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Rygus JPG, Hall DG. Direct nucleophilic and electrophilic activation of alcohols using a unified boron-based organocatalyst scaffold. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2563. [PMID: 37142592 PMCID: PMC10160031 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organocatalytic strategies for the direct activation of hydroxy-containing compounds have paled in comparison to those applicable to carbonyl compounds. To this end, boronic acids have emerged as valuable catalysts for the functionalization of hydroxy groups in a mild and selective fashion. Distinct modes of activation in boronic acid-catalyzed transformations are often accomplished by vastly different catalytic species, complicating the design of broadly applicable catalyst classes. Herein, we report the use of benzoxazaborine as a general scaffold for the development of structurally related yet mechanistically divergent catalysts for the direct nucleophilic and electrophilic activation of alcohols under ambient conditions. The utility of these catalysts is demonstrated in the monophosphorylation of vicinal diols and the reductive deoxygenation of benzylic alcohols and ketones respectively. Mechanistic studies of both processes reveal the contrasting nature of key tetravalent boron intermediates in the two catalytic manifolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P G Rygus
- Department of Chemistry, Centennial Center for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Dennis G Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Centennial Center for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada.
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2
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Ouellette ET, Lougee MG, Bucknam AR, Endres PJ, Kim JY, Lynch EJ, Sisko EJ, Sculimbrene BR. Desymmetrization of Diols by Phosphorylation with a Titanium-BINOLate Catalyst. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7450-7459. [PMID: 33999638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The desymmetrization of ten prochiral diols by phosphoryl transfer with a titanium-BINOLate complex is discussed. The phosphorylation of nine 1,3-propane diols is achieved in yields of 50-98%. Enantiomeric ratios as high as 92:8 are achieved with diols containing a quaternary C-2 center incorporating a protected amine. The chiral ligand, base, solvent, and stoichiometry are evaluated along with a nonlinear effect study to support an active catalyst species that is oligomeric in chiral ligand. The use of pyrophosphates as the phosphorylating agent in the desymmetrization facilitates a user-friendly method for enantioselective phosphorylation with desirable protecting groups (benzyl, o-nitrobenzyl) on the phosphate product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik T Ouellette
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, 1 College Sreet, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, United States
| | - Marshall G Lougee
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, 1 College Sreet, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, United States
| | - Andrea R Bucknam
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, 1 College Sreet, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, United States
| | - Paul J Endres
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, 1 College Sreet, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, United States
| | - John Y Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, 1 College Sreet, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, United States
| | - Emma J Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, 1 College Sreet, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Sisko
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, 1 College Sreet, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, United States
| | - Bianca R Sculimbrene
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, 1 College Sreet, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, United States
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3
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Pohlit H, Worm M, Langhanki J, Berger-Nicoletti E, Opatz T, Frey H. Silver Oxide Mediated Monotosylation of Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG): Heterobifunctional PEG via Polymer Desymmetrization. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Pohlit
- Department
of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr.
1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School
Materials Science in Mainz, Staudinger
Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Worm
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Langhanki
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena Berger-Nicoletti
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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4
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Discovery of oxazole and triazole derivatives as potent and selective S1P(1) agonists through pharmacophore-guided design. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:1-15. [PMID: 25072873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have discovered a series of triazole/oxazole-containing 2-substituted 2-aminopropane-1,3-diol derivatives as potent and selective S1P1 agonists (prodrugs) based on pharmacophore-guided rational design. Most compounds showed high affinity and selectivity for S1P1 receptor. Compounds 19b, 19d and 19p displayed clear dose responsiveness in the lymphocyte reduction model when administered orally at doses of 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 mg/kg with reduced effect on heart rate. These three compounds were also identified to have favorable pharmacokinetic properties.
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Coppola KA, Testa JW, Allen EE, Sculimbrene BR. Selective phosphorylation of diols with a Lewis acid catalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Hikawa H, Hamada M, Yokoyama Y, Azumaya I. Benzoyl methyl phosphate as an efficient reagent for the selective monobenzoylation of N-Bz-FTY720. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02401j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel and efficient method for the selective monobenzoylation of N-Bz-FTY720 with benzoyl methyl phosphate (BMP) promoted by Zn(OAc)2 and Cs2CO3 was developed. Benzoyl methyl phosphate plays an important role as a biomimetic acylating agent for the monobenzoylation of 1,3-diols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Hikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Toho University
- Funabashi, Japan
| | - Maiko Hamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Toho University
- Funabashi, Japan
| | - Yuusaku Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Toho University
- Funabashi, Japan
| | - Isao Azumaya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Toho University
- Funabashi, Japan
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7
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Wang XJ, Qi JG, Li G, Tian YL, Yin DL. An efficient method for preparing the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist, KRP203-phosphate. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tian Y, Jin J, Wang X, Han W, Li G, Zhou W, Xiao Q, Qi J, Chen X, Yin D. Design, synthesis and docking-based 3D-QSAR study of novel 2-substituted 2-aminopropane-1,3-diols as potent and selective agonists of sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 (S1P1) receptor. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00079f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Liu KKC, Sakya SM, O’Donnell CJ, Flick AC, Ding HX. Synthetic approaches to the 2010 new drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:1155-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Strader CR, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Fingolimod (FTY720): a recently approved multiple sclerosis drug based on a fungal secondary metabolite. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:900-907. [PMID: 21456524 DOI: 10.1021/np2000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fingolimod (Gilenya; FTY720), a synthetic compound based on the fungal secondary metabolite myriocin (ISP-I), is a potent immunosuppressant that was approved (September 2010) by the U.S. FDA as a new treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). Fingolimod was synthesized by the research group of Tetsuro Fujita at Kyoto University in 1992 while investigating structure-activity relationships of derivatives of the fungal metabolite ISP-I, isolated from Isaria sinclairii. Fingolimod becomes active in vivo following phosphorylation by sphingosine kinase 2 to form fingolimod-phosphate, which binds to extracellular G protein-coupled receptors, sphingosine 1-phosphates, and prevents the release of lymphocytes from lymphoid tissue. Fingolimod is orally active, which is unique among current first-line MS therapies, and it has the potential to be used in the treatment of organ transplants and cancer. This review highlights the discovery and development of fingolimod, from an isolated lead natural product, through synthetic analogues, to an approved drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherilyn R Strader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402-6170, USA
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Lu X, Sun C, Valentine WJ, Shuyu E, Liu J, Tigyi G, Bittman R. Chiral vinylphosphonate and phosphonate analogues of the immunosuppressive agent FTY720. J Org Chem 2009; 74:3192-5. [PMID: 19296586 DOI: 10.1021/jo900023u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The first enantioselective synthesis of chiral isosteric phosphonate analogues of FTY720 is described. One of these analogues, FTY720-(E)-vinylphosphonate (S)-5, but not its R enantiomer, elicited a potent antiapoptotic effect in intestinal epithelial cells, suggesting that it exerts its action via the enantioselective activation of a receptor. (S)-5 failed to activate the sphingosine 1-phosphate type 1 (S1P(1)) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuequan Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of The City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367-1597, USA
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Adachi K, Chiba K. FTY720 Story. Its Discovery and the following Accelerated Development of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Agonists as Immunomodulators Based on Reverse Pharmacology. PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1177/1177391x0700100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fingolimod (FTY720) is the first of a novel class: sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator and is currently in phase 3 clinical trials for multiple sclerosis (MS). FTY720 was first synthesized in 1992 by chemical modification of an immunosuppressive natural product, ISP-I (myriocin). ISP-I was isolated from the culture broth of Isaria sinclairii, a type of vegetative wasp that was an ‘eternal youth’ nostrum in traditional Chinese medicine. ISP-I is an amino acid having three successive asymmetric centers and some functionalities. We simplified the structure drastically to find a nonchiral symmetric 2-substitued-2-aminopropane-1,3-diol framework for an in vivo immunosuppressive activity (inhibition of rat skin allograft rejection test or prolonging effect on rat skin allograft survival) and finally discovered FTY720. During the course of the lead optimization process, we encountered an unexpected dramatic change of the mechanism of action with an in vivo output unchanged. Since it proved that FTY720 did not inhibit serine palmitoyltransferase that is the target enzyme of ISP-I, reverse pharmacological approaches have been preformed to elucidate that FTY720 is mainly phosphorylated by sphingosine kinease 2 in vivo and the phosphorylated drug acts as a potent agonist of four of the five G protein coupled receptors for S1P: S1P1, S1P3, S1P4 and S1P5. Evidence has accumulated that immunomodulation by FTY720-P is based on agonism at the S1P1 receptor. Medicinal chemistry targeting S1P1 receptor agonists is currently in progress. The FTY720 story provides a methodology where in vivo screens rather than in vitro screens play important roles in the lead optimization. Unlike recent drug discovery methodologies, such a strategy as adopted by the FTY720 program would more likely meet serendipity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunitomo Adachi
- Chemistry Laboratory, Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 227-0033, Japan
| | - Kenji Chiba
- Research Laboratory III (Immunology), Pharmaceuticals Research Division, Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 227-0033, Japan
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