1
|
Meng Z, Spohr SM, Tobegen S, Farès C, Fürstner A. A Unified Approach to Polycyclic Alkaloids of the Ingenamine Estate: Total Syntheses of Keramaphidin B, Ingenamine, and Nominal Njaoamine I. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14402-14414. [PMID: 34448391 PMCID: PMC8431342 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Many
polycyclic marine
alkaloids are thought to derive from partly
reduced macrocyclic alkylpyridine derivatives via a transannular Diels–Alder
reaction that forms their common etheno-bridged diaza-decaline core
(“Baldwin–Whitehead hypothesis”). Rather than
trying to emulate this biosynthesis pathway, a route to these natural
products following purely chemical logic was pursued. Specifically,
a Michael/Michael addition cascade provided rapid access to this conspicuous
tricyclic scaffold and allowed different handles to be introduced
at the bridgehead quarternary center. This flexibility opened opportunities
for the formation of the enveloping medium-sized and macrocyclic rings.
Ring closing alkyne metathesis (RCAM) proved most reliable and became
a recurrent theme en route to keramaphidin B, ingenamine, xestocyclamine
A, and nominal njaoamine I (the structure of which had to be corrected
in the aftermath of the synthesis). Best results were obtained with
molybdenum alkylidyne catalysts endowed with (tripodal) silanolate
ligands, which proved fully operative in the presence of tertiary
amines, quinoline, and other Lewis basic sites. RCAM was successfully
interlinked with macrolactamization, an intricate hydroboration/protonation/alkyl-Suzuki
coupling sequence, or ring closing olefin metathesis (RCM) for the
closure of the second lateral ring; the use of RCM for the formation
of an 11-membered cycle is particularly noteworthy. Equally rare are
RCM reactions that leave a pre-existing triple bond untouched, as
the standard ruthenium catalysts are usually indiscriminative vis-à-vis
the different π-bonds. Of arguably highest significance, however,
is the use of two consecutive or even concurrent RCAM reactions en
route to nominal njaoamine I as the arguably most complex of the chosen
targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchao Meng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Simon M Spohr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sandra Tobegen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christophe Farès
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu X, Rawling T, Roseblade A, Bishop R, Ung AT. Antiproliferative activities of alkaloid-like compounds. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:2105-2114. [PMID: 30108728 PMCID: PMC6072216 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00435d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tricyclic alkaloid-like compounds were synthesised in a few steps, via the bridging Ritter reaction.
Tricyclic alkaloid-like compounds were synthesised in a few steps, via the bridging Ritter reaction. The compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against the MCF-7 and the aggressive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The anti-cancer activities of 2c were found to be selective towards the aggressive and more challenging to treat triple negative (MDA-MB-231) cell line while exhibiting no antiproliferative activities towards the MCF-7 cells at the highest concentration tested (50 μM). The IC50 of compound 2c was determined to be 7.9 μM for the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Furthermore, 2c arrested cell cycle at the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Besides in-house anti-cancer screening, compound 3 was selected for anti-cancer screening by the National Cancer Institute and was found to have broad anti-cancer activity with selectivity against particular leukaemia, colon, melanoma, and breast cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicities of compounds 2c and 3 were also tested against noncancerous mammalian cells (VERO cell line), and found to be selective towards cancerous cells. The facile synthetic route, unique chemical structures and the biological data make these alkaloid-like compounds worthwhile lead compounds for further anti-cancer drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- XiXi Xu
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences , University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW 2007 , Australia . ; Tel: +61 2 9514 1881
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences , University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW 2007 , Australia . ; Tel: +61 2 9514 1881
| | - Ariane Roseblade
- Discipline of Pharmacy , Graduate School of Health , University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW 2007 , Australia
| | - Roger Bishop
- School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales, UNSW , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
| | - Alison T Ung
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences , University of Technology Sydney , Broadway , NSW 2007 , Australia . ; Tel: +61 2 9514 1881
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bogdan AR, Jerome SV, Houk KN, James K. Strained cyclophane macrocycles: impact of progressive ring size reduction on synthesis and structure. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2127-38. [PMID: 22133103 DOI: 10.1021/ja208503y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, and calculated strain energies are reported for a homologous series of 11- to 14-membered drug-like cyclophane macrocycles, representing an unusual region of chemical space that can be difficult to access synthetically. The ratio of macrocycle to dimer, generated via a copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition macrocyclization in flow at elevated temperature, could be rationalized in terms of the strain energy in the macrocyclic product. The progressive increase in strain resulting from reduction in macrocycle ring size, or the introduction of additional conformational constraints, results in marked deviations from typical geometries. These strained cyclophane macrocyclic systems provide access to spatial orientations of functionality that would not be readily available in unstrained or acyclic analogs. The most strained system prepared represents the first report of an 11-membered cyclophane containing a 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole ring and establishes a limit to the ring strain that can be generated using this macrocycle synthesis methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Bogdan
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jang KH, Kang GW, Jeon JE, Lim C, Lee HS, Sim CJ, Oh KB, Shin J. Haliclonin A, a New Macrocyclic Diamide from the Sponge Haliclona sp. Org Lett 2009; 11:1713-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ol900282m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Hwa Jang
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim, Seoul 151-742, Korea, Marine Natural Products Laboratory, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan P.O. Box 29, Seoul 425-600, Korea, Department of Biological Science, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University,461-6 Jeonmin, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea, and Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University,
| | - Gyoung Won Kang
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim, Seoul 151-742, Korea, Marine Natural Products Laboratory, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan P.O. Box 29, Seoul 425-600, Korea, Department of Biological Science, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University,461-6 Jeonmin, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea, and Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University,
| | - Ju-eun Jeon
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim, Seoul 151-742, Korea, Marine Natural Products Laboratory, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan P.O. Box 29, Seoul 425-600, Korea, Department of Biological Science, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University,461-6 Jeonmin, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea, and Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University,
| | - Chaemin Lim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim, Seoul 151-742, Korea, Marine Natural Products Laboratory, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan P.O. Box 29, Seoul 425-600, Korea, Department of Biological Science, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University,461-6 Jeonmin, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea, and Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University,
| | - Hyi-Seung Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim, Seoul 151-742, Korea, Marine Natural Products Laboratory, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan P.O. Box 29, Seoul 425-600, Korea, Department of Biological Science, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University,461-6 Jeonmin, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea, and Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University,
| | - Chung J. Sim
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim, Seoul 151-742, Korea, Marine Natural Products Laboratory, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan P.O. Box 29, Seoul 425-600, Korea, Department of Biological Science, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University,461-6 Jeonmin, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea, and Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University,
| | - Ki-Bong Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim, Seoul 151-742, Korea, Marine Natural Products Laboratory, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan P.O. Box 29, Seoul 425-600, Korea, Department of Biological Science, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University,461-6 Jeonmin, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea, and Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University,
| | - Jongheon Shin
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Sillim, Seoul 151-742, Korea, Marine Natural Products Laboratory, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan P.O. Box 29, Seoul 425-600, Korea, Department of Biological Science, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University,461-6 Jeonmin, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-811, Korea, and Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University,
| |
Collapse
|