1
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Wang Z, Poveda A, Zhang Q, Unione L, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Jesús JB, Codée JDC. Total Synthesis and Structural Studies of Zwitterionic Bacteroides fragilis Polysaccharide A1 Fragments. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37310804 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPSs) are exceptional carbohydrates, carrying both positively charged amine groups and negatively charged carboxylates, that can be loaded onto MHC-II molecules to activate T cells. It remains enigmatic, however, how these polysaccharides bind to these receptors, and to understand the structural features responsible for this "peptide-like" behavior, well-defined ZPS fragments are required in sufficient quantity and quality. We here present the first total synthesis of Bacteroides fragilis PS A1 fragments encompassing up to 12 monosaccharides, representing three repeating units. Key to our successful syntheses has been the incorporation of a C-3,C-6-silylidene-bridged "ring-inverted" galactosamine building block that was designed to act as an apt nucleophile as well as a stereoselective glycosyl donor. Our stereoselective synthesis route is further characterized by a unique protecting group strategy, built on base-labile protecting groups, which has allowed the incorporation of an orthogonal alkyne functionalization handle. Detailed structural studies have revealed that the assembled oligosaccharides take up a bent structure, which translates into a left-handed helix for larger PS A1 polysaccharides, presenting the key positively charged amino groups to the outside of the helix. The availability of the fragments and the insight into their secondary structure will enable detailed interaction studies with binding proteins to unravel the mode of action of these unique oligosaccharides at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Ana Poveda
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Qingju Zhang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- National Research Centre for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Luca Unione
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jiménez-Barbero Jesús
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48162 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Dhara D, Bouchet M, Mulard LA. Scalable Synthesis of Versatile Rare Deoxyamino Sugar Building Blocks from d-Glucosamine. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37141399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the syntheses of 1,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-β-d-glucopyranose and allyl 2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-β-d-glucopyranoside from d-glucosamine hydrochloride. The potential of these two versatile scaffolds as key intermediates to a diversity of orthogonally protected rare deoxyamino hexopyranosides is exemplified in the context of fucosamine, quinovosamine, and bacillosamine. The critical C-6 deoxygenation step to 2,6-dideoxy aminosugars is performed at an early stage on a precursor featuring an imine moiety or a trifluoroacetamide moiety in place of the 2-amino group, respectively. Robustness and scalability are demonstrated for a combination of protecting groups and incremental chemical modifications that sheds light on the promise of the yet unreported allyl 2,6-dideoxy-2-N-trifluoroacetyl-β-d-glucopyranoside when addressing the feasibility of synthetic zwitterionic oligosaccharides. In particular, allyl 3-O-acetyl-4-azido-2,4,6-trideoxy-2-trifluoroacetamido-β-d-galactopyranoside, an advanced 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-d-galactopyranose building block, was achieved on the 30 g scale from 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine hydrochloride in 50% yield and nine steps, albeit only two chromatography purifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Dhara
- , Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS3523, Chemistry of Biomolecules Laboratory, 8 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marion Bouchet
- , Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS3523, Chemistry of Biomolecules Laboratory, 8 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurence A Mulard
- , Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS3523, Chemistry of Biomolecules Laboratory, 8 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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3
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Qin C, Li L, Tian G, Ding M, Zhu S, Song W, Hu J, Seeberger PH, Yin J. Chemical Synthesis and Antigenicity Evaluation of Shigella dysenteriae Serotype 10 O-Antigen Tetrasaccharide Containing a ( S)-4,6- O-Pyruvyl Ketal. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21068-21079. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunjun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Lingxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Guangzong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Meiru Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Shengyong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wuqiong Song
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
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4
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QIN CJ, DING MR, TIAN GZ, ZOU XP, FU JJ, HU J, YIN J. Chemical approaches towards installation of rare functional groups in bacterial surface glycans. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:401-420. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60177-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Zhang H, Wang X, Meng Y, Yang X, Zhao Q, Gao J. Total Synthesis of the Tetrasaccharide Haptens of Vibrio vulnificus MO6-24 and BO62316 and Immunological Evaluation of Their Protein Conjugates. JACS AU 2022; 2:97-108. [PMID: 35098226 PMCID: PMC8790746 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a human pathogen that can cause fatal septicemia and necrotizing infections with a high lethal rate exceeding 50%. V. vulnificus MO6-24 and BO62316 are two predominant virulent strains associated with approximately one-third of the clinical infections. The capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of V. vulnificus consist of several structurally unique sugars and are excellent targets for developing effective glycoconjugate vaccines. This article describes the first total synthesis of the challenging tetrasaccharide repeating units of V. vulnificus MO6-24 and BO62316 CPSs. A key feature of this synthesis was the assembly of the tetrasaccharide skeleton using a 3,4-branched trisaccharide as the glycosyl donor. A modified TEMPO/BAIB oxidation protocol was developed to directly convert α-d-GalN into α-d-GalAN in not only disaccharides but also tri- and tetrasaccharides. The synthetic haptens were covalently coupled with CRM197 carrier protein via a bifunctional linker. Preliminary immunological studies of the resultant glycoconjugates in mice revealed their high efficacy to induce robust T-cell-dependent immune responses, and the IgG antibodies elicited by each glycoconjugate showed weak cross-reactivity with the other synthetic tetrasaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- National Glycoengineering
Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation
of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Shandong
University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- National Glycoengineering
Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation
of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Shandong
University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Youhui Meng
- National Glycoengineering
Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation
of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Shandong
University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- National Glycoengineering
Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation
of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Shandong
University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Qingpeng Zhao
- National Glycoengineering
Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation
of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Shandong
University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jian Gao
- National Glycoengineering
Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
and Glycobiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation
of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Shandong
University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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6
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Marino C, Bordoni AV. Deoxy sugars. General methods for carbohydrate deoxygenation and glycosidation. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:934-962. [PMID: 35014646 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02001c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Deoxy sugars represent an important class of carbohydrates, present in a large number of biomolecules involved in multiple biological processes. In various antibiotics, antimicrobials, and therapeutic agents the presence of deoxygenated units has been recognized as responsible for biological roles, such as adhesion or great affinity to receptors, or improved efficacy. The characterization of glycosidases and glycosyltranferases requires substrates, inhibitors and analogous compounds. Deoxygenated sugars are useful for carrying out specific studies for these enzymes. Deoxy sugars, analogs of natural substrates, may behave as substrates or inhibitors, or may not interact with the enzyme. They are also important for glycodiversification studies of bioactive natural products and glycobiological processes, which could contribute to discovering new therapeutic agents with greater efficacy by modification or replacement of sugar units. Deoxygenation of carbohydrates is, thus, of great interest and numerous efforts have been dedicated to the development of methods for the reduction of sugar hydroxyl groups. Given that carbohydrates are the most important renewable chemicals and are more oxidized than fossil raw materials, it is also important to have methods to selectively remove oxygen from certain atoms of these renewable raw materials. The different methods for removal of OH groups of carbohydrates and representative or recent applications of them are presented in this chapter. Glycosidic bonds in general, and 2-deoxy glycosidic linkages, are included. It is not the scope of this survey to cover all reports for each specific technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Marino
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea V Bordoni
- Gerencia Química & Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología - Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Nguyen JM, Townsend SD. Total Synthesis of the Photorhabdus temperata ssp. Cinereal 3240 Zwitterionic Trisaccharide Repeating Unit. Org Lett 2021; 23:5922-5926. [PMID: 34314177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic carbohydrate modifications, such as phosphoethanolamine (PEtN), govern host-pathogen interactions. Whereas it is recognized that these modifications stimulate the host immune system, the purpose of PEtN modification remains largely descriptive. As an enabling step toward studying this carbohydrate modification, we report a synthesis of the P. temperata zwitterionic trisaccharide repeating unit. The 32-step synthesis was enabled by H-phosphonate chemistry to install the PEtN arm on a poorly reactive and sterically hindered C4-alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johny M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Steven D Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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8
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Pathan EK, Ghosh B, Podilapu AR, Kulkarni SS. Total Synthesis of the Repeating Unit of Bacteroides fragilis Zwitterionic Polysaccharide A1. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6090-6099. [PMID: 33843231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polysaccharides isolated from commensal bacteria are endowed with unique immunological properties and are emerging as immunotherapeutic agents as well as vaccine carriers. Reported herein is a total synthesis of the repeating unit of Bacteroides fragilis zwitterionic polysaccharide A1 (PS A1). The structurally complex tetrasaccharide unit contains a rare sugar 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-d-galactose (AAT) and two consecutive 1,2-cis glycosidic linkages. The repeating unit was efficiently assembled by rapid synthesis of d-galactosamine and AAT building blocks from cheap and abundant d-mannose via a one-pot SN2 displacement of 2,4-bistriflates and installation of all of the glycosidic bonds in a highly stereoselective manner. The total synthesis involves a longest linear sequence of 17 steps with 3.47% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ennus K Pathan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Bhaswati Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ananda Rao Podilapu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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9
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Wang P, Huo CX, Lang S, Caution K, Nick ST, Dubey P, Deora R, Huang X. Chemical Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of a Pentasaccharide Bearing Multiple Rare Sugars as a Potential Anti-pertussis Vaccine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6451-6458. [PMID: 31953912 PMCID: PMC7141973 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
With the infection rate of Bordetella pertussis at a 60-year high, there is an urgent need for new anti-pertussis vaccines. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of B. pertussis is an attractive antigen for vaccine development. With the presence of multiple rare sugars and unusual glycosyl linkages, the B. pertussis LPS is a highly challenging synthetic target. In this work, aided by molecular dynamics simulation and modeling, a pertussis-LPS-like pentasaccharide was chemically synthesized for the first time. The pentasaccharide was conjugated with a powerful carrier, bacteriophage Qβ, as a vaccine candidate. Immunization of mice with the conjugate induced robust anti-glycan IgG responses with IgG titers reaching several million enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) units. The antibodies generated were long lasting and boostable and could recognize multiple clinical strains of B. pertussis, highlighting the potential of Qβ-glycan as a new anti-pertussis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Chang-Xin Huo
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Shuyao Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kyle Caution
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Setare Tahmasebi Nick
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Purnima Dubey
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, 460 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, USA
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10
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Wang P, Huo C, Lang S, Caution K, Nick ST, Dubey P, Deora R, Huang X. Chemical Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of a Pentasaccharide Bearing Multiple Rare Sugars as a Potential Anti‐pertussis Vaccine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Chang‐xin Huo
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Shuyao Lang
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Kyle Caution
- Department of Microbial Infection and ImmunityThe Ohio State University 460 W 12th Ave Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Setare Tahmasebi Nick
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Purnima Dubey
- Department of Microbial Infection and ImmunityThe Ohio State University 460 W 12th Ave Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Department of Microbial Infection and ImmunityThe Ohio State University 460 W 12th Ave Columbus OH 43210 USA
- Department of MicrobiologyThe Ohio State University USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of ChemistryMichigan State University 578 South Shaw Lane East Lansing MI 48824 USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringMichigan State University USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and EngineeringMichigan State University USA
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11
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Manabe S, Ito Y. 1,2-cis-Selective Formation of a Unique Amino-Containing Amino Glycoside by Endocyclic Cleavage Strategy. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(f)101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Behera A, Kulkarni SS. Chemical Synthesis of Rare, Deoxy-Amino Sugars Containing Bacterial Glycoconjugates as Potential Vaccine Candidates. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081997. [PMID: 30103434 PMCID: PMC6222762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria often contain rare deoxy amino sugars which are absent in the host cells. This structural difference can be harnessed for the development of vaccines. Over the last fifteen years, remarkable progress has been made toward the development of novel and efficient protocols for obtaining the rare sugar building blocks and their stereoselective assembly to construct conjugation ready bacterial glycans. In this review, we discuss the total synthesis of a variety of rare sugar containing bacterial glycoconjugates which are potential vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archanamayee Behera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
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13
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Eradi P, Ghosh S, Andreana PR. Total Synthesis of Zwitterionic Tetrasaccharide Repeating Unit from Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285/NCTC 9343 Capsular Polysaccharide PS A1 with Alternating Charges on Adjacent Monosaccharides. Org Lett 2018; 20:4526-4530. [PMID: 30015493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The tetrasaccharide repeating unit of zwitterionic polysaccharide A1 (PS A1) from Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285/NCTC 9343 has been synthesized using a linear glycosylation approach. One key step includes an α(1,4)-stereoselective [2 + 1] glycosylation of a 2,4,6-trideoxy-2-acetamido-4-amino-d-Gal p (AAT) donor with a poorly reactive axial C4-OH disaccharide acceptor. Mild acid-mediated deacetylation and a challenging [3 + 1] glycosylation are also highlighted. The strategy is inclusive of a single-pot, three-step deprotection affording PS A1 with alternating charges on adjacent monosaccharide units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradheep Eradi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Samir Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Peter R Andreana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
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14
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Zhang Q, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Synthetic zwitterionic polysaccharides. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 40:95-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Chaudhury A, Ghosh R. A target oriented expeditious approach towards synthesis of certain bacterial rare sugar derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:1444-1452. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02670b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 3-step sequential one-pot protection profile manipulation on suitable d-glucosamine/d-mannose derivatives led to the diversity oriented synthesis of rare sugar derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rina Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata-700 032
- India
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16
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Ní Cheallaigh A, Oscarson S. Synthesis of building blocks for an iterative approach towards oligomers of the Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1 zwitterionic capsular polysaccharide repeating unit. CAN J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Zwitterionic capsular polysaccharide extracts, ∼8 kDa in mass, from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1 (Spt1) have shown unique T-cell activating properties. Oligomers of the trisaccharide repeating unit of the Spt1 capsular polysaccharide [→3)-4-NH2-α-d-QuipNAc-(1→4)-α-d-GalpA-(1→3)-α-d-GalpA-(1-]n of defined length are needed to further investigate this response. An approach towards iteratively extendable trisaccharide building blocks of the zwitterionic capsular polysaccharides of Spt1 is described. Key elements include the comparison of pre-glycosylation oxidation and post-glycosylation oxidation approaches using thioglycoside donors to the target trisaccharide, the optimisation of the post-glycosylation oxidation approach, and the conversion of the trisaccharide to building blocks tailored for iterative glycosylation. The construction and evaluation of stereotunable 2-N-3-O-oxazolidinone donors for the common bacterial 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-α-d-galactopyranoside motif is also described, as is a key intermediate for their efficient synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Ní Cheallaigh
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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17
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Emmadi M, Kulkarni SS. Total synthesis of the bacillosamine containing α-l-serine linked trisaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis. Carbohydr Res 2014; 399:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Emmadi M, Kulkarni SS. Recent advances in synthesis of bacterial rare sugar building blocks and their applications. Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:870-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00003j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This Highlight describes recent advances in the synthesis of the bacterial deoxy amino hexopyranoside building blocks and their application in constructing various biologically important bacterial O-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Emmadi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai, India
| | - Suvarn S. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai, India
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19
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Nokami T, Hayashi R, Saigusa Y, Shimizu A, Liu CY, Mong KKT, Yoshida JI. Automated solution-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides via iterative electrochemical assembly of thioglycosides. Org Lett 2013; 15:4520-3. [PMID: 23947618 DOI: 10.1021/ol402034g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A new iterative one-pot sequential method for the solution-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides has been devised on the basis of the electrochemical oxidation of a propagating thioglycoside terminus to generate the corresponding triflate, followed by the reaction with a thioglycoside building block having a free hydroxyl group. A practical automated synthesizer was developed for the method and was effectively used for assembling up to six thioglycoside building blocks to synthesize partial structures of poly-β-D-(1-6)-N-acetylglucosamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyoku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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20
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Tanaka H, Takeuchi R, Jimbo M, Kuniya N, Takahashi T. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the Forssman Antigen Pentasaccharide and Derivatives by a One-Pot Glycosylation Procedure. Chemistry 2013; 19:3177-87. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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21
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Emmadi M, Kulkarni SS. Orthogonally protected d-galactosamine thioglycoside building blocks via highly regioselective, double serial and double parallel inversions of β-d-thiomannoside. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4825-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40935j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Christina AE, Blas Ferrando VM, de Bordes F, Spruit WA, Overkleeft HS, Codée JDC, van der Marel GA. Multigram-scale synthesis of an orthogonally protected 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-galactose (AAT) building block. Carbohydr Res 2012; 356:282-7. [PMID: 22418093 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Reported is the gram-scale synthesis of tert-butyldiphenylsilyl 4-(N-benzyloxycarbonyl)-amino-2-azido-2,4,6-trideoxy-β-D-galactopyranoside, which represents an orthogonally protected 2,4-diamino-D-fucose building block, a common constituent of various zwitterionic polysaccharides. The building block has been synthesized from D-glucosamine in 19% overall yield over 14 steps, requiring 5 chromatographic purifications. The key step in the synthesis is the introduction of the C-4 amino substituent, which has been accomplished by a one-pot three step procedure, involving regioselective C-3-O-trichloroacetimidate formation, C-4-O-triflation, and intramolecular substitution. The building block can be used as an acceptor and is readily transformed into a donor glycoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Christina
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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23
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Bedini E, Cirillo L, Parrilli M. Synthesis of the trisaccharide outer core fragment of Burkholderia cepacia pv. vietnamiensis lipooligosaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2012; 349:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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24
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Design and synthesis of novel cell wall inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis GlmM and GlmU. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1714-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Christina AE, van den Bos LJ, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC. Galacturonic Acid Lactones in the Synthesis of All Trisaccharide Repeating Units of the Zwitterionic Polysaccharide Sp1. J Org Chem 2011; 76:1692-706. [DOI: 10.1021/jo102363d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alphert E. Christina
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert J. van den Bos
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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26
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Pragani R, Seeberger PH. Total synthesis of the Bacteroides fragilis zwitterionic polysaccharide A1 repeating unit. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 133:102-7. [PMID: 21142035 DOI: 10.1021/ja1087375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all bacteria capsular polysaccharides are T-cell-independent antigens that do not promote immunoglobulin class switching from IgM to IgG nor memory responses. In contrast, zwitterionic polysaccharides activate T-cell-dependent immune responses by major histocompatability complex class II presentation, a mechanism previously believed to be reserved for peptidic antigens. The best studied zwitterionic polysaccharide, polysaccharide A1 (PS A1) is found on the capsule of the commensal bacteria Bacteroides fragilis . Its potent immunomodulatory properties have been linked to postoperative intra-abdominal abscess formation. Here, we report the synthesis of the PS A1 tetrasaccharide repeating unit (2) as a tool to investigate the biological role of this polysaccharide. A modular synthetic strategy originating from the reducing end of the PS A1 repeating unit was unsuccessful and illustrated the limitations of glycosylation reactions between highly armed glycosylating agents and poor nucleophiles. Thus, a [3 + 1] glycosylation relying on trisaccharide 5 and pyruvalated galactose 6 was used to complete the first total synthesis of the PS A1 repeating unit (2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Pragani
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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27
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A novel glycosyl donor for synthesis of 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-α-d-galactopyranosides. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:2323-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Pedersen CM, Figueroa‐Perez I, Boruwa J, Lindner B, Ulmer AJ, Zähringer U, Schmidt RR. Synthesis of the Core Structure of the Lipoteichoic Acid ofStreptococcus pneumoniae. Chemistry 2010; 16:12627-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Marcus Pedersen
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach 725, 78457 Konstanz (Germany), Fax: (+49) 7531‐883135
| | - Ignacio Figueroa‐Perez
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach 725, 78457 Konstanz (Germany), Fax: (+49) 7531‐883135
| | - Joshodeep Boruwa
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach 725, 78457 Konstanz (Germany), Fax: (+49) 7531‐883135
| | - Buko Lindner
- Leibniz‐Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Parkallee 1‐40, 23845 Borstel (Germany)
| | - Artur J. Ulmer
- Leibniz‐Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Parkallee 1‐40, 23845 Borstel (Germany)
| | - Ulrich Zähringer
- Leibniz‐Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Parkallee 1‐40, 23845 Borstel (Germany)
| | - Richard R. Schmidt
- Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Fach 725, 78457 Konstanz (Germany), Fax: (+49) 7531‐883135
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29
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Pragani R, Stallforth P, Seeberger PH. De novo synthesis of a 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-galactose (AAT) building block for the preparation of a Bacteroides fragilis A1 polysaccharide fragment. Org Lett 2010; 12:1624-7. [PMID: 20196573 DOI: 10.1021/ol1003912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPSs) are potent T-cell activators that naturally occur on the cell surface of bacteria and show potential as immunostimulatory agents. An unusual, yet important component of many ZPSs is 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-galactose (AAT). AAT building block 2 was prepared via a de novo synthesis from N-Cbz-L-threonine 5. Furthermore, building block 2 was used to synthesize disaccharide 15 that constitutes a fragment of zwitterionic polysaccharide A1 (PS A1) found in Bacteroides fragilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Pragani
- Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Am Muhlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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30
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Abstract
The capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of most pathogenic bacteria are T cell-independent antigens whose conjugation to carrier proteins evokes a carbohydrate-specific response eliciting T cell help. However, certain bacterial CPSs, known as zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPSs), activate the adaptive immune system through processing by antigen-presenting cells and presentation by the major histocompatibility complex class II pathway to CD4(+) T cells. This discovery was the first mechanistic insight into how carbohydrates-a class of biological molecules previously thought to be T cell independent-can in fact activate T cells. Through their ability to activate CD4(+) T cells, ZPSs direct the cellular and physical maturation of the developing immune system. In this review, we explore the still-enigmatic relations between CPSs and the adaptive immune machinery at the cellular and molecular levels, and we discuss how new insights into the biological impact of ZPSs expand our concepts of the role of carbohydrates in microbial interactions with the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikri Y Avci
- Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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31
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Pedersen C, Figueroa-Perez I, Lindner B, Ulmer A, Zähringer U, Schmidt R. Total Synthesis of Lipoteichoic Acid ofStreptococcus pneumoniae. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:2585-90. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Wu X, Cui L, Lipinski T, Bundle D. Synthesis of Monomeric and Dimeric Repeating Units of the Zwitterionic Type 1 Capsular Polysaccharide fromStreptococcus pneumoniae. Chemistry 2010; 16:3476-88. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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33
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Pedersen C, Figueroa-Perez I, Lindner B, Ulmer A, Zähringer U, Schmidt R. Total Synthesis of Lipoteichoic Acid of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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Synthesis of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit of O-antigenic polysaccharide of Salmonella enteritidis by use of unique and odorless dodecyl thioglycosyl donors. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Comegna D, Bedini E, Parrilli M. A new, improved synthesis of the trisaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen from Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 8004. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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