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Tyurin VS, Shkirdova AO, Koifman OI, Zamilatskov IA. Meso-Formyl, Vinyl, and Ethynyl Porphyrins-Multipotent Synthons for Obtaining a Diverse Array of Functional Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:5782. [PMID: 37570752 PMCID: PMC10421532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents a strategy for obtaining various functional derivatives of tetrapyrrole compounds based on transformations of unsaturated carbon-oxygen and carbon-carbon bonds of the substituents at the meso position (meso-formyl, vinyl, and ethynyl porphyrins). First, synthetic approaches to the preparation of these precursors are described. Then diverse pathways for the transformations of the multipotent synthons are discussed, revealing a variety of products of such reactions. The structures, electronic, and optical properties of the compounds obtained by the methods under consideration are analyzed. In addition, there is an overview of the applications of the products obtained. Biomedical use of the compounds is among the most important. Finally, the advantages of using the reviewed synthetic strategy to obtain dyes with targeted properties are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S. Tyurin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena O. Shkirdova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oscar I. Koifman
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia;
| | - Ilya A. Zamilatskov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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2
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Etsè KS, Dassonneville B, Zaragoza G, Demonceau A. One-pot, Pd/Cu-catalysed synthesis of alkynyl-substituted 3-ylidene-dihydrobenzo[d]isothiazole 1,1-dioxides. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Hiroto S, Miyake Y, Shinokubo H. Synthesis and Functionalization of Porphyrins through Organometallic Methodologies. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2910-3043. [PMID: 27709907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the postfunctionalization of porphyrins and related compounds through catalytic and stoichiometric organometallic methodologies. The employment of organometallic reactions has become common in porphyrin synthesis. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are now standard techniques for constructing carbon-carbon bonds in porphyrin synthesis. In addition, iridium- or palladium-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization of porphyrins is emerging as an efficient way to install various substituents onto porphyrins. Furthermore, the copper-mediated Huisgen cycloaddition reaction has become a frequent strategy to incorporate porphyrin units into functional molecules. The use of these organometallic techniques, along with the traditional porphyrin synthesis, now allows chemists to construct a wide range of highly elaborated and complex porphyrin architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hiroto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Dhokale B, Jadhav T, Mobin SM, Misra R. Meso enyne substituted BODIPYs: synthesis, structure and properties. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:15803-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00565e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of meso enyne substituted BODIPYs by the reaction of 8-chloro BODIPY with terminal alkynes under Sonogashira coupling conditions, and by Pd–Cu catalyzed hydroalkynylation reaction of terminal alkynes, across the –CC– bond of meso alkynylated BODIPYs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhausaheb Dhokale
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Indore 452 017
- India
| | - Thaksen Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Indore 452 017
- India
| | - Shaikh M. Mobin
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Indore 452 017
- India
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Indore 452 017
- India
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Liu Y, Jin S, Wang Z, Song L, Hu Y. Microwave Assisted Tandem Heck–Sonogashira Reactions of N,N-Di-Boc-Protected 6-Amino-5-iodo-2-methyl Pyrimidin-4-ol in An Efficient Approach to Functionalized Pyrido[2,3-d]Pyrimidines. Org Lett 2014; 16:3524-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501459e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shiyu Jin
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College
of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Linhua Song
- College
of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Youhong Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Okabe T, Kuzuhara D, Suzuki M, Aratani N, Yamada H. Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Porphycene–Diketopyrrolopyrrole Conjugates. Org Lett 2014; 16:3508-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5014608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Okabe
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Daiki Kuzuhara
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Suzuki
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- CREST, JST, Saitama 102-0076, Japan
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8
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Garai A, Nandy P, Sinha W, Purohit CS, Kar S. A new synthetic protocol for the preparation of 5-cyano-10,15,20-tris(alkoxyphenyl)porphyrins. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2013.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Yu Z, Ptaszek M. Multifunctional bacteriochlorins from selective palladium-coupling reactions. Org Lett 2012; 14:3708-11. [PMID: 22783931 DOI: 10.1021/ol3015545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nonsymmetrical, multifunctional bacteriochlorin derivatives possessing different substituents at the β-pyrrolic positions have been prepared by stepwise, selective functionalization of 3,13-dibromo-5-methoxybacteriochlorin via palladium-coupling reactions. The new derivatives reported here include monovalent bioconjugatable bacteriochlorin, orthogonally protected bacteriochlorin amino acid, and push-pull bacteriochlorins. Taken together, this study provides a route to previously unavailable bacteriochlorin architectures for fundamental studies and diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqian Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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McGlacken GP, Fairlamb IJS. Palladium‐Catalysed Cross‐Coupling and Related Processes: Some Interesting Observations That Have Been Exploited in Synthetic Chemistry. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard P. McGlacken
- Department of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, Fax: +353‐21‐4274097
| | - Ian J. S. Fairlamb
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, UK, Fax: +44‐1904‐433433
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Tsurumaki E, Inokuma Y, Easwaramoorthi S, Lim JM, Kim D, Osuka A. Peripheral hexabromination, hexaphenylation, and hexaethynylation of meso-aryl-substituted subporphyrins. Chemistry 2009; 15:237-47. [PMID: 19058269 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Effective peripheral fabrication methods of meso-aryl-substituted subporphyrins were explored for the first time. Hexabrominated subporphyrins 2 were prepared quantitatively from the bromination of subporphyrins 1 with bromine. Hexaphenylated subporphyrins 3 and hexaethynylated subporphyrins 4 and 5 were synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and Stille coupling, respectively, in good yields. X-ray crystal structures of 2 b, 3 b, 4 b, and 5 a revealed preservation of the bowl-shaped bent structures with bowl depths similar to that of 1. Hexaethynylated subporphyrins exhibit large two-photon-absorption cross-sections due to effective delocalization of the conjugated network to the ethynyl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Tsurumaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Shinokubo H, Osuka A. Marriage of porphyrin chemistry with metal-catalysed reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1011-21. [DOI: 10.1039/b817941g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ren T. Peripheral Covalent Modification of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds through C−C Bond Formation Reactions. Chem Rev 2008; 108:4185-207. [DOI: 10.1021/cr8002592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Baba H, Chen J, Shinokubo H, Osuka A. Efficient Rhodium-Catalyzed Installation of Unsaturated Ester Functions onto Porphyrins: Site-Specific Heck-Type Addition versus Conjugate Addition. Chemistry 2008; 14:4256-62. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Pal M, Dakarapu R, Parasuraman K, Subramanian V, Yeleswarapu KR. Regio- and Stereospecific Synthesis of Novel 3-Enynyl-Substituted Thioflavones/Flavones Using a Copper-Free Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction†. J Org Chem 2005; 70:7179-87. [PMID: 16122236 DOI: 10.1021/jo050828+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A variety of 3-enynyl substituted flavones/thioflavones were synthesized via a sequential one-pot procedure using copper-free palladium-catalyzed cross coupling in a simple synthetic operation. The cross coupling between 3-iodo(thio)flavone and a broad range of terminal alkynes was carried out in the presence of Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 and triethylamine to afford the corresponding 3-enynyl derivatives in a regio- and stereoselective fashion. The best results are obtained by employing 3 equiv of the terminal alkynes. The process worked well irrespective of the substituents present on the (thio)flavone ring as well as in the terminal alkynes except arylalkynes. The reaction is quite regioselective, placing the substituent of the terminal alkyne at the far end of the double bond attached with the (thio)flavone ring. The orientation of the (thio)flavonyl and acetylenic moieties across the double bond was found to be syn in the products isolated. A tandem C-C bond-forming reaction in the presence of palladium catalyst rationalized the formation of coupled product. The catalytic process apparently involves heteroarylpalladium formation, regioselective addition to the C-C triple bond of the terminal alkyne, and subsequent displacement of palladium by another mole of alkyne. The present methodology is useful for the introduction of an enynyl moiety at the C-3 position of flavones and thioflavone rings to afford novel compounds of potential biological interest. In the presence of CuI the process afforded 3-alkynyl (thio)flavones in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojit Pal
- Chemistry-Discovery Research, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500049, India.
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