Palladium-catalyzed amination in the synthesis of macrocycles comprising cholane, polyamine and pyridine units

Recent achievements in copper catalysis for C–N bond formation

A mini-review describes the development of the catalysis by Cu(I) complexes aimed at the formation of C–N bond at the Lomonosov MSU during 2010s. The main approach employs the amination of aryl and heteroaryl halides with the amines and polyamines, in this direction a great versatility of starting compounds was achieved: adamantane-containing amines, linear diamines, oxadiamines and polyamines, various aryl iodides and bromides, derivatives of pyridine, and quinoline were used for this purpose. In more peculiar cases, the copper catalysis was used for steroids transformations, including vinylation of azoles, wide-spread “click” reactions for the conjugate syntheses, and successful heterogenezation of the copper catalysts were also undertaken.

Synthesis of polymacrocyclic compounds via Pd-catalyzed amination and evaluation of their derivatives as metal detectors

A mini-review is dedicated to the application of Pd(0)-catalyzed amination reactions for the synthesis of polymacrocyclic compounds of various architectures. Such molecules comprise diazacrown ether moieties or structural fragments of tri- and tetraazamacrocycles, polyamine or polyoxadiamine chains of different length and aromatic spacers. Polymacrocyclic compounds thus formed possess an increased number of coordination sites and are suitable for testing as potential receptors of metal cations. Some of these macrocyclic compounds were decorated with the exocyclic dansyl fluorophore group or were coupled with porphyrin units to form polymacrocyclic conjugates. Fluorescent spectra of these compounds were studied in the presence of various metal perchlorates and several macrocycles were found to act as chemosensors or molecular probes for such cations like Cu(II), Al(III), Cr(III).

Pd- and Cu-catalyzed approaches in the syntheses of new cholane aminoanthraquinone pincer-like ligands

Cu- and Pd-catalyzed arylation of aminocholanes has been described for the first time. While this Cu-catalyzed protocol provides high yields in reactions of aminocholanes with iodoarenes, Pd catalysis was found to be preferable for the reactions of aminocholanes with dichloroanthraquinones. UV-vis titration of bis(cholanylamino)anthraquinones with a series of cations demonstrated their high binding affinity to Cu²⁺, Al³⁺, and Cr³⁺.

Oxaazamacrocycles incorporating the quinoline moiety: synthesis and the study of their binding properties towards metal cations

Nitrogen- and oxygen-containing macrocycles with an endocyclic quinoline moiety synthesized via Pd(0)-catalyzed amination were found to be prospective fluorescent chemosensors for Cu(ii).