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Straub H, Ryabchuk P, Rubina M, Rubin M. Preparation of Chiral Enantioenriched Densely Substituted Cyclopropyl Azoles, Amines, and Ethers via Formal SN2′ Substitution of Bromocylopropanes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207069. [PMID: 36296663 PMCID: PMC9609026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enantiomerically enriched cyclopropyl ethers, amines, and cyclopropylazole derivatives possessing three stereogenic carbon atoms in a small cycle are obtained via the diastereoselective, formal nucleophilic substitution of chiral, non-racemic bromocyclopropanes. The key feature of this methodology is the utilization of the chiral center of the cyclopropene intermediate, which governs the configuration of the two adjacent stereocenters that are successively installed via 1,4-addition/epimerization sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Straub
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Pavel Ryabchuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Marina Rubina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 355009 Stavropol, Russia
| | - Michael Rubin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 355009 Stavropol, Russia
- Correspondence:
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2
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Davies SG, Fletcher AM, Roberts PM, Thomson JE. SuperQuat chiral auxiliaries: design, synthesis, and utility. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:1322-1335. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02819b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and outline of some of the most common synthetic applications of the SuperQuat (4-substituted 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2-one) family of chiral auxiliaries, developed to address the shortcomings of the Evans (4-substituted oxazolidin-2-one) family of chiral auxiliaries, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G. Davies
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Ai M. Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Paul M. Roberts
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - James E. Thomson
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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3
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Gao YR, Wang YQ. Cannabinomimetric Lipids: From Natural Extract to Artificial Synthesis. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2018; 8:1-21. [PMID: 29340966 PMCID: PMC5803146 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-017-0151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoid system is related with various physiological and cognitive processes including fertility, pregnancy, during pre- and postnatal development, pain-sensation, mood, appetite, and memory. In the latest decades, an important milestone concerning the endocannabinoid system was the discovery of the existence of the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. Anandamide was the first reported endogenous metabolite, which adjusted the release of some neurotransmitters through binding to the CB1 or CB2 receptors. Then a series of cannabinomimetric lipids were extracted from marine organisms, which possessed similar structure with anandamide. This review will provide a short account about cannabinomimetric lipids for their extraction and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Green R, Peed J, Taylor JE, Blackburn RAR, Bull SD. Solid-phase asymmetric synthesis using a polymer-supported chiral Evans'-type oxazolidin-2-one. Nat Protoc 2013; 8:1890-906. [PMID: 24030439 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2013.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This protocol describes the synthesis of (S)-4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-oxazolidin-2-one, its attachment to a Merrifield-Cl resin and its use for asymmetric synthesis. The chiral auxiliary is prepared in four steps from N-Boc-L-tyrosine on a multigram scale in high yield and attached to Merrifield-Cl resin via its phenolic group to afford a solid-supported chiral auxiliary for asymmetric synthesis that takes ∼7 d to prepare. A procedure for its N-acylation is reported and a method for carrying out diastereoselective solid-supported Evans' syn-aldol reactions is described, with aldol products being cleaved from the polymer by either hydrolysis or reduction. The use of the supported auxiliary for two sequential 'on-bead' reactions has been demonstrated for the synthesis of a chiral cyclopropane aldol and a γ-lactone in a >95:5 diastereomeric ratio. These polymer-supported reactions are carried out in IRORI Kan resin capsules to protect the polymer support from mechanical degradation, thus allowing multiple on-bead reactions to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Green
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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5
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Kumar P, Dubey A, Harbindu A. Enantio- and diastereocontrolled conversion of chiral epoxides to trans-cyclopropane carboxylates: application to the synthesis of cascarillic acid, grenadamide and L-(-)-CCG-II. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6987-94. [PMID: 22832742 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25622c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient high yielding improved method for the enantio- and diastereoselective cyclopropanation of chiral epoxides using triethylphosphonoacetate and base (Wadsworth-Emmons cyclopropanation) is reported. The utility of this protocol is illustrated by concise and practical synthesis of cascarillic acid, grenadamide and L-(-)-CCG-II, a cyclopropane containing natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Organic Chemistry, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.
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6
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Peed J, Davies IR, Peacock LR, Taylor JE, Kociok-Köhn G, Bull SD. Dihydroxylation-Based Approach for the Asymmetric Syntheses of Hydroxy-γ-butyrolactones. J Org Chem 2011; 77:543-55. [PMID: 22077239 DOI: 10.1021/jo2021289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Peed
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton
Down, Bath, BA2 7AY,
United Kingdom
| | - Iwan R. Davies
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton
Down, Bath, BA2 7AY,
United Kingdom
| | - Lucy R. Peacock
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton
Down, Bath, BA2 7AY,
United Kingdom
| | - James E. Taylor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton
Down, Bath, BA2 7AY,
United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Department
of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY,
United Kingdom
| | - Steven D. Bull
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton
Down, Bath, BA2 7AY,
United Kingdom
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7
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Peed J, Periñán Domínguez I, Davies IR, Cheeseman M, Taylor JE, Kociok-Köhn G, Bull SD. Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral δ-Lactones Containing Multiple Contiguous Stereocenters. Org Lett 2011; 13:3592-5. [PMID: 21671632 DOI: 10.1021/ol2012023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Peed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Ignacio Periñán Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Iwan R. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Matt Cheeseman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - James E. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Steven D. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K
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Janardanan D, Sunoj RB. Chemo-, regio-, and diastereoselectivity preferences in the reaction of a sulfur ylide with a dienal and an enone. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1642-52. [PMID: 21253652 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00675k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic insights into an interesting class of reaction between sulfur ylides with (i) a dienal, and (ii) an enone, obtained by using density functional theory, is reported. The kinetic and thermodynamic factors responsible for chemo-, regio-, and diastereoselectivities are established by identifying all key transition states and intermediates along the reaction pathway for 1,2-, 1,4-, and 1,6- modes of attack of dimethylsulfonium benzylide to 5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienal. The reaction profiles for 1,2- and 1,4- modes of addition are also evaluated for the reaction between dimethylsulfonium benzylide and pent-3-en-2-one. Our results show that the final outcome of the reaction with both these substrates would be decided by the interplay between kinetic and thermodynamic factors. It is found that the addition of a semi-stabilized ylide to conjugated carbonyl compounds prefers to proceed through a 1,4- (conjugate) pathway under thermodynamic conditions, which is in accordance with the available experimental reports. However, the formation of epoxides via a 1,2- (direct) addition pathway is computed to be equally competitive, which could be the favored pathway under kinetic conditions. Even though the lower barrier for the initial addition step is kinetically advantageous for the direct (or 1,2-) addition pathway, the higher energy of the betaine intermediates--as well as the reversibility of the accompanying elementary step--may disfavor product formation in this route. Thus, high diastereoselectivity in favor of 2,3-trans cyclopropanecarbaldehyde is predicted in the case of the dienal, using the most favored conjugate addition (1,4-addition) pathway. Along similar lines, ylide addition to the enone is identified to exhibit a preference toward conjugate addition over direct (1,2-) addition. The importance of transition state analysis in delineating the controlling factors towards product distribution and diastereoselectivity is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Janardanan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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9
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den Hartog T, Rudolph A, Maciá B, Minnaard AJ, Feringa BL. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of trans-1-Alkyl-2-substituted Cyclopropanes via Tandem Conjugate Addition−Intramolecular Enolate Trapping. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:14349-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ja105704m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim den Hartog
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alena Rudolph
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Maciá
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Davies IR, Cheeseman M, Green R, Mahon MF, Merritt A, Bull SD. Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Hydroxy-γ-butyrolactones. Org Lett 2009; 11:2896-9. [PMID: 19514744 DOI: 10.1021/ol9008365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iwan R. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Matt Cheeseman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Rachel Green
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Andrew Merritt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Steven D. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., Department of Chemical Crystallography, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, U.K., and GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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11
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Cheeseman M, Davies IR, Axe P, Johnson AL, Bull SD. A temporary stereocentre approach for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral cyclopropane-carboxaldehydes. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3537-48. [PMID: 19675911 DOI: 10.1039/b908600e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matt Cheeseman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK BA2 7AY
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12
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13
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Niyadurupola DG, Davies IR, Wisedale R, Bull SD. A Temporary Stereocentre Approach for the Stereodivergent Synthesis of Either Enantiomer of α-Methyloctanal. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Sequential cross-metathesis/cyclopropanation: short syntheses of (+/−)-cascarillic acid and (+/−)-grenadamide. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.01.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Janardanan D, Sunoj RB. Density Functional Theory Investigations on Sulfur Ylide Promoted Cyclopropanation Reactions: Insights on Mechanism and Diastereoselection Issues. J Org Chem 2006; 72:331-41. [PMID: 17221947 DOI: 10.1021/jo061198u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism and diastereoselectivity of synthetically useful sulfur ylide promoted cyclopropanation reactions have been studied using the density functional theory method. Addition of different substituted ylides (Me2S+CH-R) to enone ((E)-pent-3-en-2-one, MeHC=CH-COMe) has been investigated. The nature of the substituent on the ylidic carbon brings about subtle changes in the reaction profile. The stabilized (R=COMe) and semistabilized (R=Ph) ylides follow a cisoid addition mode, leading to 1,2-trans and 1,2-cis cyclopropanes, respectively, via syn and anti betaine intermediates. The simplest and highly reactive model ylide (R=H) prefers a transoid addition mode. Diastereoselectivity is controlled by the barrier for cisoid-transoid rotation in the case of stabilized ylides, whereas the initial electrophilic addition is found to be the diastereoselectivity-determining step for semistabilized ylides. High selectivity toward trans cyclopropanes with stabilized ylides are predicted on the basis of the relative activation energies of diastereomeric torsional transition states. The energy differences between these transition states could be rationalized with the help of weak intramolecular as well as other stereoelectronic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Janardanan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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16
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Hoover TR, Groeper JA, Parrott RW, Chandrashekar SP, Finefield JM, Dominguez A, Hitchcock SR. Towards the development of oxadiazinanones as chiral auxiliaries: synthesis and application of N3-haloacetyloxadiazinanones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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