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Sharma M, Prasher P. C2-functionalized imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine: Synthesis and medicinal relevance. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2079091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mousmee Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
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2
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Post-condensational modifications of the Groebke‐Blackburn‐Bienaymé reaction products for scaffold-oriented synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Mamedov VА, Zhukova NА, Kadyrova MS. The Dimroth Rearrangement in the Synthesis of Condensed Pyrimidines - Structural Analogs of Antiviral Compounds. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021; 57:342-368. [PMID: 34024912 PMCID: PMC8121644 DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02913-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The review discusses the use of the Dimroth rearrangement in the synthesis of condensed pyrimidines which are key structural fragments of antiviral agents. The main attention is given to publications over the past 10 years. The bibliography includes 107 references.
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Key Words
- Dimroth rearrangement
- [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
- [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines
- antiviral activity
- furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines
- imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines
- purines
- pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines
- pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines
- quinazolin(on)es
- thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines
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Affiliation(s)
- Vakhid А. Mamedov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Akademika Arbuzova St, Kazan, 420088 Russia
| | - Nataliya А. Zhukova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Akademika Arbuzova St, Kazan, 420088 Russia
| | - Milyausha S. Kadyrova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Akademika Arbuzova St, Kazan, 420088 Russia
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4
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Boltjes A, Dömling A. The Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé Reaction. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (PRINT) 2019; 2019:7007-7049. [PMID: 34012704 PMCID: PMC8130801 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine is a well-known scaffold in many marketed drugs, such as Zolpidem, Minodronic acid, Miroprofen and DS-1 and it also serves as a broadly applied pharmacophore in drug discovery. The scaffold revoked a wave of interest when Groebke, Blackburn and Bienaymé reported independently a new three component reaction resulting in compounds with the imidazo[1,2-a]-heterocycles as a core structure. During the course of two decades the Groebke Blackburn Bienaymé (GBB-3CR) reaction has emerged as a very important multicomponent reaction (MCR), resulting in over a hundred patents and a great number of publications in various fields of interest. Now two compounds derived from GBB-3CR chemistry received FDA approval. To celebrate the first 20 years of GBB-chemistry, we present an overview of the chemistry of the GBB-3CR, including an analysis of each of the three starting material classes, solvents and catalysts. Additionally, a list of patents and their applications and a more in-depth summary of the biological targets that were addressed, including structural biology analysis, is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Boltjes
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Jismy B, Akssira M, Knez D, Guillaumet G, Gobec S, Abarbri M. Efficient synthesis and preliminary biological evaluations of trifluoromethylated imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines and benzimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj01982k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fluoromethylated imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines and benzimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines were synthesized through Michael addition/intramolecular cyclization reaction by condensation of 2-amino imidazole derivatives with ethyl 4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-ynate and using C–O bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr Jismy
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (PCM2E)
- EA 6299
- Avenue Monge Faculté des Sciences
- Parc de Grandmont
- 37200 Tours
| | - Mohamed Akssira
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique & de Chimie Bioorganique
- URAC 22
- Université Hassan II de Casablanca
- 28800 Mohammedia
- Morocco
| | - Damijan Knez
- University of Ljubljana
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA)
- Université d’Orléans
- UMR CNRS 7311
- 45067 Orléans Cedex 2
- France
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- 1000 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Mohamed Abarbri
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l’Energie (PCM2E)
- EA 6299
- Avenue Monge Faculté des Sciences
- Parc de Grandmont
- 37200 Tours
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6
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Chatzopoulou M, Martínez RF, Willis NJ, Claridge TD, Wilson FX, Wynne GM, Davies SG, Russell AJ. The Dimroth rearrangement as a probable cause for structural misassignments in imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines: A N-labelling study and an easy method for the determination of regiochemistry. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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7
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Devi N, Rawal RK, Singh V. Diversity-oriented synthesis of fused-imidazole derivatives via Groebke–Blackburn–Bienayme reaction: a review. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Goel R, Luxami V, Paul K. Synthetic approaches and functionalizations of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines: an overview of the decade. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14795f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review gives an overview to the synthesis of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines on the basis of multicomponent reactions, condensation reactions, intramolecular cyclizations etc. along with its reactivity at 3-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Goel
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Thapar University
- Patiala-147004
- India
| | - Vijay Luxami
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Thapar University
- Patiala-147004
- India
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Thapar University
- Patiala-147004
- India
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Butler AJE, Thompson MJ, Maydom PJ, Newby JA, Guo K, Adams H, Chen B. Regioselective synthesis of 3-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]-pyrimidines under continuous flow conditions. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10196-202. [PMID: 25310719 DOI: 10.1021/jo501861g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent synthesis of 3-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines usually affords a product mixture containing varying amounts of the corresponding 2-amino regioisomer. Modified methods, particularly microwave heating, have been employed to suppress formation of this side-product, but none of the revised protocols are readily amenable to scale. A continuous flow adaptation was found to offer improved regioselectivity toward the targeted 3-amino regioisomer with significantly shorter reaction times and also widened the scope of the reaction to permit the use of aliphatic aldehyde building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlie J E Butler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
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Demjén A, Gyuris M, Wölfling J, Puskás LG, Kanizsai I. Facile synthesis of 1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazoles via a sequential one-pot synthetic approach. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:2338-44. [PMID: 25383103 PMCID: PMC4222397 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aminopyrazole-4-carbonitrile and ethyl 5-aminopyrazole-4-carboxylate, as potential trifunctional building blocks are introduced in a facile, chemo- and regioselective multicomponent assembly of imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazoles via the Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé reaction (GBB reaction). Besides the synthetic elaboration of a green-compatible isocyanide-based access in three-component mode, we describe an operationally simple, one-pot two-step GBB protocol for the rapid construction of a 46 membered imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole library with yields up to 83%.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Demjén
- AVIDIN Ltd., Alsó Kikötő sor 11, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary ; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márió Gyuris
- AVIDIN Ltd., Alsó Kikötő sor 11, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G Puskás
- AVIDIN Ltd., Alsó Kikötő sor 11, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary ; AVICOR Ltd., Alsó Kikötő sor 11, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Iván Kanizsai
- AVIDIN Ltd., Alsó Kikötő sor 11, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
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11
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Rozentsveig IB, Serykh VY, Chernysheva GN, Kondrashov EV, Fedotova AI, Ushakov IA, Tretyakov EV, Romanenko GV. Two-Step Regioselective Synthesis of 3-(Sulfonylamino)imidazo[1,2- a]pyrimidines from 2-Aminopyrimidines and N-(2,2-Dichloro-2-phenylethylidene)arensulfonamides. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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12
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Garzón M, Davies PW. A Direct Route into Fused Imidazo-diazines and Imidazo-pyridines Using Nucleophilic Nitrenoids in a Gold-Catalyzed Formal [3 + 2]-Dipolar Cycloaddition. Org Lett 2014; 16:4850-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502346d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Garzón
- Haworth
Building, School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Paul W. Davies
- Haworth
Building, School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
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13
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Arnould M, Hiebel MA, Massip S, Léger JM, Jarry C, Berteina-Raboin S, Guillaumet G. Efficient Metal-Free Synthesis of Various Pyrido[2′,1′:2,3]imidazo- [4,5-b]quinolines. Chemistry 2013; 19:12249-53. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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14
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Shaabani A, Seyyedhamzeh M, Shaabani S, Ganji N. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes sulfuric acid as a reusable heterogeneous solid acid catalyst for the rapid synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-013-1352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Liu G, Cong X, He J, Luo S, Wu D, Lan J. Regioselective Synthesis of 2- and 3-Substituted Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.3184/174751912x13499663832261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A range of 2- or 3-substituted imidazo[1,2- a]pyridines were prepared from 2-aminopyridine derivatives and gem-dibromovinyl compounds by the tandem nucleophilic substitution (or nucleophilic addition)/cyclisation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Liu
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jiaheng He
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, P. R. China
| | - Shunzhong Luo
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Lan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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16
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Bakherad M, Keivanloo A, Kalantar Z, Jajarmi S. Pd/C-catalyzed heterocyclization during copper-free Sonogashira coupling: synthesis of 2-benzylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines in water. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.10.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Deev SL, Shenkarev ZO, Shestakova TS, Chupakhin ON, Rusinov VL, Arseniev AS. Selective 15N-Labeling and Analysis of 13C−15N J Couplings as an Effective Tool for Studying the Structure and Azide−Tetrazole Equilibrium in a Series of Tetrazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4]triazines and Tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. J Org Chem 2010; 75:8487-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1017876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey L. Deev
- Yeltsin Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Zakhar O. Shenkarev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Oleg N. Chupakhin
- Yeltsin Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street, 620219 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir L. Rusinov
- Yeltsin Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Arseniev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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18
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El Ashry ESH, Nadeem S, Shah MR, Kilany YE. Recent Advances in the Dimroth Rearrangement. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(10)01005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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19
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Tsirulnikov S, Kysil V, Ivachtchenko A, Krasavin M. Trimethylsilyl Chloride as a Promoter for the Groebke–Blackburn Reaction: Preparation of Imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]Benzothiazoles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910902953331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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El Kaim L, Grimaud L. Beyond the Ugi reaction: less conventional interactions between isocyanides and iminium species. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Krasavin M, Shkavrov S, Parchinsky V, Bukhryakov K. Imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalines Accessed via Two Sequential Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reactions. J Org Chem 2009; 74:2627-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900050k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Krasavin
- Chemical Diversity Research Institute, 2a Rabochaya Street, Khimki, Moscow Region, 141400, Russia
| | - Sergey Shkavrov
- Chemical Diversity Research Institute, 2a Rabochaya Street, Khimki, Moscow Region, 141400, Russia
| | - Vladislav Parchinsky
- Chemical Diversity Research Institute, 2a Rabochaya Street, Khimki, Moscow Region, 141400, Russia
| | - Konstantin Bukhryakov
- Chemical Diversity Research Institute, 2a Rabochaya Street, Khimki, Moscow Region, 141400, Russia
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SHAABANI A, SOLEIMANI E, SARVARY A, REZAYAN AH, MALEKI A. Tin(II) Chloride Dihydrate Catalyzed Groebke Condensation: An Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of 3-Aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. CHINESE J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200990060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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23
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Krasavin M, Tsirulnikov S, Nikulnikov M, Sandulenko Y, Bukhryakov K. tert-Butyl isocyanide revisited as a convertible reagent in the Groebke–Blackburn reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Sandulenko Y, Komarov A, Rufanov K, Krasavin M. Greater variety in Groebke–Blackburn type 3-arylaminoimidazo[1,2-a]azines accessed via Pd-catalyzed arylation of a primary amine precursor. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.07.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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25
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Krasavin M, Tsirulnikov S, Nikulnikov M, Kysil V, Ivachtchenko A. Poorly reactive 5-piperazin-1-yl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amines rendered as valid substrates for Groebke–Blackburn type multi-component reaction with aldehydes and isocyanides using TMSCl as a promoter. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Nag S, Mishra A, Batra S. A Facile Construction of 6-(Arylmethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-7-ylamines from Allylamines Derived from Baylis-Hillman Adducts. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Hulme C, Lee YS. Emerging approaches for the syntheses of bicyclic imidazo[1,2-x]-heterocycles. Mol Divers 2008; 12:1-15. [PMID: 18409015 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-008-9072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Imidazo-[1,2-x]heterocycles are versatile building blocks for use in both a 'drug hunters' quest to discover new leads and a chemical biologists search for effective molecular tools in 'cell perturbation' studies. At the front end of the drug discovery flow chart, the last 5-10 years have witnessed the discovery of new high-throughput methodologies which very quickly have enabled access to virtual libraries of these chemo-types in the realm of 10(7) derivatives. Interestingly, these often neglected cores in patent cooperation treaty (PCT) applications appear in several highly effective marketed drugs, completing the medicinal chemists search for clinical success. Such rigid chemo-types, all containing a bridgehead nitrogen atom, are thus poised for an ever increasing impact on the discovery and development of new molecular therapeutics. The following mini-review will briefly cover therapeutic utility, chemical methodologies and automation developed to enable preparation of arrays of these chemo-types in a high-throughput manner. Synthetic emphasis is placed on a 3-component-3-center isocyanide based multi-component reaction (IMCR), which spans solution, solid phase, flourous and microwave assisted organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hulme
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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