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Sun K, Zhang Y, Tian M, Wang Z, Zhao D, Wang S, Tang S, Zhang Z. Radical annulation of a designed diene system: access to nitro-benzo[ b]azepines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9658-9661. [PMID: 35943410 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02688k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a novel O2N˙-triggered ordered addition 7-endo cyclization reaction with excellent chemo- and regioselectivity. With such a strategy, structurally diverse nitro-benzo[b]azepines were prepared with 28 examples. Large-scale operation and handy N-Ts and N-Cbz deprotection reveal the promising utility of this methodology. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction proceeds through a radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Miao Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Zhichuan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Dongyang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Shilong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, P. R. China.
| | - Shi Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou, 416000, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, Shandong, P. R. China.
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2
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Mandal T, Dash J. Ring closing metathesis for the construction of carbazole and indole-fused natural products. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9797-9808. [PMID: 34747427 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01471d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and functionalization of carbazole ring systems have received considerable attention in organic synthesis due to their widespread occurrence in biologically active compounds. One of the classical methods for the synthesis of carbazoles involves C-C bond formation of a biaryl amine moiety by oxidizing agents. Over the last few years, various new strategies have evolved for the synthesis of carbazole ring systems. During the past two decades, ring-closing metathesis (RCM) based approaches have been efficiently employed for the synthesis of nitrogen containing heteroaromatic systems including carbazoles. Herein, we discuss the construction of carbazole ring systems using RCM and the application of RCM based methods in the preparation of other indole-fused heterocycles. The application of these methods in the synthesis of carbazole alkaloids and bioactive indole-fused natural products has been discussed to highlight the importance of RCM in total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirtha Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
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3
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Theoretical study of the [3 + 4] annulation reaction of 2-bromoenals with malonates catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbene. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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4
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Singh D, Ha HJ. Metal-free aza-Claisen type ring expansion of vinyl aziridines: an expeditious synthesis of seven membered N-heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3093-3097. [PMID: 30644494 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03029d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free approach for the synthesis of 7-membered aza-heterocycles has been developed by the intermolecular [5 + 2] cycloaddition of non-activated vinylaziridines and alkynes. This method has a broad substrate scope under mild reaction conditions to afford structurally diverse 7-membered N-heterocycles in high yield up to 92%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, 17035, Korea.
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5
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Zhu SY, Zhang Y, Chen XF, Huang J, Shi SH, Hui XP. Highly enantioselective synthesis of functionalized azepino[1,2-a]indolesviaNHC-catalyzed [3+4] annulation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:4363-4366. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01444f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective [3+4] annulation of 3-formylindol-2-methylmalonates with 2-bromoenals catalyzed by NHCs is described to efficiently synthesise functionalized azepino[1,2-a]indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ya Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Xin-Fa Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
| | - Shi-Hui Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yan’an University
- Yan’an 716000
- P. R. China
| | - Xin-Ping Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- P. R. China
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Rodrigues N, Boiaryna L, Vercouillie J, Guilloteau D, Suzenet F, Buron F, Routier S. Tandem Silver-Catalyzed Cyclization/Nucleophilic Functionalization of 2-Alkynylindole-3-carbaldehyde Oximes to Afford New 2,4-Disubstituted γ-Carbolines. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Johnny Vercouillie
- UMR Inserm U930; Université François Rabelais de Tours, CHRU de Tours; Tours France
| | - Denis Guilloteau
- UMR Inserm U930; Université François Rabelais de Tours, CHRU de Tours; Tours France
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7
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Shenje R, Martin MC, France S. A catalytic diastereoselective formal [5+2] cycloaddition approach to azepino[1,2-a]indoles: putative donor-acceptor cyclobutanes as reactive intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13907-11. [PMID: 25339510 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic formal [5+2] cycloaddition approach to the diastereoselective synthesis of azepino[1,2-a]indoles is reported. The reaction presumably proceeds through a Lewis acid catalyzed formal [2+2] cycloaddition of an alkene with an N-indolyl alkylidene β-amide ester to form a donor-acceptor cyclobutane intermediate, which subsequently undergoes an intramolecular ring-opening cyclization. Azepine products are formed in up to 92% yield with high degrees of diastereoselectivity (up to 34:1 d.r.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raynold Shenje
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology (USA)
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8
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Shenje R, Martin MC, France S. A Catalytic Diastereoselective Formal [5+2] Cycloaddition Approach to Azepino[1,2-a]indoles: Putative Donor-Acceptor Cyclobutanes as Reactive Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Zhang S, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Efficient one-pot synthesis of N-containing heterocycles by multicomponent coupling of silicon-tethered diynes, nitriles, and isocyanides through intramolecular cyclization of iminoacyl-Zr intermediates. Chemistry 2010; 16:8419-26. [PMID: 20544754 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An efficient multicomponent synthesis of 5-azaindoles and dihydropyrrolo[3,2-c]azepines was achieved by zirconocene-mediated coupling of silicon-tethered diynes, nitriles, and isocyanides. The synthesis, structures, and intramolecular cyclization of mono- and bis(iminoacyl)--Zr intermediates were investigated to elucidate the reaction process. Upon hydrolysis, the isolated mono(iminoacyl)--Zr intermediates underwent intramolecular cyclization to afford tetrasubstituted 5-azaindoles, whereas intramolecular cyclization of bis(iminoacyl)--Zr intermediates led to the formation of dihydropyrrolo[3,2-c]azepines. The structure of a bis(iminoacyl)--Zr intermediate, formed through insertion of two molecules of CyNC into the Zr--C bond, and structures of two dihydropyrrolo[3,2-c]azepines were characterized by single-crystal X-ray structural analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Alekseyev RS, Kurkin AV, Yurovskaya MA. γ-Carbolines and their hydrogenated derivatives. 2.* Hydrogenated derivatives of γ-carbolines: methods of synthesis (review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-010-0588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Cheng HG, Chen CB, Tan F, Chang NJ, Chen JR, Xiao WJ. Convenient Synthesis of Tetrahydro-γ-carbolines and Tetrahydroquinolines through a Chemo- and Regioselectivity Switch by a Brønsted Acid Catalyzed, One-Pot, Multicomponent Reaction. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Bennasar ML, Zulaica E, Solé D, Roca T, García-Díaz D, Alonso S. Total Synthesis of the Bridged Indole Alkaloid Apparicine. J Org Chem 2009; 74:8359-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901986v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.-Lluïsa Bennasar
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Ester Zulaica
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Daniel Solé
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Tomàs Roca
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Davinia García-Díaz
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Sandra Alonso
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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14
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon–transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2005. Coord Chem Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Muthusamy S, Gnanaprakasam B, Suresh E. New Approach to the Synthesis of Macrocyclic Tetralactones via Ring-Closing Metathesis Using Grubbs' First-Generation Catalyst. J Org Chem 2007; 72:1495-8. [PMID: 17253746 DOI: 10.1021/jo062043p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A facile and efficient route to synthesize macrocyclic tetralactones with different ring sizes having a wide variety of spacers is described. The application of ring-closing metathesis for the synthesis of macrocyclic tetralactones is demonstrated with many examples in excellent yield. The representative structure of macrocyclic tetralactones is characterized by X-ray crystallography.
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