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Bao CC, Du HZ, Luo YL, Guan BT. Direct alkylation of N,N-dialkyl benzamides with methyl sulfides under transition metal-free conditions. Commun Chem 2021; 4:138. [PMID: 36697564 PMCID: PMC9814863 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Amides are a fundamental and widespread functional group, and are usually considered as poor electrophiles owing to resonance stabilization of the amide bond. Various approaches have been developed to address challenges in amide transformations. Nonetheless, most methods use activated amides, organometallic reagents or transition metal catalysts. Here, we report the direct alkylation of N,N-dialkyl benzamides with methyl sulfides promoted by the readily available base LDA (lithium diisopropylamide). This approach successfully achieves an efficient and selective synthesis of α-sulfenylated ketones without using transition-metal catalysts or organometallic reagents. Preliminary mechanism studies reveal that the deprotonative aroylation of methyl sulfides is promoted by the directed ortho-lithiation of the tertiary benzamide with LDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can-Can Bao
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Du
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Long Luo
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing-Tao Guan
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Enantioselective addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes catalyzed by 5-cis-substituted proline derivatives. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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3
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Abstract
Diverse structural types of natural products and their mimics have served as targets of opportunity in our laboratory to inspire the discovery and development of new methods and strategies to assemble polyfunctional and polycyclic molecular architectures. Furthermore, our efforts toward identifying novel compounds having useful biological properties led to the creation of new targets, many of which posed synthetic challenges that required the invention of new methodology. In this Perspective, selected examples of how we have exploited a diverse range of natural products and their mimics to create, explore, and solve a variety of problems in chemistry and biology will be discussed. The journey was not without its twists and turns, but the unexpected often led to new revelations and insights. Indeed, in our recent excursion into applications of synthetic organic chemistry to neuroscience, avoiding the more-traveled paths was richly rewarding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Martin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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4
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Pace V, Holzer W, Olofsson B. Increasing the Reactivity of Amides towards Organometallic Reagents: An Overview. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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5
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Trost BM, Miege F. Development of ProPhenol ligands for the diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of β-hydroxy-α-amino esters. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3016-9. [PMID: 24502188 PMCID: PMC3985890 DOI: 10.1021/ja4129394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A zinc-ProPhenol-catalyzed direct asymmetric aldol reaction between glycine Schiff bases and aldehydes is reported. The design and synthesis of new ProPhenol ligands bearing 2,5-trans-disubstituted pyrrolidines was essential for the success of this process. The transformation operates at room temperature and affords syn β-hydroxy-α-amino esters in high yields with good to excellent levels of diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305-5080, United States
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6
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Scharnagel D, Prause F, Kaldun J, Haase RG, Breuning M. (2S,5R)-2-Methylaminomethyl-1-methyl-5-phenylpyrrolidine, a chiral diamine ligand for copper(ii)-catalysed Henry reactions with superb enantiocontrol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6623-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02429j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Copper(ii)-complexes of a cis-2-aminomethyl-5-phenylpyrrolidine catalyse enantioselective Henry reactions with extraordinarily high stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Scharnagel
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Bayreuth
- 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Felix Prause
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Bayreuth
- 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johannes Kaldun
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Bayreuth
- 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Robert G. Haase
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Bayreuth
- 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Breuning
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- University of Bayreuth
- 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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7
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Li H, Bonderoff SA, Cheng B, Padwa A. Model Studies Directed toward the Alkaloid Mersicarpine Utilizing a Rh(II)-Catalyzed Insertion/Cycloaddition Sequence. J Org Chem 2013; 79:392-400. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4026622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Sara A. Bonderoff
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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8
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Claverie C, Ghinet A, Gautret P, Vuong CT, Rigo B. The revisited synthesis of tert-butyl pyroglutamate derivatives. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Martin SF. Strategies for the Synthesis of Alkaloids and Novel Nitrogen Heterocycles. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-408100-0.00003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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10
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Lee M, Lee YJ, Park E, Park Y, Ha MW, Hong S, Lee YJ, Kim TS, Kim MH, Park HG. Highly enantioselective synthesis of 5-phenyl-2-alkylprolines using phase-transfer catalytic alkylation. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2039-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27089k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Redford JE, McDonald RI, Rigsby ML, Wiensch JD, Stahl SS. Stereoselective synthesis of cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines via Wacker-type aerobic oxidative cyclization of alkenes with tert-butanesulfinamide nucleophiles. Org Lett 2012; 14:1242-5. [PMID: 22352383 DOI: 10.1021/ol3000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Palladium(II)-catalyzed aerobic oxidative cyclization of alkenes with tethered tert-butanesulfinamides furnishes enantiopure 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines, originating from readily available and easily diversified starting materials. These reactions are the first reported examples of metal-catalyzed addition of sulfinamide nucleophiles to alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Redford
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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12
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Lygo B, Beynon C, McLeod MC, Roy CE, Wade CE. Application of asymmetric phase-transfer catalysis in the enantioselective synthesis of cis-5-substituted proline esters. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Access to the nicotine system by application of a guanidine-catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition of diphenyliminoacetate with 3-pyridyl vinyl ketone. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Liu WJ, Ye JL, Huang PQ. A flexible approach for the asymmetric syntheses of hyacinthacines A2, A3 and structural confirmation of hyacinthacine A3. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2085-91. [DOI: 10.1039/b926741g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Martin SF. Recent Applications of Imines as Key Intermediates in the Synthesis of Alkaloids and Novel Nitrogen Heterocycles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 81:195-204. [PMID: 20046937 DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-08-07-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in contemporary synthetic organic chemistry is the design and development of new tactics and strategies and their application to concise and efficient syntheses of biologically active natural products. Strategies that utilize reactions that enable the rapid assembly of the skeletal framework of such targets are thus especially attractive. In this context, we have developed novel applications of imine chemistry in Mannich and related reactions, cascade processes, and multicomponent reactions to rapidly assemble structural subunits common to diverse families of alkaloids. The practical utility of these chemistries is evidenced by their use in the execution of facile total syntheses of (±)-epilupinine (1), (±)-tashiromine (2), (-)-epimyrtine (3), and (±)-roelactamine (4) as well as other nitrogen heterocycles of potential biological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA
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17
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Vaswani RG, Chamberlin AR. Stereocontrolled total synthesis of (--)-kaitocephalin. J Org Chem 2008; 73:1661-81. [PMID: 18225916 DOI: 10.1021/jo702329z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the successful implementation of a stereocontrolled strategy for the total chemical synthesis of the pyrrolidine-based alkaloid (--)-kaitocephalin. This scalable synthetic route profits from the strategic utilization of substrate-controlled manipulations for the iterative installation of the requisite stereogenic centers. The key transformations include a diastereoselective modified Claisen condensation, a chemo- and diastereoselective reduction of a beta-keto ester, and the substrate-directed hydrogenation of a dehydroamino ester derivative. During the course of our investigations, an interesting stereoconvergent cyclization reaction was discovered for the efficient assembly of the kaitocephalin 2,2,5-trisubstituted pyrrolidine core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi G Vaswani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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Wang PA, Xu ZS, Chen CF, Gao XG, Sun XL, Zhang SY. Facile synthetic route to enantiopure unsymmetriccis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines. Chirality 2007; 19:581-8. [PMID: 17508396 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The (+/-)-cis-5-arylcarbamoyl-2-ethoxycarbonylpyrrolidines 6a-g were firstly synthesized in 53-64% yields by using meso-diethyl-2,5-dibromoadipate 3 and (S)-(-)-1-phenylethylamine in three steps. The diastereomeric mixture (S;2S,5R)-(-)-7 and (S;2R,5S)-(+)-8 were prepared by the Grignard reaction and separated by a flash column chromatography in 29 and 52% yields. The absolute configurations of (+)-8 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis and the enantiopure pyrrolidines (2S,5R)-(-)-9/(2R,5S)-(+)-9 and (2S,5R)-(-)-10/(2R,5S)-(+)-10 were obtained in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-An Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Simila STM, Martin SF. Toward the total synthesis of FR901483: concise synthesis of the azatricyclic skeleton. J Org Chem 2007; 72:5342-9. [PMID: 17555359 PMCID: PMC2536713 DOI: 10.1021/jo070732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A concise synthesis of the azatricyclic core of FR901483 has been accomplished using a novel strategy that involves a nucleophilic addition to an N-acyl iminium ion, a ring-closing metathesis, a diastereoselective hydroboration, and a lactone-lactam rearrangement that worked well in a preliminary model study. Extension of this approach to the synthesis of a more highly functionalized intermediate that could be transformed into (-)-FR901483 first required the development of a new protecting group, the 1-ethylallyloxycarbamate group, for amines that may be removed under mild conditions. However, because the stereoselectivity in a key step in which a functionalized allyl zinc reagent was added to an intermediate hydroxy-substituted imine was low, this route to (-)-FR901483 is no longer being pursued.
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20
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Fuganti C, Gatti FG, Serra S. A general method for the synthesis of the most powerful naturally occurring Maillard flavors. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Regioselective opening of N-Cbz glutamic and aspartic anhydrides with carbon nucleophiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Simila ST, Reichelt A, Martin SF. Synthetic studies toward the immunosuppressant FR901483. Facile construction of the azatricyclic skeleton. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Moloney MG, Panchal T, Pike R. trans-2,5-Disubstituted pyrrolidines: rapid stereocontrolled access from sulfones. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:3894-7. [PMID: 17047867 DOI: 10.1039/b611583g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A direct and versatile route for the reliable synthesis of trans-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines from pyroglutamic acid is reported, which can be conducted at scale and without chromatographic purification of key intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Moloney
- The Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, The University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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24
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van Esseveldt BCJ, Vervoort PWH, van Delft FL, Rutjes FPJT. Novel Approach to 5-Substituted Proline Derivatives Using a Silver-Catalyzed Cyclization as the Key Step. J Org Chem 2005; 70:1791-5. [PMID: 15730303 DOI: 10.1021/jo0484023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthetic approach to the synthesis of enantiomerically pure 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolines is described. The methodology involves a Ag-catalyzed 5-endo-dig cyclization of enantiopure aryl-substituted acetylene-containing amino acids. It has also been shown that the obtained pyrrolines can be efficiently transformed into the corresponding saturated 5-aryl-substituted proline derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart C J van Esseveldt
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Toernooiveld 1, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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25
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Brenneman JB, Machauer R, Martin SF. Enantioselective synthesis of (+)-anatoxin-a via enyne metathesis. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Multicomponent condensation of N-diphenylphosphinoylimines, alkynes, zirconocene hydrochloride, and diiodomethane provides a rapid access to omega-unsaturated dicyclopropylmethylamines. These novel building blocks are converted into heterocyclic 5-azaspiro[2.4]heptanes, 5-azaspiro-[2.5]octanes, and 5-azaspiro[2.6]nonanes by means of selective ring-closing metathesis, epoxide opening, or reductive amination. The resulting functionalized pyrrolidines, piperidines, and azepines are scaffolds of considerable relevance for chemistry-driven drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemical Methodologies & Library Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
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