1
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Ananikov VP, Ledovskaya MS, Voronin VV, Rodygin KS. Acetylene and Ethylene: Universal C2 Molecular Units in Cycloaddition Reactions. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1654-2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAcetylene and ethylene are the smallest molecules that contain an unsaturated carbon–carbon bond and can be efficiently utilized in a large variety of cycloaddition reactions. In this review, we summarize the application of these C2 molecular units in cycloaddition chemistry and highlight their amazing synthetic opportunities.1 Introduction2 Fundamental Features and Differences of Cycloaddition Reactions Involving Acetylene and Ethylene3 (2+1) Cycloaddition4 [2+2] Cycloaddition5 (3+2) Cycloaddition6 [4+2] Cycloaddition7 (2+2+1) Cycloaddition8 [2+2+2] Cycloaddition9 The Use of Acetylene and Ethylene Cycloaddition for Deuterium and 13C Labeling10 Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine P. Ananikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
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2
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Li F, Yang LC, Zhang J, Chen JS, Renata H. Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Branched Aromatic α-Amino Acids by Biocatalytic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17680-17685. [PMID: 34056805 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
β-Branched noncanonical amino acids are valuable molecules in modern drug development efforts. However, they are still challenging to prepare due to the need to set multiple stereocenters in a stereoselective fashion, and contemporary methods for the synthesis of such compounds often rely on the use of rare-transition-metal catalysts with designer ligands. Herein, we report a highly diastereo- and enantioselective biocatalytic transamination method to prepare a broad range of aromatic β-branched α-amino acids. Mechanistic studies show that the transformation proceeds through dynamic kinetic resolution that is unique to the optimal enzyme. To highlight its utility and practicality, the biocatalytic reaction was applied to the synthesis of several sp3 -rich cyclic fragments and the first total synthesis of jomthonic acid A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhuo Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Li-Cheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Jingyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Jason S Chen
- Automated Synthesis Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
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3
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Li F, Yang L, Zhang J, Chen JS, Renata H. Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Branched Aromatic α‐Amino Acids by Biocatalytic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhuo Li
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Li‐Cheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Jingyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
| | - Jason S. Chen
- Automated Synthesis Facility The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458 USA
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4
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A short synthesis of both enantiomers of 2-aminobicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2,7-dicarboxylic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.152912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Beaver MG, Zhang EX, Liu ZQ, Zheng SY, Wang B, Lu JP, Tao J, Gonzalez M, Jones S, Tedrow JS. Development and Execution of a Production-Scale Continuous [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Beaver
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - En-xuan Zhang
- Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., No. 71 Seventh Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhi-qing Liu
- Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., No. 71 Seventh Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Song-yuan Zheng
- Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., No. 71 Seventh Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., No. 71 Seventh Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jiang-ping Lu
- Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., No. 71 Seventh Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jian Tao
- Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., No. 71 Seventh Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Miguel Gonzalez
- Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., No. 71 Seventh Avenue, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Siân Jones
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Jason S. Tedrow
- Process Development, Amgen, Inc., 360 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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6
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Giustra ZX, Yang X, Chen M, Bettinger HF, Liu S. Accessing 1,2‐Substituted Cyclobutanes through 1,2‐Azaborine Photoisomerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467–3860 USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467–3860 USA
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Shih‐Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry Boston College Chestnut Hill MA 02467–3860 USA
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7
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Giustra ZX, Yang X, Chen M, Bettinger HF, Liu SY. Accessing 1,2-Substituted Cyclobutanes through 1,2-Azaborine Photoisomerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18918-18922. [PMID: 31604006 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We provide a seminal example of the utility of the 1,2-azaborine motif as a 4C+1N+1B synthon in organic synthesis. Specifically, conditions for the practically scalable photoisomerization of 1,2-azaborine in a flow reactor are reported that furnish aminoborylated cyclobutane derivatives. The C-B bonds could also be functionalized to furnish a diverse set of highly substituted cyclobutanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary X Giustra
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467-3860, USA
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467-3860, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467-3860, USA
| | - Holger F Bettinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shih-Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467-3860, USA
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8
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Xue YP, Cao CH, Zheng YG. Enzymatic asymmetric synthesis of chiral amino acids. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1516-1561. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00253j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the progress achieved in the enzymatic asymmetric synthesis of chiral amino acids from prochiral substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Cheng-Hao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
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Chang Z, Boyaud F, Guillot R, Boddaert T, Aitken DJ. A Photochemical Route to 3- and 4-Hydroxy Derivatives of 2-Aminocyclobutane-1-carboxylic Acid with an all-cis Geometry. J Org Chem 2017; 83:527-534. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zong Chang
- CP3A
Organic Synthesis Group, ICMMO, CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris
Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - France Boyaud
- CP3A
Organic Synthesis Group, ICMMO, CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris
Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Services
Communs, ICMMO, CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Boddaert
- CP3A
Organic Synthesis Group, ICMMO, CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris
Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - David J. Aitken
- CP3A
Organic Synthesis Group, ICMMO, CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris
Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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10
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Melis N, Luridiana A, Guillot R, Secci F, Frongia A, Boddaert T, Aitken DJ. Stereoselective and Regioselective Pinacol-Type Rearrangement of a Fused Bicyclic Oxetanol Scaffold. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Melis
- CP A Organic Synthesis Group; ICMMO; CNRS UMR 8182; Université Paris Saclay; Université Paris Saclay; 15 rue Georges Clemenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex France
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche; Università degli studi di Cagliari; Complesso Universitario di Monserrato; S.S. 554, Bivio per Sestu 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari Italy
| | - Alberto Luridiana
- CP A Organic Synthesis Group; ICMMO; CNRS UMR 8182; Université Paris Saclay; Université Paris Saclay; 15 rue Georges Clemenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex France
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche; Università degli studi di Cagliari; Complesso Universitario di Monserrato; S.S. 554, Bivio per Sestu 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari Italy
| | - Régis Guillot
- Services Communs; ICMMO; CNRS UMR 8182; Université Paris Saclay; 15 rue Georges Clemenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Francesco Secci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche; Università degli studi di Cagliari; Complesso Universitario di Monserrato; S.S. 554, Bivio per Sestu 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari Italy
| | - Angelo Frongia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche; Università degli studi di Cagliari; Complesso Universitario di Monserrato; S.S. 554, Bivio per Sestu 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari Italy
| | - Thomas Boddaert
- CP A Organic Synthesis Group; ICMMO; CNRS UMR 8182; Université Paris Saclay; Université Paris Saclay; 15 rue Georges Clemenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - David J. Aitken
- CP A Organic Synthesis Group; ICMMO; CNRS UMR 8182; Université Paris Saclay; Université Paris Saclay; 15 rue Georges Clemenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex France
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11
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Mansour AT, Buendia J, Xie J, Brisset F, Robin S, Naoufal D, Yazbeck O, Aitken DJ. β-Cyclodextrin-Mediated Enantioselective Photochemical Electrocyclization of 1,3-Dihydro-2H-azepin-2-one. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9832-9836. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali T. Mansour
- CP3A
Organic Synthesis Group and Services Communs, ICMMO, UMR 8182, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 420, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
- Inorganic and Organometallic Coordination Chemistry Laboratory (LCIO), Faculty of Sciences (I) & PRASE-EDST, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Julien Buendia
- CP3A
Organic Synthesis Group and Services Communs, ICMMO, UMR 8182, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 420, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Juan Xie
- PPSM,
UMR 8531, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 61 Avenue
du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan cedex, France
| | - François Brisset
- CP3A
Organic Synthesis Group and Services Communs, ICMMO, UMR 8182, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 420, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Sylvie Robin
- CP3A
Organic Synthesis Group and Services Communs, ICMMO, UMR 8182, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 420, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
- UFR
Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France
| | - Daoud Naoufal
- Inorganic and Organometallic Coordination Chemistry Laboratory (LCIO), Faculty of Sciences (I) & PRASE-EDST, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Ogaritte Yazbeck
- Inorganic and Organometallic Coordination Chemistry Laboratory (LCIO), Faculty of Sciences (I) & PRASE-EDST, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - David J. Aitken
- CP3A
Organic Synthesis Group and Services Communs, ICMMO, UMR 8182, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 420, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
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12
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Kassir AF, Ragab SS, Nguyen TAM, Charnay-Pouget F, Guillot R, Scherrmann MC, Boddaert T, Aitken DJ. Synthetic Access to All Four Stereoisomers of Oxetin. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9983-9991. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherif S. Ragab
- Photochemistry
Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt
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13
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Poplata S, Tröster A, Zou YQ, Bach T. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Cyclobutanes by Olefin [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Reactions. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9748-815. [PMID: 27018601 PMCID: PMC5025837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The [2 + 2] photocycloaddition is undisputedly the most important and most frequently used photochemical reaction. In this review, it is attempted to cover all recent aspects of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition chemistry with an emphasis on synthetically relevant, regio-, and stereoselective reactions. The review aims to comprehensively discuss relevant work, which was done in the field in the last 20 years (i.e., from 1995 to 2015). Organization of the data follows a subdivision according to mechanism and substrate classes. Cu(I) and PET (photoinduced electron transfer) catalysis are treated separately in sections 2 and 4 , whereas the vast majority of photocycloaddition reactions which occur by direct excitation or sensitization are divided within section 3 into individual subsections according to the photochemically excited olefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saner Poplata
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Tröster
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - You-Quan Zou
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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Hernvann F, Rasore G, Declerck V, Aitken DJ. Stereoselective intermolecular [2 + 2]-photocycloaddition reactions of maleic anhydride: stereocontrolled and regiocontrolled access to 1,2,3-trifunctionalized cyclobutanes. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8212-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01383b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Petz S, Wanner KT. Synthesis of 3-Azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane Derivatives as γ-Aminobutyric Acid Analogues through Intermolecular [2+2] Photocycloaddition. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Oroz-Guinea I, García-Junceda E. Enzyme catalysed tandem reactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:236-49. [PMID: 23490810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To transfer to the laboratory, the excellent efficiency shown by enzymes in Nature, biocatalysis, had to mimic several synthetic strategies used by the living organisms. Biosynthetic pathways are examples of tandem catalysis and may be assimilated in the biocatalysis field for the use of isolated multi-enzyme systems in the homogeneous phase. The concurrent action of several enzymes that work sequentially presents extraordinary advantages from the synthetic point of view, since it permits a reversible process to become irreversible, to shift the equilibrium reaction in such a way that enantiopure compounds can be obtained from prochiral or racemic substrates, reduce or eliminate problems due to product inhibition or prevent the shortage of substrates by dilution or degradation in the bulk media, etc. In this review we want to illustrate the developments of recent studies involving in vitro multi-enzyme reactions for the synthesis of different classes of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Oroz-Guinea
- Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Asymmetric synthesis of conformationally constrained L-AP4 analogues using chiral sulfinyl auxiliary. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Ricca E, Brucher B, Schrittwieser JH. Multi-Enzymatic Cascade Reactions: Overview and Perspectives. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Koszelewski D, Tauber K, Faber K, Kroutil W. omega-Transaminases for the synthesis of non-racemic alpha-chiral primary amines. Trends Biotechnol 2010; 28:324-32. [PMID: 20430457 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Optically pure amines are highly valuable products or key intermediates for a vast number of bioactive compounds; however, efficient methods for their preparation are rare. omega-Transaminases (TAs) can be applied either for the kinetic resolution of racemic amines or for the asymmetric synthesis of amines from the corresponding ketones. The latter process is more advantageous because it leads to 100% product, and is therefore a major focus of this review. This review summarizes various methodologies for transamination reactions, and provides an overview of omega-TAs that have the potential to be used for the preparation of a broad spectrum of alpha-chiral amines. Recent methodological developments as well as some recently identified novel omega-TAs warrant an update on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Koszelewski
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Bunch L, Pickering DS, Gefflaut T, Vinatier V, Helaine V, Amir A, Nielsen B, Jensen AA. 4,4-Dimethyl- and diastereomeric 4-hydroxy-4-methyl- (2S)-glutamate analogues display distinct pharmacological profiles at ionotropic glutamate receptors and excitatory amino acid transporters. ChemMedChem 2010; 4:1925-9. [PMID: 19731281 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Subtype-selective ligands are of great interest to the scientific community, as they provide a tool for investigating the function of one receptor or transporter subtype when functioning in its native environment. Several 4-substituted (S)-glutamate (Glu) analogues were synthesized, and altogether this approach has provided important insight into the structure-activity relationships (SAR) for ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs and mGluRs), as well as the excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs). In this work, three 4,4-disubstituted Glu analogues 1-3, which are hybrid structures of important 4-substituted Glu analogues 4-8, were investigated at iGluRs and EAATs. Collectively, their pharmacological profiles add new and valuable information to the SAR for the iGluRs and EAAT1-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Bunch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Torres E, Gorrea E, Burusco KK, Da Silva E, Nolis P, Rúa F, Boussert S, Díez-Pérez I, Dannenberg S, Izquierdo S, Giralt E, Jaime C, Branchadell V, Ortuño RM. Folding and self-assembling with beta-oligomers based on (1R,2S)-2-aminocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 8:564-75. [PMID: 20090973 DOI: 10.1039/b918755c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Improved methodologies are provided to synthesize (1R,2S)-2-aminocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid derivatives and their incorporation into beta-peptides of 2-8 residues bearing different N-protecting groups. The conformational analysis of these oligomers has been carried out by using experimental techniques along with theoretical calculations. This study shows that these oligomers adopt preferentially a strand-type conformation in solution induced by the formation of intra-residue six-membered hydrogen-bonded rings, affording cis-fused [4.2.0]octane structural units that confer high rigidity on these beta-peptides. Moreover, all of them are prone to self-assemble producing nano-sized fibres, as evidenced by TEM, AFM and SPFM, and, in some instances, they also form gels. These techniques and molecular modelling allowed us to suggest an aggregation model for the assembly structures in which a parallel molecular-arrangement is preferred and the conformation is similar to that observed in solution. According to this model, both hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions would account for formation of the assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Torres
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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Biocatalytic asymmetric amination of carbonyl functional groups - a synthetic biology approach to organic chemistry. Biotechnol J 2009; 4:1420-31. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200900110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Roche SP, Faure S, El Blidi L, Aitken DJ. Total Synthesis of Cyclotheonamide C by Use of an α-Keto Cyanophosphorane Methodology for Peptide Assembly. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Hoffmann
- Laboratoire des Réactions Sélectives et Applications, UMR 6519 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, F-51687 Reims, Cedex 02, France
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Abstract
The present review describes research on novel natural cyclobutane-containing alkaloids and synthetic compounds isolated from terrestrial and marine species. More than 210 compounds have been confirmed to show antimicrobial, antibacterial, anticancer, and other activities. Structures, origins, biosynthesis, photodimerization, and biological activities of a selection of cyclobutane-containing alkaloids and selected synthetic analogs of natural alkaloids are reviewed.
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