1
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Yin J, Choi S, Pyle D, Guest JR, Dong G. Backbone Engineering of Monodisperse Conjugated Polymers via Integrated Iterative Binomial Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19120-19128. [PMID: 37603817 PMCID: PMC10472507 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of sequence-defined monodisperse π-conjugated polymers with versatile backbones remains a substantial challenge. Here we report the development of an integrated iterative binomial synthesis (IIBS) strategy to enable backbone engineering of conjugated polymers with precisely controlled lengths and sequences as well as high molecular weights. The IIBS strategy capitalizes on the use of phenol as a surrogate for aryl bromide and represents the merge between protecting-group-aided iterative synthesis (PAIS) and iterative binomial synthesis (IBS). Long and monodisperse conjugated polymers with diverse irregular backbones, which are inaccessible by conventional polymerizations, can be efficiently prepared by IIBS. In addition, topology-dependent and chain-length-dependent properties have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangliang Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Shinyoung Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Daniel Pyle
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Guest
- Center
for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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2
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Jaynes TJ, Sharafi M, Campbell JP, Bocanegra J, McKay KT, Little K, Osadchey Brown R, Gray DL, Woods TJ, Li J, Schneebeli ST. Iterative Exponential Growth of Oxygen-Linked Aromatic Polymers Driven by Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions. Front Chem 2021; 9:620017. [PMID: 33996739 PMCID: PMC8113702 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.620017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents the first transition metal-free synthesis of oxygen-linked aromatic polymers by integrating iterative exponential polymer growth (IEG) with nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions. Our approach applies methyl sulfones as the leaving groups, which eliminate the need for a transition metal catalyst, while also providing flexibility in functionality and configuration of the building blocks used. As indicated by 1) 1H-1H NOESY NMR spectroscopy, 2) single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and 3) density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the unimolecular polymers obtained are folded by nonclassical hydrogen bonds formed between the oxygens of the electron-rich aromatic rings and the positively polarized C-H bonds of the electron-poor pyrimidine functions. Our results not only introduce a transition metal-free synthetic methodology to access precision polymers but also demonstrate how interactions between relatively small, neutral aromatic units in the polymers can be utilized as new supramolecular interaction pairs to control the folding of precision macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Jaynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Mona Sharafi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Joseph P. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Jessica Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Kyle T. McKay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Kassondra Little
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | | | - Danielle L. Gray
- George L. Clark X-Ray Facility and 3M Materials Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Toby J. Woods
- George L. Clark X-Ray Facility and 3M Materials Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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3
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Szweda R, Chendo C, Charles L, Baxter PNW, Lutz JF. Synthesis of oligoarylacetylenes with defined conjugated sequences using tailor-made soluble polymer supports. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:8312-8315. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03633g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of polystyrene-based soluble polymer supports greatly simplifies the synthesis and characterization of self-aggregating sequence-defined oligoarylacetylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roza Szweda
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut Charles Sadron UPR22
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
| | | | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- ICR
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire
- Marseille
| | - Paul N. W. Baxter
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut Charles Sadron UPR22
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
| | - Jean-François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- Institut Charles Sadron UPR22
- 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
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4
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Kerner L, Gmucová K, Kožíšek J, Petříček V, Putala M. Easily oxidizable triarylamine materials with naphthalene and binaphthalene core: structure–properties relationship. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Chistov AA, Ivanov NM, Kutyakov SV, Ustinov AV, Glybin AV, Streshnev PP, Mikhura IV, Korshun VA. Fluorescent nucleosides with an elongated rigid linker: attaching perylene to a nucleobase via a one-pot desilylation/Sonogashira reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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6
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Jiang Y, Golder MR, Nguyen HVT, Wang Y, Zhong M, Barnes JC, Ehrlich DJC, Johnson JA. Iterative Exponential Growth Synthesis and Assembly of Uniform Diblock Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9369-72. [PMID: 27406892 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the phase segregation of unimolecular block copolymers (BCPs) are limited by a lack of reliable, versatile methods for the synthesis of such polymers on the preparative scale. Herein, we describe an advancement of Iterative Exponential Growth (IEG) wherein chiral allyl-based IEG oligomers are subjected to thiol-ene reactions and converted into unimolecular BCPs. With this strategy we have synthesized uniform BCPs with molar masses up to 12.1 kDa on ∼1 g scale. BCPs composed of decane-based side chains and either triethyleneglycol- or thioglycerol-based side chains phase-segregate into hexagonal cylinder morphologies. The assembly is not driven by side-chain crystallization, but is instead the result of amorphous BCP assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yivan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew R Golder
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hung V-T Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jonathan C Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Deborah J C Ehrlich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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7
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Galán E, Perrin ML, Lutz M, van der Zant HSJ, Grozema FC, Eelkema R. Synthesis of 1,2-biphenylethane based single-molecule diodes. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2439-43. [PMID: 26809645 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00008h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We have described the synthesis of novel biphenylethane-based wires for molecular electronics. Exceptional single-molecule diode behavior was predicted for unsymmetrically substituted biphenylethane derivatives, synthesized here using the so far unexplored unsymmetrically substituted 1,2-bis(4-bromophenyl)ethanes as key intermediates, which were obtained from the corresponding tolane precursor by selective hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Galán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Mickael L Perrin
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand C Grozema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands.
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8
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Barnes JC, Ehrlich DJC, Gao AX, Leibfarth FA, Jiang Y, Zhou E, Jamison TF, Johnson JA. Iterative exponential growth of stereo- and sequence-controlled polymers. Nat Chem 2015; 7:810-5. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Cummings SP, Fanwick PE, Savchenko J, Ren T. Diruthenium acetylide compounds with masked diazonium capping groups. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Nakhi A, Prasad B, Reddy U, Rao RM, Sandra S, Kapavarapu R, Rambabu D, Rama Krishna G, Reddy CM, Ravada K, Misra P, Iqbal J, Pal M. A new route to indoles via in situ desilylation–Sonogashira strategy: identification of novel small molecules as potential anti-tuberculosis agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00148e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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11
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Binauld S, Damiron D, Connal LA, Hawker CJ, Drockenmuller E. Precise Synthesis of Molecularly Defined Oligomers and Polymers by Orthogonal Iterative Divergent/Convergent Approaches. Macromol Rapid Commun 2010; 32:147-68. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Sahoo D, Thiele S, Schulte M, Ramezanian N, Godt A. Polar tagging in the synthesis of monodisperse oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene)s and an update on the synthesis of oligoPPEs. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:57. [PMID: 20625532 PMCID: PMC2900939 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One important access to monodisperse (functionalized) oligoPPEs is based on the orthogonality of the alkyne protecting groups triisopropylsilyl and hydroxymethyl (HOM) and on the polar tagging with the hydroxymethyl moiety for an easy chromatographic separation of the products. This paper provides an update of this synthetic route. For the deprotection of HOM protected alkynes, γ-MnO₂ proved to be better than (highly) activated MnO₂. The use of HOM as an alkyne protecting group is accompanied by carbometalation as a side reaction in the alkynyl-aryl coupling. The extent of carbometalation can be distinctly reduced through substitution of HOM for 1-hydroxyethyl. The strategy of polar tagging is extended by embedding ether linkages within the solubilising side chains. With building blocks such as 1,4-diiodo-2,5-bis(6-methoxyhexyl) less steps are needed to assemble oligoPPEs with functional end groups and the isolation of pure compounds becomes simple. For the preparation of 1,4-dialkyl-2,5-diiodobenzene a better procedure is presented together with the finding that 1,4-dialkyl-2,3-diiodobenzene, a constitutional isomer of 1,4-dialkyl-2,5-diiodobenzene, is one of the byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjaya Sahoo
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Susanne Thiele
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Miriam Schulte
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Navid Ramezanian
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Adelheid Godt
- Bielefeld University, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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13
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One-dimensional Zn(II) oligo(phenyleneethynylene)dicarboxylate coordination polymers: Synthesis, crystal structures, thermal and photoluminescent properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Mikroyannidis JA, Fakis M, Spiliopoulos IK. Photophysical and electrochemical characterization of new poly(arylene vinylene) copolymers containing quinoline or bisquinoline segments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Lucente-Schultz RM, Moore VC, Leonard AD, Price BK, Kosynkin DV, Lu M, Partha R, Conyers JL, Tour JM. Antioxidant Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:3934-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ja805721p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Lucente-Schultz
- Departments of Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Office of Biotechnology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, UCT 795, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Valerie C. Moore
- Departments of Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Office of Biotechnology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, UCT 795, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Ashley D. Leonard
- Departments of Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Office of Biotechnology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, UCT 795, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - B. Katherine Price
- Departments of Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Office of Biotechnology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, UCT 795, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Dmitry V. Kosynkin
- Departments of Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Office of Biotechnology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, UCT 795, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Meng Lu
- Departments of Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Office of Biotechnology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, UCT 795, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Ranga Partha
- Departments of Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Office of Biotechnology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, UCT 795, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jodie L. Conyers
- Departments of Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Office of Biotechnology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, UCT 795, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - James M. Tour
- Departments of Chemistry and Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Office of Biotechnology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, UCT 795, Houston, Texas 77030
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Chang EM, Huang SL, Lee CT, Lin HC, Chen CY, Huang YY, Lin SK, Wong FF. Synthesis and Characterization of Soluble Conjugated Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) Derivatives Constituted of Alternating Pyrazole and 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Moieties. Aust J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/ch08344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
New soluble poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivatives with 1,3,4-oxadiazole and pyrazole rings along the main chain were synthesized by Heck coupling. The new conjugated polymers are soluble in common organic solvents as a result of the fully conjugated backbone with dodecyloxy side groups. The polymers show relatively high glass-transition temperatures (up to 160°C) and good satisfactory thermal stability. Solutions of the polymers emit blue-greenish light with photoluminescence (PL) emission maxima around 490–500 nm. The PL spectrum of the polymer’s thin films, with a maximum at 515 nm, shows a red-shift (~20 nm), with respect to the solution spectrum. Cyclic voltammetry reveals that both conjugated polymers have reversible oxidation and irreversible reduction, making them n-type electroluminescent materials. The electron affinity of the new polymers was estimated as 2.73–2.74 eV. The weight-average molecular weights (M
w) of the new soluble polymers were in the range of 4790–4950.
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Abstract
We are presenting the synthesis of a phenylene ethynylene-based rod containing an Fmoc protected amino group and an activated acid which can be applied to peptide couplings. This linear amino acid analogue is applied to the synthesis of di-, tri- and pentamers. The pentamer has a molecular mass of 6.5 kDa and is characterized by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF MS. The method has potential for the formation of long macromolecular oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper S Andersen
- Danish National Research Foundation: Centre for DNA Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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18
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Vellis PD, Mikroyannidis JA, Lo C, Hsu C. Synthesis of terpyridine ligands and their complexation with Zn
2+
and Ru
2+
for optoelectronic applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis D. Vellis
- Chemical Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR‐26500 Patras, Greece
| | - John A. Mikroyannidis
- Chemical Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR‐26500 Patras, Greece
| | - Chih‐Nan Lo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chain‐Shu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan, Republic of China
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19
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Zhou Q, Chen T, Zhang J, Wan L, Xie P, Han CC, Yan S, Zhang R. Hierarchical self-assembly of p-terphenyl derivative with dumbbell-like amphiphilic and rod-coil characteristics. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Vellis PD, Mikroyannidis JA, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Carbazolevinylene‐based polymers and model compounds with oxadiazole and triphenylamine segments: Synthesis, photophysics, and electroluminescence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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