ethyl esters 10 and 11. This method facilitates the synthesis of C8-epi-guanacastepene O (36) in a very efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang-Chuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), College of Chemistry, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Cheong PHY, Yun H, Danishefsky SJ, Houk KN. Torsional steering controls the stereoselectivity of epoxidation in the guanacastepene a synthesis. Org Lett 2006; 8:1513-6. [PMID: 16597098 PMCID: PMC3164362 DOI: 10.1021/ol052862g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The stereoselectivity of the key epoxidation step in the synthesis of guanacastepene A is shown to be controlled by torsional steering. In this particular epoxidation reaction, the transition structure energetic difference is enhanced by the great asynchronicity of the forming C-O bonds that intensifies the torsional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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10
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Mandal M, Yun H, Dudley GB, Lin S, Tan DS, Danishefsky SJ. Total synthesis of guanacastepene a: a route to enantiomeric control. J Org Chem 2006; 70:10619-37. [PMID: 16355979 DOI: 10.1021/jo051470k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The goal of the total synthesis of guanacastepene A served as a focus to bring together several chemical inquiries. One involved the synthesis of fused 5,7-hydrazulenones (see structure 20). Another issue had to do with the mechanistic intermediates in reductive cyclizations (see 17 to 18 and 19). The total synthesis required a mastery of an intramolecular Knoevenagel condensation of a beta,gamma-unsaturated ketone (see compound 41). Actually, cyclization was best accomplished when the terminal double bond of 41 was first converted to an epoxide. Further issues related to the stereochemistry at C5 and, rather surprisingly, the propensity for beta-face acetoxylation at C13. Crystallographic verification of the assigned beta-stereochemistry at C13 is provided. Finally, a route to optically active material is provided (see compound 20). A key element in this construction was an enantioselective addition of isopropenyl cuprate to 2-methylcyclopentenone (see compound 99).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihirbaran Mandal
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, Box 106, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Li CC, Liang S, Zhang XH, Xie ZX, Chen JH, Wu YD, Yang Z. Exploring an Expedient IMDA Reaction Approach to Construct the Guanacastepene Core. Org Lett 2005; 7:3709-12. [PMID: 16092856 DOI: 10.1021/ol051312f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Construction of the [5-7-6] tricyclic core of guanacastepenes was attempted by using the intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reaction and Me(3)Al-mediated ring opening of the oxabridge as key synthetic steps. The illustrated chemistry demonstrated a synthetic feasibility to build up the framework of guanacastepenes by the IMDA reaction. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang-Chuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Abstract
An asymmetric approach toward the [6-7-5] ring system of the guanacastepenes is described. [structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Chambers C Hughes
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Yun H, Danishefsky SJ. A protocol to accomplish ‘homo-Robinson’ annulation: application to the guanacastepene problem. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.03.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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