1
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Kamikawa K. Asymmetric reactions involving aryne intermediates. Nat Rev Chem 2023:10.1038/s41570-023-00485-y. [PMID: 37117814 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Although arynes are usually considered fleeting intermediates, they are highly valuable synthons because they enable the introduction of aromatic rings and the simultaneous formation of new bonds at two sites. Although catalytic reactions using transition metals are excellent method for constructing complex polycyclic aromatic molecules in a single step, the use of asymmetric catalysis for the capture of arynes remains a crucial goal for the progress of aryne chemistry. Catalytic asymmetric reactions of arenes are challenging, requiring sufficient interactions between the neutral and highly reactive short-lived aryne intermediates in a stereo-controlled fashion. In addition, spontaneous decomposition, as well as side reactions, has hindered their development and, until recently, highly enantioselective reactions using arynes had remained elusive. This Review highlights asymmetric reactions using arynes, featuring diastereoselective, enantioselective and catalytic enantioselective reactions.
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2
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Abstract
AbstractIntermolecular aryne ene reactions present opportunities to arylate a wide range of unsaturated substrates in a single step, whilst intramolecular reactions provide expedient access to valuable benzofused carbo- and heterocyclic frameworks. This short review will chart the development of the aryne ene reaction from initial reports that rationalise unexpected byproduct formation in competing [4+2] and [2+2] cycloadditions through to its exploitation in contemporary synthetic methodology.1 Introduction2 Alkene Ene Reactions2.1 Intermolecular2.2 Intramolecular3 Alkyne Ene Reactions3.1 Intermolecular3.2 Intramolecular4 Allene Ene Reactions5 Aromatic Ene Reactions6 Hetero Ene Reactions6.1 Enols6.2 Enamines6.3 Imines7 Conclusions
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3
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Nasrollahzadeh M, Nezafat Z, Bidgoli NSS, Shafiei N. Use of tetrazoles in catalysis and energetic applications: Recent developments. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Le A, Lee D. Selectivity between an Alder–ene reaction and a [2 + 2] cycloaddition in the intramolecular reactions of allene-tethered arynes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00459j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Substituent-dependent reactivity and selectivity in the intramolecular reactions of arynes tethered with an allene are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Le
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
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5
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Nimnual P, Tummatorn J, Boekfa B, Thongsornkleeb C, Ruchirawat S, Piyachat P, Punjajom K. Construction of 5-Aminotetrazoles via in Situ Generation of Carbodiimidium Ions from Ketones Promoted by TMSN 3/TfOH. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5603-5613. [PMID: 30945854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthetic approach for the synthesis of 5-aminotetrazoles has been developed by employing simple ketones as substrates. This methodology involved the N2-extrusion/aryl migration of azido complexes as the key step for the in situ generation of carbodiimidium ion, which could further react with hydrazoic acid and cyclize intramolecularly to provide 5-aminotetrazoles in good to excellent yields. In addition, the regioselectivity of the reaction was studied and rationalized by density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phongprapan Nimnual
- Program on Chemical Biology , Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education , 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 , Laksi , Bangkok 10210 , Thailand
| | - Jumreang Tummatorn
- Program on Chemical Biology , Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education , 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 , Laksi , Bangkok 10210 , Thailand.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , Chulabhorn Research Institute , 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 , Laksi , Bangkok 10210 , Thailand
| | - Bundet Boekfa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science , Kasetsart University , Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Bangkok , Nakhon Pathom 73140 , Thailand
| | - Charnsak Thongsornkleeb
- Program on Chemical Biology , Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education , 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 , Laksi , Bangkok 10210 , Thailand.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , Chulabhorn Research Institute , 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 , Laksi , Bangkok 10210 , Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Program on Chemical Biology , Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education , 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 , Laksi , Bangkok 10210 , Thailand.,Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , Chulabhorn Research Institute , 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 , Laksi , Bangkok 10210 , Thailand
| | - Pawida Piyachat
- Program on Chemical Biology , Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education , 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 , Laksi , Bangkok 10210 , Thailand
| | - Kunlayanee Punjajom
- Program on Chemical Biology , Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education , 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 , Laksi , Bangkok 10210 , Thailand
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6
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Aly AA, Hassan AA, Mohamed NK, Ramadan M, Brown AB, Abd El-Aal AS, Bräse S, Nieger M. Regioselective formation of 1,2,4-triazoles by the reaction of amidrazones in the presence of diethyl azodicarboxylate and catalyzed by triethylamine. Mol Divers 2018; 23:195-203. [PMID: 30105556 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9868-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A general method for the synthesis of 1,3,5-trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles has been developed from reaction of amidrazones with ethyl azodicarboxylate and triethylamine (Mitsunobu reagent) in EtOH. This highly regioselective one-pot process provides rapid access to highly diverse triazoles. The reaction was explained, based on Mitsunobu reagent oxidizing ethanol to acetaldehyde, which would then react with amidrazones to give the substituted 3-methyltriazoles. A [2 + 3] cycloaddition reaction between two oxidized forms of amidrazones produced the second type of triazoles. X-ray structure analyses proved the structure of each type of product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A Aly
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt.
| | - Alaa A Hassan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Nasr K Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ramadan
- Organic Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar Branch of Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alan B Brown
- Chemistry Department, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Amal S Abd El-Aal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Xu H, He J, Shi J, Tan L, Qiu D, Luo X, Li Y. Domino Aryne Annulation via a Nucleophilic-Ene Process. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3555-3559. [PMID: 29421868 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Benzdiyne equivalents possess the unique property that they can react with two arynophiles through iteratively generated 1,2- and 2,3-aryne intermediates. Upon rational modification on the second leaving group of these aryne precursors, a domino aryne annulation approach was developed through a nucleophilic-ene reaction sequence. Various benzo-fused N-heterocyclic frameworks were achievable under transition metal-free conditions with a broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , 174 Shazheng Street , Chongqing 400030 , P. R. China
| | - Jia He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , 174 Shazheng Street , Chongqing 400030 , P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , 174 Shazheng Street , Chongqing 400030 , P. R. China
| | - Liang Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , 174 Shazheng Street , Chongqing 400030 , P. R. China
| | - Dachuan Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , 174 Shazheng Street , Chongqing 400030 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , 174 Shazheng Street , Chongqing 400030 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chongqing University , 174 Shazheng Street , Chongqing 400030 , P. R. China
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8
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Gupta S, Xie P, Xia Y, Lee D. Reactivity of arynes toward functionalized alkenes: intermolecular Alder-ene vs. addition reactions. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00470f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The selectivity between two different manifolds of reactions of arynes reacting with functionalized alkenes is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswata Gupta
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - Peipei Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou
- P.R. China
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
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9
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Gupta S, Xie P, Xia Y, Lee D. Reactivity and Selectivity in the Intermolecular Alder–Ene Reactions of Arynes with Functionalized Alkenes. Org Lett 2017; 19:5162-5165. [PMID: 28901155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saswata Gupta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor
Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Peipei Xie
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, P. R. China
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor
Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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10
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Trinchera P, Sun W, Smith JE, Palomas D, Crespo-Otero R, Jones CR. Intermolecular Aryne Ene Reaction of Hantzsch Esters: Stable Covalent Ene Adducts from a 1,4-Dihydropyridine Reaction. Org Lett 2017; 19:4644-4647. [PMID: 28817286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piera Trinchera
- School of Biological and
Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Weitao Sun
- School of Biological and
Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Jane E. Smith
- School of Biological and
Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - David Palomas
- School of Biological and
Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Rachel Crespo-Otero
- School of Biological and
Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Christopher R. Jones
- School of Biological and
Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
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11
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Jayasundera KP, Engels TGW, Lun DJ, Mungalpara MN, Plieger PG, Rowlands GJ. The synthesis of planar chiral pseudo-gem aminophosphine pre-ligands based on [2.2]paracyclophane. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:8975-8984. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02393f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized three pseudo-gem [2.2]paracyclophane-derived P,N-ligands and report preliminary activity studies for the amination of aryl bromides and chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim G. W. Engels
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
- Fontys University of Applied Science
| | - David J. Lun
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | | | - Paul G. Plieger
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
| | - Gareth J. Rowlands
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences
- Massey University
- Palmerston North
- New Zealand
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12
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Abstract
The synthesis of biaryls from benzyne intermediates offers an alternative strategy to conventional metal-catalyzed cross-coupling approaches.
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13
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Sarvary A, Maleki A. A review of syntheses of 1,5-disubstituted tetrazole derivatives. Mol Divers 2014; 19:189-212. [PMID: 25273563 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-014-9553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This report provides a brief overview of the various representative literature procedures for the synthesis of 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles (1,5-DSTs) and fused 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles with more than 120 references. Most of the published methods for the synthesis of 1,5-DSTs include the use of nitriles, amides, thioamides, imidoyl chlorides, heterocumulenes, isocyanates, isothiocyanates, carbodiimides, ketenimines, ketones, amines, and alkenes as the starting materials. The transformation of 1- and 5-substituted tetrazoles into 1,5-DSTs is also covered in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Sarvary
- Department of Science, Babol University of Technology, Babol, Iran
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14
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Karmakar R, Yun SY, Wang KP, Lee D. Regioselectivity in the nucleophile trapping of arynes: the electronic and steric effects of nucleophiles and substituents. Org Lett 2013; 16:6-9. [PMID: 24313272 DOI: 10.1021/ol403237z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The regioselectivity in nucleophile trapping is investigated with arynes generated directly from bis-1,3-diynes. The regioselectivity is profoundly influenced by not only the nature of nucleophiles but also the substituents on the arynes, which is the consequence of both the unfavorable steric interaction between the incoming nucleophile and the nearby substituent and the inherent electronic bias induced by different substituents on the arynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdip Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago , 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdip Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Phani Mamidipalli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Sang Young Yun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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16
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Candito DA, Dobrovolsky D, Lautens M. Development of an intramolecular aryne ene reaction and application to the formal synthesis of (±)-crinine. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:15572-80. [PMID: 22906167 DOI: 10.1021/ja306881u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A general and high yielding annulation strategy for the synthesis of various carbo- and heterocycles, based on an intramolecular aryne ene reaction is described. It was found that the geometry of the olefin is crucial to the success of the reaction, with exclusive migration of the trans-allylic-H taking place. Furthermore, the electronic nature of the aryne was found to be important to the success of the reaction. Deuterium labeling studies and DFT calculations provided insight into the reaction mechanism. The data suggests a concerted asynchronous transition state, resembling a nucleophilic attack on the aryne. This strategy was successfully applied to the formal synthesis of the ethanophenanthridine alkaloid (±)-crinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Candito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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17
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Pirali T, Zhang F, Miller AH, Head JL, McAusland D, Greaney MF. Transition-Metal-Free Direct Arylation of Anilines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Pirali T, Zhang F, Miller AH, Head JL, McAusland D, Greaney MF. Transition-Metal-Free Direct Arylation of Anilines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:1006-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Candito DA, Panteleev J, Lautens M. Intramolecular aryne-ene reaction: synthetic and mechanistic studies. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:14200-3. [PMID: 21854012 DOI: 10.1021/ja205405n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the chemistry of arynes is well developed, some challenges still remain. The ene reaction of arynes has not gained widespread use in synthesis as a result of poor yields and selectivity. A general, high yielding and selective intramolecular aryne-ene reaction is described providing various benzofused carbo- and heterocycles. Mechanistic data is presented, and a rationale for the resulting stereochemistry is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Candito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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21
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Aly AA, Ahmed EK, El-Mokadem KM. Oxidation of aroylthioureas during their reactions with 2,3-diphenylcyclopropenone resulting in (E/Z)-3-(aroylthioureido)-2-phenylcinnamic acids. J Sulphur Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/17415990701299476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Aly
- a Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, El-Minia University , El-Minia, Egypt
| | - E. K. Ahmed
- a Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, El-Minia University , El-Minia, Egypt
| | - K. M. El-Mokadem
- a Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science, El-Minia University , El-Minia, Egypt
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22
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Özkan H, Yavuz S, Dişli A, Yıldırır Y, Türker L. Synthesis of novel 5-aryl-1H-tetrazoles. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Koldobskii GI. Strategies and prospects in functionalization of tetrazoles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428006040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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