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Badiger KB, Khatavi SY, Hiremath PB, Kamanna K. Agro-waste sourced catalyst as an eco-friendly and sustainable approach for Knoevenagel condensation reaction. CURRENT ORGANOCATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2213337209666211222145453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The present work describes an eco-friendly and sustainable approach for the Knoevenagel condensation of an aromatic aldehyde with ethyl cyanoacetate, and salicylaldehyde with Meldrum acid for the synthesis of ethyl benzylidenecyanoacetate and 3-carboxy coumarin (2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran) derivatives, respectively. The reaction performed under greener catalytic media Water Extract of Watermelon Fruit Peel Ash (WEWFPA) is an eco-friendly protocol derived from the agro-waste feedstock. Various protocols have been reported for the synthesis of Knoevenagel condensation reaction using a hazardous catalyst or/and solvent found toxic to the environment, reaction time longer, poor yield, and required purification of the final product. The present method provides several added advantages of being completely greener, economic, giving high yield, inexpensive catalyst, and the final product isolated in pure form with good yield.
Objective:
The objective of the study was to develop a green methodology for the synthesis of ethyl benzylidenecyanoacetate and 3-carboxy coumarin derivatives.
Results:
The agro-waste based catalyst developed avoids the use of external inorganic/organic base, additives, and solvent-free synthesis of Knoevenagel condensation of ethyl benzylidenecyanoacetate and 3-carboxy coumarin derivatives under rt and microwave irradiation, respectively described. The microwave irradiation condition requires less time for the completion of the reaction and also gave better yield isolation
Methods:
We have demonstrated WEWFPA as a greener homogenous agro-waste is employed under rt stirring and microwave irradiation for the economic synthesis of ethyl benzylidenecyanoacetate and 3-carboxy coumarin derivatives. The developed method was found robust, non-hazardous and solvent-free with simple work-up gave target product.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, we have established an efficient, simple, agro-waste based catalytic approach for the synthesis of ethylbenzylidenecyanoacetate and 3-carboxy coumarin derivatives employing WEWFPA as an efficient catalyst under rt stirring and microwave synthesis, respectively. The method is a greener, economical and eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of Knoevenagel condensation products. The advantages of the present approach are solvent-free, no external metal, chemical base free, short reaction time and isolated product in good to excellent yields. The catalyst is agro-waste derived, which has abundant in natural sources, thus making the present approach a greener one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnappa B Badiger
- Peptide and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Rani Channamma University, P-B, NH-4, Belagavi 591 156, India
| | - Santosh Y Khatavi
- Peptide and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Rani Channamma University, P-B, NH-4, Belagavi 591 156, India
| | - Prashant B Hiremath
- Peptide and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Rani Channamma University, P-B, NH-4, Belagavi 591 156, India
| | - Kantharaju Kamanna
- Peptide and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Rani Channamma University, P-B, NH-4, Belagavi 591 156, India
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Hiremath PB, Kamanna K. Ultrasound-Promoted Sustainable Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of 2-Aryl Benzimidazoles Catalyzed by BPAE at Room Temperature. CURRENT ORGANOCATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2213337208666210212122027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Present-day chemists are more interested in developing and using green
chemistry protocol for various organic transformations, which employ natural feedstock extracts,
and solvent-free, and greener catalysts; they are well known for their non-hazardous nature and
have replaced many organic and inorganic based catalysts. In literature, the reported homogenous
catalytic approaches have been employed for various bioactive heterocycle syntheses, which follow
the green chemistry principle established for various organic transformations catalyzed by
WERSA, BFE, WEPPA, WEMFSA, WEMPA, and Eichhorniacrassipes. Among them, 2-aryl benzimidazole
derivatives have emerged as prominent molecules with a wide variety of applications in
biological and material science.
Methods:
The agro-waste sourced from the banana peel is utilized for the preparation of BPAE catalyst,
which is employed for the synthesis of 2-aryl benzimidazole derivatives under ultrasound
waves at room temperature.
Results:
Here, 2-Aryl benzimidazoles synthesized through the reaction of a substituted o-phenylene
diamine with substituted benzoyl chloride catalyzed by BPAE under ultrasound waves at
room temperature are described. Furthermore, catalyst BPAE is characterized by flame emission
spectrometry, SEM-EDX, and XRD techniques.
Conclusion:
The present work established an eco-friendly, sustainable and novel approach for the
synthesis of 2-aryl benzimidazoles using natural feedstock BPAE. The major merits of BPAE include
its use as an agro-waste-derived catalyst. It is also highly abundant, inexpensive, yields faster
reactions, has a simple workup, and does not require the use of column chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant B. Hiremath
- Department of Chemistry, Peptide and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Rani Channamma University, P-B, NH-4, Belagavi-591156, Karnataka, India
| | - Kantharaju Kamanna
- Department of Chemistry, Peptide and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Rani Channamma University, P-B, NH-4, Belagavi-591156, Karnataka, India
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Benzimidazole-Linked Indoline and Indole Hybrids from C-2 Linked (o
-Aminobenzyl)benzimidazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mamedov VA, Zhukova NA, Syakaev VV, Kadyrova MS, Beschastnova TN, Rizvanov IK, Latypov SK. New method for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole-5(6)-carboxylic acids. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Özil M, Emirik M, Beldüz A, Ülker S. Molecular docking studies and synthesis of novel bisbenzimidazole derivatives as inhibitors of α-glucosidase. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5103-5114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Maiti B, Chanda K. Diversity oriented synthesis of benzimidazole-based biheterocyclic molecules by combinatorial approach: a critical review. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06930d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the wide ranging bioactivities associated with the benzimidazole nucleus, this review highlights the advances made in the synthesis of benzimidazole-based biheterocyclic molecules by combinatorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnali Maiti
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- VIT University
- Vellore-632014
- India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- VIT University
- Vellore-632014
- India
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Prajapti SK, Nagarsenkar A, Guggilapu SD, Babu BN. B(C6F5)3 as versatile catalyst: an efficient and mild protocol for the one-pot synthesis of functionalized piperidines and 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Venkateswarlu Y, Kumar SR, Leelavathi P. Facile and efficient one-pot synthesis of benzimidazoles using lanthanum chloride. Org Med Chem Lett 2013; 3:7. [PMID: 23919542 PMCID: PMC3765254 DOI: 10.1186/2191-2858-3-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report the synthesis of benzimidazoles using lanthanum chloride as an efficient catalyst. One-pot synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives from o-phenylenediamine and a variety of aldehydes were developed under mild reaction conditions. RESULTS We have examined the effect of different solvents using the same reaction conditions. The yield of the product varied with the nature of the solvents, and better conversion and easy isolation of products were found with acetonitrile. In a similar manner, the reaction with o-phenylenediamine and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde was carried out without any solvents. The observation shows that the reaction was not brought into completion, even after starting for a period of 9 h, and the reaction mixture showed a number of spots in thin-layer chromatography. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, lanthanum chloride has been employed as a novel and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of benzimidazoles in good yields from o-phenylenediamine and a wide variety of aldehydes. All of the reactions were carried out in the presence of lanthanum chloride (10 mol%) in acetonitrile at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekkirala Venkateswarlu
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University College for Women, Koti, Hyderabad 500095, India
| | - Sudhagani Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University College for Women, Koti, Hyderabad 500095, India
| | - Panuganti Leelavathi
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University College for Women, Koti, Hyderabad 500095, India
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Ríos N, Chavarría C, Gil C, Porcal W. Microwave-Assisted Solid-Phase Synthesis of a 1,2-Disubstituted Benzimidazole Library by Using a Phosphonium Linker. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ríos
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química; Universidad de la República; Iguá 4225; Montevideo; 11400; Uruguay
| | - Cecilia Chavarría
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química; Universidad de la República; Iguá 4225; Montevideo; 11400; Uruguay
| | - Carmen Gil
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC); Juan de la Cierva 3; Madrid; 28006; Spain
| | - Williams Porcal
- Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Facultad de Química; Universidad de la República; Iguá 4225; Montevideo; 11400; Uruguay
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Kahveci B, Menteşe E, Özil M, Ülker S, Ertürk M. An efficient synthesis of benzimidazoles via a microwave technique and evaluation of their biological activities. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-012-0916-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sammaiah B, Sumalatha D, Reddy GSS, Rajeswari M, Sharada LN. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2): a mild and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of benzimidazoles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1186/2228-5547-3-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Lu C, Zhang L, Yang G, Chen Z. Task Specific Onium Salt as Soluble Support in Multicomponent Synthesis of 4-Aryl-2-amino-3-ethoxycarbonyl-naphthopyrans. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201190023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Narsaiah AV, Reddy AR, Yadav JS. Mild and Highly Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of Benzimidazoles Using Samarium Triflate [Sm(OTf)3]. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903534064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Venkat Narsaiah
- a Organic Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, India
| | - A. Ramesh Reddy
- a Organic Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, India
| | - J. S. Yadav
- a Organic Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Hyderabad, India
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Chanda K, Chou CT, Lai JJ, Lin SF, Yellol GS, Sun CM. Traceless synthesis of diketopiperazine fused tetrahydro-β-carbolines on soluble polymer support. Mol Divers 2010; 15:569-81. [PMID: 20936530 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-010-9284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Pictet-Spengler reaction, using polyethylene glycol immobilized tryptophan ester with a variety of ketones, was achieved by refluxing condition in acidic chloroform. The linear as well as cyclic ketones were employed. All the ketones were reacted within 6-8 h to furnish soluble polymer-supported tetrahydro-β-carboline in good yields. Further expansion at N-terminus of tetrahydro-β-carbolines was achieved through a reaction with chloroacetyl chloride. Finally, the 2,5-diketopiperazine skeleton was constructed over a β-carboline by amination of the resulting N-chloroacetamides and subsequent intramolecular cyclization leading to cleavage of the polymer; constitutes a traceless synthesis of tetracyclic molecular architecture. Significantly, this strategy affords a straightforward and efficient approach for the construction of biological promising molecules with high purity and good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, 300-10, Taiwan, ROC
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Chanda K, Kuo J, Chen CH, Sun CM. Enantioselective synthesis of benzimidazolyl quinoxalinones on soluble polymer support using focused microwave irradiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 11:252-60. [PMID: 19125568 DOI: 10.1021/cc800137p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Focused microwave irradiation has been applied to a multistep synthetic sequence of reactions designed to generate benzimidazolyl quinoxalinones using a soluble polymer support. They were obtained by the ipso-fluoro (S(N)Ar) displacement of the immobilized ortho-nitro fluoro benzimidazoles with chiral alpha amino esters under microwave irradiation. Intermediate chiral organic-polymer conjugates when subjected to neutral reduction underwent a spontaneous intramolecular ring closure. Cleavage of the polymer support, at room temperature, did not cause any significant racemization resulting in the generation of a chiral molecular library with two points of structural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300-10, ROC
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Pushechnikov A, Lee MM, Childs-Disney JL, Sobczak K, French JM, Thornton CA, Disney MD. Rational design of ligands targeting triplet repeating transcripts that cause RNA dominant disease: application to myotonic muscular dystrophy type 1 and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:9767-79. [PMID: 19552411 PMCID: PMC2731475 DOI: 10.1021/ja9020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the design of high affinity ligands that bind expanded rCUG and rCAG repeat RNAs expressed in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. These ligands also inhibit, with nanomolar IC(50) values, the formation of RNA-protein complexes that are implicated in both disorders. The expanded rCUG and rCAG repeats form stable RNA hairpins with regularly repeating internal loops in the stem and have deleterious effects on cell function. The ligands that bind the repeats display a derivative of the bisbenzimidazole Hoechst 33258, which was identified by searching known RNA-ligand interactions for ligands that bind the internal loop displayed in these hairpins. A series of 13 modularly assembled ligands with defined valencies and distances between ligand modules was synthesized to target multiple motifs in these RNAs simultaneously. The most avid binder, a pentamer, binds the rCUG repeat hairpin with a K(d) of 13 nM. When compared to a series of related RNAs, the pentamer binds to rCUG repeats with 4.4- to >200-fold specificity. Furthermore, the affinity of binding to rCUG repeats shows incremental gains with increasing valency, while the background binding to genomic DNA is correspondingly reduced. Then, it was determined whether the modularly assembled ligands inhibit the recognition of RNA repeats by Muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1) protein, the expanded-rCUG binding protein whose sequestration leads to splicing defects in DM1. Among several compounds with nanomolar IC(50) values, the most potent inhibitor is the pentamer, which also inhibits the formation of rCAG repeat-MBNL1 complexes. Comparison of the binding data for the designed synthetic ligands and MBNL1 to repeating RNAs shows that the synthetic ligand is 23-fold higher affinity and more specific to DM1 RNAs than MBNL1. Further studies show that the designed ligands are cell permeable to mouse myoblasts. Thus, cell permeable ligands that bind repetitive RNAs have been designed that exhibit higher affinity and specificity for binding RNA than natural proteins. These studies suggest a general approach to targeting RNA, including those that cause RNA dominant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Pushechnikov
- Department of Chemistry and The Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 657 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Melissa M. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and The Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 657 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | | | - Krzysztof Sobczak
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14620
| | - Jonathan M. French
- Department of Chemistry and The Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 657 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | | | - Matthew D. Disney
- Department of Chemistry and The Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 657 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260
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Fu G, Zhang X, Sheng S, Wei M, Liu X. Rapid Microwave‐Assisted Liquid‐Phase Synthesis of 4‐Substituted‐5‐methoxycarbonyl‐6‐methyl‐3,4‐dihydropyridones on Poly(ethylene Glycol) Support. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701873144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gui‐Yun Fu
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang , China
| | - Xiao‐Lan Zhang
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang , China
- b Department of Chemistry , Shangrao Teacher's College , Shangrao , China
| | - Shou‐Ri Sheng
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang , China
| | - Mei‐Hong Wei
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang , China
| | - Xiao‐Ling Liu
- a College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang , China
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Chapter 5.4 Five membered ring systems: with more than one N atom. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(08)80010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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