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Gunasekar R, Goodyear RL, Silvestri IP, Xiao J. Recent Developments in Enantio- and Diastereoselective Hydrogenation of N-Heteroaromatic Compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1794-1827. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02331d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective and diastereoselective hydrogenation of N-heteroaromatic compounds is an efficient strategy to access chirally enriched cyclic heterocycles, which often possess highly bio-active properties. This strategy, however, has only been...
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Mu BS, Cui XY, Zeng XP, Yu JS, Zhou J. Modular synthesis of chiral 1,2-dihydropyridines via Mannich/Wittig/cycloisomerization sequence that internally reuses waste. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2219. [PMID: 33833227 PMCID: PMC8032725 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
1,2-Dihydropyridines are valuable and reactive synthons, and particularly useful precursors to synthesize piperidines and pyridines that are among the most common structural components of pharmaceuticals. However, the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of structurally diverse 1,2-dihydropyridines is limited to enantioselective addition of nucleophiles to activated pyridines. Here, we report a modular organocatalytic Mannich/Wittig/cycloisomerization sequence as a flexible strategy to access chiral 1,2-dihydropyridines from N-Boc aldimines, aldehydes, and phosphoranes, using a chiral amine catalyst. The key step in this protocol, cycloisomerization of chiral N-Boc δ-amino α,β-unsaturated ketones recycles the waste to improve the yield. Specifically, recycling by-product water from imine formation to gradually release the true catalyst HCl via hydrolysis of SiCl4, whilst maintaining a low concentration of HCl to suppress side reactions, and reusing waste Ph3PO from the Wittig step to modulate the acidity of HCl. This approach allows facile access to enantioenriched 2-substituted, 2,3- or 2,6-cis-disubstituted, and 2,3,6-cis-trisubstituted piperidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Shuai Mu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Cui
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xing-Ping Zeng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Mu BS, Zhang ZH, Wu WB, Yu JS, Zhou J. Recent Advances in Synthesis of Chiral 1,2-Dihydropyridines. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a21040131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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5
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Escolano M, Guerola M, Torres J, Gaviña D, Alzuet-Piña G, Sánchez-Rosello M, del Pozo C. Organocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of 2,5,5-trisubstituted piperidines bearing a quaternary stereocenter. Vinyl sulfonamide as a new amine protecting group. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1425-1428. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09113k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An organocatalytic desymmetrizing IMAMR with vinyl sulfonamides as nitrogen nucleophiles has been devised with good levels of diastereo- and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Escolano
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Valencia
- Valencia
- Spain
| | - Marta Guerola
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Valencia
- Valencia
- Spain
| | - Javier Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Valencia
- Valencia
- Spain
| | - Daniel Gaviña
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Valencia
- Valencia
- Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos del Pozo
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Valencia
- Valencia
- Spain
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6
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Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Piperidines: Functionalization of Preexisting Ring Systems. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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7
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Beng TK, Takeuchi H, Weber M, Sarpong R. Stereocontrolled synthesis of vicinally functionalized piperidines by nucleophilic β-addition of alkyllithiums to α-aryl substituted piperidine enecarbamates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:7653-6. [PMID: 25845938 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01307k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Substituted piperidines are emerging as important medicinally-active structural motifs. Here, we report highly stereoselective carbolithiation reactions of α-aryl piperidine enecarbamates that offer direct access to vicinally-substituted piperidine compounds. We have also demonstrated that the carbanion intermediates can be trapped with a carbon electrophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K Beng
- Department of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, 514 University Avenue, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
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8
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Zhou Y, Wang J, Gu Z, Wang S, Zhu W, Aceña JL, Soloshonok VA, Izawa K, Liu H. Next Generation of Fluorine-Containing Pharmaceuticals, Compounds Currently in Phase II-III Clinical Trials of Major Pharmaceutical Companies: New Structural Trends and Therapeutic Areas. Chem Rev 2016; 116:422-518. [PMID: 26756377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1797] [Impact Index Per Article: 224.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhanni Gu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - José Luis Aceña
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Autónoma University of Madrid , Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Kunisuke Izawa
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan 533-0024
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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9
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Beng TK, Langevin S, Braunstein H, Khim M. Regiocontrolled synthesis of (hetero)aryl and alkenyl dehydropyrrolidines, dehydropiperidines and azepenes by Ru-catalyzed, heteroatom-directed α-C–H activation/cross-coupling of cyclic enamides with boronic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:830-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02263k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of α-aryl and alkenyl pyrrolidine-, piperidine-, and azepane derivatives by ruthenium-catalyzed, carbonyl-assisted, site-selective sp2 C–H activation of cyclic enamides and concomitant cross-coupling with boronic acids is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K. Beng
- Department of Chemistry
- Central Washington University
- Ellensburg
- USA
| | - Spencer Langevin
- Department of Chemistry
- Central Washington University
- Ellensburg
- USA
| | | | - Monique Khim
- Department of Chemistry
- Central Washington University
- Ellensburg
- USA
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Jackson KE, Mortimer CL, Odell B, McKenna JM, Claridge TDW, Paton RS, Hodgson DM. α- and α'-Lithiation-Electrophile Trapping of N-Thiopivaloyl and N-tert-Butoxythiocarbonyl α-Substituted Azetidines: Rationalization of the Regiodivergence Using NMR and Computation. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9838-46. [PMID: 26401908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
(1)H NMR and computational analyses provide insight into the regiodivergent (α- and α'-) lithiation-electrophile trapping of N-thiopivaloyl- and N-(tert-butoxythiocarbonyl)-α-alkylazetidines. The magnitudes of the rotation barriers in these azetidines indicate that rotamer interconversions do not occur at the temperature and on the time scale of the lithiations. The NMR and computational studies support the origin of regioselectivity as being thiocarbonyl-directed lithiation from the lowest energy amide-like rotameric forms (cis for N-thiopivaloyl and trans for N-tert-butoxythiocarbonyl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Claire L Mortimer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Barbara Odell
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Jeffrey M McKenna
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research , Wimblehurst Road, Horsham, West Sussex RH12 5AB, U.K
| | - Timothy D W Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Robert S Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - David M Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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11
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Lüthy M, Wheldon MC, Haji-Cheteh C, Atobe M, Bond PS, O’Brien P, Hubbard RE, Fairlamb IJ. Lead-oriented synthesis: Investigation of organolithium-mediated routes to 3-D scaffolds and 3-D shape analysis of a virtual lead-like library. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2680-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Beng TK, Fox N, Bassler DP, Alwali A, Sincavage K, Silaire AWV. Trapping of carbolithiation-derived tertiary benzylic α-lithio piperidines with carbon electrophiles: Controlling the formation of α-amino quaternary and vicinal stereocenters. Org Biomol Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01371b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interception of carbolithiation-derived tertiary benzylic α-lithio piperidines with carbon electrophiles has led to the diastereoselective synthesis of vicinally functionalized piperidines bearing α-amino quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan Fox
- Department of Chemistry
- Susquehanna University
- Selinsgrove
- USA
| | | | - Amir Alwali
- Department of Chemistry
- Susquehanna University
- Selinsgrove
- USA
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13
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Beng TK, Fox N. Diastereoselective synthesis of α,α,α′-trisubstituted pyrrolidines and piperidines by directed sequential lithiation/alkylation. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Cochrane EJ, Leonori D, Hassall LA, Coldham I. Synthesis and kinetic resolution of N-Boc-2-arylpiperidines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:9910-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04576a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An efficient kinetic resolution of 2-arylpiperidines was developed using a chiral base.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Iain Coldham
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield, UK
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15
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Xiao D, Wang C, Tsui HC, Palani A, Aslanian R, Buevich AV. Conformation of gem-disubstituted alkylarylpiperidines and their implication in design and synthesis of a conformationally-rigidified NK1 antagonist. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.08.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Yang XH, Xie JH, Liu WP, Zhou QL. Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of δ-Ketoesters: Highly Efficient Approach to Chiral 1,5-Diols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Yang XH, Xie JH, Liu WP, Zhou QL. Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of δ-Ketoesters: Highly Efficient Approach to Chiral 1,5-Diols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7833-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Advances in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Heteroaromatic Compounds. STEREOSELECTIVE FORMATION OF AMINES 2013; 343:145-90. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Beng TK, Woo JS, Gawley RE. Synthetic applications and inversion dynamics of configurationally stable 2-lithio-2-arylpyrrolidines and -piperidines. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:14764-71. [PMID: 22881214 PMCID: PMC3443602 DOI: 10.1021/ja306276w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In diethyl ether, N-Boc-2-lithio-2-arylpiperidines have been found to be configurationally stable at -80 °C, whereas N-Boc-2-lithio-2-arylpyrrolidines are configurationally stable at -60 °C. Several tertiary benzylic carbanions derived from enantioenriched 2-aryl heterocycles have been successfully alkylated or acylated with little to no loss of enantiopurity. The scope of the reactions has been explored. The enantiomerization dynamics of N-Boc-2-lithio-2-phenylpyrrolidine and N-Boc-2-lithio-2-phenylpiperidine have been studied in the presence of different solvents and achiral ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy K. Beng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Jin Sun Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Robert E. Gawley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
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Ye ZS, Chen MW, Chen QA, Shi L, Duan Y, Zhou YG. Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Pyridinium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Ye ZS, Chen MW, Chen QA, Shi L, Duan Y, Zhou YG. Iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of pyridinium salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10181-4. [PMID: 22969060 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Shi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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22
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Sheikh NS, Leonori D, Barker G, Firth JD, Campos KR, Meijer AJHM, O'Brien P, Coldham I. An experimental and in situ IR spectroscopic study of the lithiation-substitution of N-Boc-2-phenylpyrrolidine and -piperidine: controlling the formation of quaternary stereocenters. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5300-8. [PMID: 22339321 DOI: 10.1021/ja211398b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A general and enantioselective synthesis of 2-substituted 2-phenylpyrrolidines and -piperidines, an important class of pharmaceutically relevant compounds that contain a quaternary stereocenter, has been developed. The approach involves lithiation-substitution of enantioenriched N-Boc-2-phenylpyrrolidine or -piperidine (prepared by asymmetric Negishi arylation or catalytic asymmetric reduction, respectively). The combined use of synthetic experiments and in situ IR spectroscopic monitoring allowed optimum lithiation conditions to be identified: n-BuLi in THF at -50 °C for 5-30 min. Monitoring of the lithiation using in situ IR spectroscopy indicated that the rotation of the tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) group is slower in a 2-lithiated pyrrolidine than a 2-lithiated piperidine; low yields for the lithiation-substitution of N-Boc-2-phenylpyrrolidine at -78 °C can be ascribed to this slow rotation. For N-Boc-2-phenylpyrrolidine and -piperidine, the barriers to rotation of the Boc group were determined using density functional theory calculations and variable-temperature (1)H NMR spectroscopy. For the pyrrolidine, the half-life (t(1/2)) for rotation of the Boc group was found to be ∼10 h at -78 °C and ∼3.5 min at -50 °C. In contrast, for the piperidine, t(1/2) was determined to be ∼4 s at -78 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem S Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
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Voss T, Kehr G, Fröhlich R, Erker G. Unusual carbamate-directed CH-activation at an annulated ferrocenophane framework. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:6984-91. [PMID: 21643592 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01839b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The tetrahydroazepine-annulated [3]ferrocenophane carbamate (4) was synthesized by two different linear routes starting from the readily available α-dimethylamino[3]ferrocenophane-ortho-carbaldehyde rac-6. The carbamate directed lithiation of 4 resulted in a selective attack at a (Cp)C-H bond at the higher substituted "lower" [3]ferrocenophane Cp-ring to eventually yield the respective ester (18) after treatment with ClCO(2)Me.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Voss
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, D-48149, Münster, Germany
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Synthesis of Highly Enantioenriched C-Tertiary Amines From Boronic Esters: Application to the Synthesis of Igmesine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Bagutski V, Elford TG, Aggarwal VK. Synthesis of Highly Enantioenriched C-Tertiary Amines From Boronic Esters: Application to the Synthesis of Igmesine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:1080-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Xiao D, Wang C, Palani A, Tsui HC, Reichard G, Paliwal S, Shih NY, Aslanian R, Duffy R, Lachowicz J, Varty G, Morgan C, Liu F, Nomeir A. Discovery of a series of potent, orally active α,α-disubstituted piperidine NK1 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6313-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Coldham I, Leonori D, Beng TK, Gawley RE. The barrier to enantiomerization and dynamic resolution of N-Boc-2-lithiopiperidine and the effect of TMEDA. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:5239-41. [PMID: 19707632 DOI: 10.1039/b911024k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of enantiomerization and dynamic thermodynamic resolution (DTR) of N-Boc-2-lithiopiperidine have been measured, revealing significant differences in enthalpy and entropy for these processes and a role for the achiral ligand TMEDA; the racemization and the DTR are catalytic and first order in [TMEDA], and this has implications for asymmetric synthesis with chiral organolithiums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Coldham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UKS3 7HF.
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28
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Onomura O, S. Libendi S, Demizu Y, Matsumura Y. Ring Contraction of α,β-Unsaturated Cyclic Amines with cis-Dihydroxylation at the α,β-Position. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-s(f)18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Coldham I, Leonori D. Synthesis of 2-Arylpiperidines by Palladium Couplings of Aryl Bromides with Organozinc Species Derived from Deprotonation of N-Boc-Piperidine. Org Lett 2008; 10:3923-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol801579r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iain Coldham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
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30
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quart-Feproline: Synthesis of a Very Rigid [3]Ferrocenophane-Derived Artificial Amino Acid. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Libendi SS, Demizu Y, Matsumura Y, Onomura O. High regioselectivity in electrochemical α-methoxylation of N-protected cyclic amines. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Stead D, O'Brien P, Sanderson A. A New Sparteine Surrogate for Asymmetric Deprotonation of N-Boc Pyrrolidine. Org Lett 2008; 10:1409-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ol800109s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darren Stead
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly and Co. Ltd, Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly and Co. Ltd, Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Sanderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom, and Eli Lilly and Co. Ltd, Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manor, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham, Surrey, GU20 6PH, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Activation of sp(3) C-H bonds adjacent to nitrogen in heterocycles is an attractive transformation that is emerging as a practical method in organic synthesis. This tutorial review aims to summarize the key examples of direct functionalization of nitrogen-containing heterocycles via metal-mediated and metal-catalyzed processes, which is meant to serve as a foundation for future investigations into this rapidly developing area of research. The review covers functionalization of N-heterocycles via alpha-lithiation with alkyllithium/diamine complexes, alpha-amino radical formation, metal-catalyzed direct C-H activation, C-H oxidations and oxidative couplings, and metal-catalyzed carbene insertions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Campos
- Department of Process Research, Merck & Co., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Xiao D, Wang C, Palani A, Reichard G, Aslanian R, Shih NY, Buevich A. Two complementary, diversity-driven asymmetric syntheses of a 2,2-disubstituted piperidine NK1 antagonist. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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