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Sieste S, Lifincev I, Stein N, Wagner G. Synthesis, characterisation and in vitro cytotoxicity of mixed ligand Pt(ii) oxadiazoline complexes with hexamethylenetetramine and 7-nitro-1,3,5-triazaadamantane. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12226-12238. [PMID: 28875218 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02406a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
trans-Platinum(ii) oxadiazoline complexes with 7-nitro-1,3,5-triazaadamantane (NO2-TAA) or hexamethylenetetramine (hmta) ligands have been synthesised from trans-[PtCl2(PhCN)2] via cycloaddition of nitrones to one of the coordinated nitriles, followed by exchange of the other nitrile by NO2-TAA or hmta. Stoichiometric control allows for the selective synthesis of mono- and dinuclear complexes where 7-NO2TAA and hmta act as mono- and bidentate ligands, respectively. Precursors and the target complexes trans-[PtCl2(hmta)(oxadiazoline)], trans-[PtCl2(NO2-TAA)(oxadiazoline)] and trans-[{PtCl2(oxadiazoline)}2(hmta)] were characterised by elemental analysis, IR and multinuclear (1H, 13C, 195Pt) NMR spectroscopy. DFT (B3LYP/6-31G*/LANL08) and AIM calculations suggest a stronger bonding of hmta with the [PtCl2(oxadiazoline)] fragment, in agreement with the experimentally observed reactivity in the ligand exchange (hmta > 7-NO2TAA). Replacement of the nitrile by hmta is predicted to be more exothermic than that with 7-NO2-TAA, although the activation barriers are similar. Protonation of the non-coordinated N atoms is anticipated to weaken the Pt-N bond and lower the activation barrier for ligand exchange. This effect might help activate these compounds in a slightly acidic environment such as some tumour tissues. Ten of the new compounds were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity in the human cancer cell lines HeLa and A549. Some of the mononuclear complexes are more potent than cisplatin, and their activity is still high in A549 where cisplatin shows little effect. The dinuclear complexes are inactive, presumably due to their lipophilicity and reduced solubility in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Sieste
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Irina Lifincev
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Nina Stein
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gabriele Wagner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany and Department of Natural Sciences, University of Chester, Thornton Science Park, Pool Lane, Ince, Chester, CH2 4NU, UK.
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Melekhova AA, Smirnov AS, Novikov AS, Panikorovskii TL, Bokach NA, Kukushkin VY. Copper(I)-Catalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Ketonitrones to Dialkylcyanamides: A Step toward Sustainable Generation of 2,3-Dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:1380-1391. [PMID: 31457510 PMCID: PMC6641119 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
CuI-catalyzed cycloaddition (CA) of the ketonitrones, Ph2C=N+(R')O- (R' = Me, CH2Ph), to the disubstituted cyanamides, NCNR2 (R = Me2, Et2, (CH2)4, (CH2)5, (CH2)4O, C9H10, (CH2Ph)2, Ph(Me)), gives the corresponding 5-amino-substituted 2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles (15 examples) in good to moderate yields. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions (CH2Cl2, RT or 45 °C) and requires 10 mol % of [Cu(NCMe)4](BF4) as the catalyst. The somewhat reduced yields are due to the individual properties of 2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles, which easily undergo ring opening via N-O bond splitting. Results of density functional theory calculations reveal that the CA of ketonitrones to CuI-bound cyanamides is a concerted process, and the copper-catalyzed reaction is controlled by the predominant contribution of the HOMOdipole-LUMOdipolarophile interaction (group I by Sustmann's classification). The metal-involving process is much more asynchronous and profitable from both kinetic and thermodynamic viewpoints than the hypothetical metal-free reaction.
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Metal-involving generation of aminoheterocycles from N-substituted cyanamides: Toward sustainable chemistry (a Minireview). Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Maiuolo L, De Nino A, Merino P, Russo B, Stabile G, Nardi M, D’Agostino N, Bernardi T. Rapid, efficient and solvent free microwave mediated synthesis of aldo- and ketonitrones. ARAB J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Smirnov AS, Yandanova ES, Bokach NA, Starova GL, Gurzhiy VV, Avdontceva MS, Zolotarev AA, Kukushkin VY. Zinc(ii)-mediated generation of 5-amino substituted 2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles and their further ZnII-catalyzed and O2-involving transformations. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
ZnII-activated cyanamides NCNR2 react with the acyclic N-alkyl ketonitrones Ph2CN+(O−)R′ achieving uncomplexed 2,3-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Saint Petersburg State University
- 199034 Saint Petersburg
- Russia
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences
- 199004 Saint Petersburg
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Regio- and stereoselectivity of polar [2+3] cycloaddition reactions between (Z)-C-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-N-methylnitrone and selected (E)-2-substituted nitroethenes. OPEN CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-014-0518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract[2+3] Cycloaddition reactions of the highly reactive (Z)-C-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-N-methylnitrone with (E)-2-R-nitroethenes proceed under mild conditions and yield mixtures of stereoisomeric 2-methyl-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4-nitro-5-R-isoxazolidines. The effect of regiospecificity of the cycloadditions may be accounted for by the theory of electrophilicity indexes. Stereoselectivity, however, is determined by a compilation of steric and secondary orbital effects.
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Novikov AS, Kuznetsov ML, Pombeiro AJL. Theory of the Formation and Decomposition of N-Heterocyclic Aminooxycarbenes through Metal-Assisted [2+3]-Dipolar Cycloaddition/Retro-Cycloaddition. Chemistry 2013; 19:2874-88. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of nitrone-type dipoles to uncomplexed and metal-bound substrates bearing the CN triple bond. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bokach NA, Balova IA, Haukka M, Kukushkin VY. Highly Stereoselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrones to (Nitrile)2PtII Species Furnishing Diastereomerically Pure 2,3-Dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazole Ligands. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om100957b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda A. Bokach
- Department of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
| | - Irina A. Balova
- Department of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Department of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, V.O. Bolshoi Pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Wagner G, Marchant A, Sayer J. Design, synthesis, characterisation and chemical reactivity of mixed-ligand platinum(II) oxadiazoline complexes with potential cytotoxic properties. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:7747-59. [PMID: 20657943 DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00360c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of mixed ligand platinum(II) oxadiazoline complexes bearing 7-nitro-1,3,5-triazaadamantane (7-NO(2)TAA) as a labile and reactive nitrogen ligand has been synthesised from easily accessible starting materials. [2+3] cycloaddition of nitrones R(1)R(2)C-N(+)(Me)O(-) to only one of the nitrile ligands in trans-[PtX(2)(PhCN)(2)] (X = Cl, Br) results in the selective formation of mono-oxadiazoline complexes trans-[PtX(2)(PhCN){N=C(Ph)-O-N(Me)-CR(1)R(2)}] from which the remaining nitrile can be replaced by 7-NO(2)TAA. The resulting complexes trans-[PtX(2)(7-NO(2)TAA) {N=C(Ph)-O-N(Me)-CR(1)R(2)}] and their precursors were characterised by elemental analysis, IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy.The suitability of the target complexes as anticancer agents was extrapolated from their general chemical reactivity. They are stable in DMSO, but react with thiols and undergo aquation of a chloro ligand. In the absence of a competing ligand, the coordinated 7-NO(2)TAA ligand slowly hydrolyses in an aqueous medium under release of formaldehyde, and this could induce bioactivity independent of the one typically found with platinum compounds. With nitrogen heterocycles such as pyridine a slow exchange of the 7-NO(2)TAA ligand occurs. A combined DFT/AIM study confirms the reaction observed in the experiment and predicts that other nitrogen heterocycles such as DNA nucleobases should react in the same way. Moreover, the 7-NO(2)TAA should be even more labile in an aqueous medium where protonation of the remaining amines can occur. A PM6 molecular modelling study suggests that the PtCl(oxadiazoline) fragment formed after release of one chloro and the labile 7-NO(2)TAA ligand fits well into the DNA groove and is able to form d(GpG) intrastrand crosslinks similar to the ones observed with cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Wagner
- Solid State Chemistry, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstr. 1, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany.
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Sarju J, Arbour J, Sayer J, Rohrmoser B, Scherer W, Wagner G. Synthesis and characterisation of mixed ligand Pt(ii) and Pt(iv) oxadiazoline complexes. Dalton Trans 2008:5302-12. [DOI: 10.1039/b807410k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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