1
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Desai SP, Yatzoglou G, Turner JA, Taylor MS. Boronic Acid-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective N-Glycosylations of Purines and Other Azole Heterocycles: Access to Nucleoside Analogues. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4973-4984. [PMID: 38330907 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In the presence of an arylboronic acid catalyst, azole-type heterocycles, including purines, tetrazoles, triazoles, indazoles, and benzo-fused congeners, undergo regio- and stereoselective N-glycosylations with furanosyl and pyranosyl trichloroacetimidate donors. The protocol, which does not require stoichiometric activators, specialized leaving groups, or drying agents, provides access to nucleoside analogues and enables late-stage N-glycosylation of azole-containing pharmaceutical agents. A mechanism involving simultaneous activation of the glycosyl donor and acceptor by the organoboron catalyst has been proposed, supported by kinetic analysis and computational modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey P Desai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Giorgos Yatzoglou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Julia A Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark S Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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2
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Liu R, Chen Y, Zheng J, Zhang L, Xu T, Xu P, Yang Y. Synthesis of Nucleosides and Deoxynucleosides via Gold(I)-Catalyzed N-Glycosylation of Glycosyl ( Z)-Ynenoates. Org Lett 2022; 24:9479-9484. [PMID: 36524759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues are widely used as anticancer and antiviral drugs. Here, we develop a highly efficient gold(I)-catalyzed N-glycosylation approach for versatile synthesis of various types of nucleosides and deoxynucleosides with glycosyl (Z)-ynenoates as donors. The wide scope of the N-glycosylation approach was demonstrated by the synthesis of 31 pyrimidine nucleosides and 8 purine nucleosides. Remarkably, the gold(I)-catalyzed N-glycosylation of pyranosyl (Z)-ynenoates with purines was found to be very effective for regioselective synthesis of pyranosyl N9 purine nucleosides. Based on the catalytic N-glycosylation approach, convenient synthesis of two 5'-deoxynucleosides drugs (capecitabine and galocitabine), four 2'-deoxynucleoside drugs (floxuridine, trifluridine, decitabine and cladribine), four 3',5'-dideoxynucleoside analogues, and four 2',5'-dideoxynucleoside analogues was achieved in a collective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkun Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jibin Zheng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lvfeng Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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3
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Kar SS, Nanda NP, Ravichandiran V, Swain SP. Silane promoted glycosylation and its applications for synthesis of sugar compounds and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04192h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Silane promoted glycosylation and its applications for preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhartha Sankar Kar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy & Technology, Salipur, Cuttack, 754202, Odisha, India
| | - Nrusingha Prasad Nanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy & Technology, Salipur, Cuttack, 754202, Odisha, India
| | - V. Ravichandiran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Sharada Prasanna Swain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, India
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4
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Wang H, Zhong YY, Xiao YC, Chen FE. Chemical and chemoenzymatic stereoselective synthesis of β-nucleosides and their analogues. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01936h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
β-Nucleosides are fundamental building blocks of biological systems that are widely used as therapeutic agents for treating cancer and viral infections among others. In the last two years, nucleoside analogues...
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5
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Fu J, Xu P, Yu B. Total Synthesis of Nucleoside Antibiotics Amicetin, Plicacetin, and Cytosaminomycin A—D. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub‐lane Xiangshan Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub‐lane Xiangshan Hangzhou Zhejiang 310024 China
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6
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Liu R, Hua Q, Lou Q, Wang J, Li X, Ma Z, Yang Y. NIS/TMSOTf-Promoted Glycosidation of Glycosyl ortho-Hexynylbenzoates for Versatile Synthesis of O-Glycosides and Nucleosides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4763-4778. [PMID: 33689328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycosidation plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of O-glycosides and nucleosides that mediate a diverse range of biological processes. However, efficient glycosidation approach for the synthesis of both O-glycosides and nucleosides remains challenging in terms of glycosidation yields, mild reaction conditions, readily available glycosyl donors, and cheap promoters. Here, we report a versatile N-iodosuccinimide/trimethylsilyl triflate (NIS/TMSOTf)-promoted glycosidation approach with glycosyl ortho-hexynylbenzoates as donors for the highly efficient synthesis of O-glycosides and nucleosides. The glycosidation approach highlights the merits of mild reaction conditions, cheap promoters, extremely wide substrate scope, and good to excellent yields. Notably, the glycosidation approach performs very well in the construction of a series of challenging O- and N-glycosidic linkages. The glycosidation approach is then applied to the efficient synthesis of oligosaccharides via the one-pot strategy and the stepwise strategy. On the basis of the isolation and characterization of the departure species derived from the leaving group, a plausible mechanism of NIS/TMSOTf-promoted glycosidation of glycosyl ortho-hexynylbenzoates is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qingting Hua
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qixin Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiazhe Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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7
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Li P, He H, Xu L, Huang Y, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Yang R, Xiao G. Ortho-(1-phenylvinyl)benzyl glycosides: Ether-type glycosyl donors for the efficient synthesis of both O-glycosides and nucleosides. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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8
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Gong Y, Chen L, Zhang W, Salter R. Transglycosylation in the Modification and Isotope Labeling of Pyrimidine Nucleosides. Org Lett 2020; 22:5577-5581. [PMID: 32628494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transglycosylation of pyrimidine nucleosides is demonstrated in a one-pot synthesis of uridine derivatives under microwave irradiation. Inductive activation of 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl uridine with a 5-nitro group produces a more-reactive glycosyl donor. Under optimized Vorbrüggen conditions, the 5-nitrouridine facilitates a reversible nucleobase exchange with a series of 5-substituted uracils. The protocol is also exemplified in a gram-scale reaction under thermal heating. The strategy provides easy access to isotopically labeled uridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gong
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Lu Chen
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Rhys Salter
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
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9
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Li P, He H, Zhang Y, Yang R, Xu L, Chen Z, Huang Y, Bao L, Xiao G. Glycosyl ortho-(1-phenylvinyl)benzoates versatile glycosyl donors for highly efficient synthesis of both O-glycosides and nucleosides. Nat Commun 2020; 11:405. [PMID: 31964883 PMCID: PMC6972911 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Both of O-glycosides and nucleosides are important biomolecules with crucial rules in numerous biological processes. Chemical synthesis is an efficient and scalable method to produce well-defined and pure carbohydrate-containing molecules for deciphering their functions and developing therapeutic agents. However, the development of glycosylation methods for efficient synthesis of both O-glycosides and nucleosides is one of the long-standing challenges in chemistry. Here, we report a highly efficient and versatile glycosylation method for efficient synthesis of both O-glycosides and nucleosides, which uses glycosyl ortho-(1-phenylvinyl)benzoates as donors. This glycosylation protocol enjoys the various features, including readily prepared and stable donors, cheap and readily available promoters, mild reaction conditions, good to excellent yields, and broad substrate scopes. In particular, the applications of the current glycosylation protocol are demonstrated by one-pot synthesis of several bioactive oligosaccharides and highly efficient synthesis of nucleosides drugs capecitabine, galocitabine and doxifluridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Haiqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yunqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Lili Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zixi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Limei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
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10
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Stathi A, Mamais M, Chrysina ED, Gimisis T. Anomeric Spironucleosides of β-d-Glucopyranosyl Uracil as Potential Inhibitors of Glycogen Phosphorylase. Molecules 2019; 24:E2327. [PMID: 31242546 PMCID: PMC6630470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the case of type 2 diabetes, inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) may prevent unwanted glycogenolysis under high glucose conditions and thus aim at the reduction of excessive glucose production by the liver. Anomeric spironucleosides, such as hydantocidin, present a rich synthetic chemistry and important biological function (e.g., inhibition of GP). For this study, the Suárez radical methodology was successfully applied to synthesize the first example of a 1,6-dioxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane system, not previously constructed via a radical pathway, starting from 6-hydroxymethyl-β-d-glucopyranosyluracil. It was shown that, in the rigid pyranosyl conformation, the required [1,5]-radical translocation was a minor process. The stereochemistry of the spirocycles obtained was unequivocally determined based on the chemical shifts of key sugar protons in the 1H-NMR spectra. The two spirocycles were found to be modest inhibitors of RMGPb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggeliki Stathi
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10571 Athens, Greece.
| | - Michael Mamais
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10571 Athens, Greece.
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Evangelia D Chrysina
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Thanasis Gimisis
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10571 Athens, Greece.
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11
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Modulation of the stereoselectivity and reactivity of glycosylation via ( p -Tol) 2 SO/Tf 2 O preactivation strategy: From O -, C -sialylation to general O -, N -glycosylation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Liang C, Ju W, Ding S, Sun H, Mao G. Effective Synthesis of Nucleosides Utilizing O-Acetyl-Glycosyl Chlorides as Glycosyl Donors in the Absence of Catalyst: Mechanism Revision and Application to Silyl-Hilbert-Johnson Reaction. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22010084. [PMID: 28067759 PMCID: PMC6155650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective synthesis of nucleosides using glycosyl chlorides as glycosyl donors in the absence of Lewis acid has been developed. Glycosyl chlorides have been shown to be pivotal intermediates in the classical silyl-Hilbert-Johnson reaction. A possible mechanism that differs from the currently accepted mechanism advanced by Vorbrueggen has been proposed and verified by experiments. In practice, this catalyst-free method provides easy access to Capecitabine in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Liang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, 6 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Weihui Ju
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, 6 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Shunjun Ding
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, 6 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Han Sun
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, 6 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Gennian Mao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, 6 Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China.
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13
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Rao BV, Manmode S, Hotha S. Propargyl 1,2-Orthoesters for a Catalytic and Stereoselective Synthesis of Pyrimidine Nucleosides. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1499-505. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502413z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Boddu Venkateswara Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Pune 411 021, India
| | - Sujit Manmode
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Pune 411 021, India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research, Pune 411 021, India
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14
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Xiong DC, Yang AQ, Yu Y, Ye XS. 2-Pyridyl glycoside: an alternative glycosyl donor in preactivation protocol. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Liu GJ, Zhang XT, Xing GW. A general method for N-glycosylation of nucleobases promoted by (p-Tol)2SO/Tf2O with thioglycoside as donor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12803-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03617h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
35 nucleosides were synthesized by coupling thioglycosides with pyrimidines and purines under the preactivation of (p-Tol)2SO/Tf2O in high yields and with β-stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-jian Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Xiao-tai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
| | - Guo-wen Xing
- Department of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- China
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16
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Synthesis of modified pyrimidine nucleosides via Vorbrüggen-type N-glycosylation catalyzed by 2-methyl-5-phenylbenzoxazolium perchlorate. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Saladino R, Botta G, Pino S, Costanzo G, Di Mauro E. Genetics first or metabolism first? The formamide clue. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5526-65. [PMID: 22684046 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Life is made of the intimate interaction of metabolism and genetics, both built around the chemistry of the most common elements of the Universe (hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon). The transmissible interaction of metabolic and genetic cycles results in the hypercycles of organization and de-organization of chemical information, of living and non-living. The origin-of-life quest has long been split into several attitudes exemplified by the aphorisms "genetics-first" or "metabolism-first". Recently, the opposition between these approaches has been solved by more unitary theoretical and experimental frames taking into account energetic, evolutionary, proto-metabolic and environmental aspects. Nevertheless, a unitary and simple chemical frame is still needed that could afford both the precursors of the synthetic pathways eventually leading to RNA and to the key components of the central metabolic cycles, possibly connected with the synthesis of fatty acids. In order to approach the problem of the origin of life it is therefore reasonable to start from the assumption that both metabolism and genetics had a common origin, shared a common chemical frame, and were embedded under physical-chemical conditions favourable for the onset of both. The singleness of such a prebiotically productive chemical process would partake of Darwinian advantages over more complex fragmentary chemical systems. The prebiotic chemistry of formamide affords in a single and simple physical-chemical frame nucleic bases, acyclonucleosides, nucleotides, biogenic carboxylic acids, sugars, amino sugars, amino acids and condensing agents. Thus, we suggest the possibility that formamide could have jointly provided the main components for the onset of both (pre)genetic and (pre)metabolic processes. As a note of caution, we discuss the fact that these observations only indicate possible solutions at the level of organic substrates, not at the systemic chemical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Saladino
- Dipartimento di Agrobiologia ed Agrochimica, Università della Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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18
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Zhang Q, Sun J, Zhu Y, Zhang F, Yu B. An Efficient Approach to the Synthesis of Nucleosides: Gold(I)-Catalyzed N-Glycosylation of Pyrimidines and Purines with Glycosyl ortho-Alkynyl Benzoates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Zhang Q, Sun J, Zhu Y, Zhang F, Yu B. An Efficient Approach to the Synthesis of Nucleosides: Gold(I)-Catalyzed N-Glycosylation of Pyrimidines and Purines with Glycosyl ortho-Alkynyl Benzoates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:4933-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Highly chemo- and stereoselective glycosidation of permethacrylated O-glycosyl trichloroacetimidate reagents promoted by TMSNTf2. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Yu B, Sun J. Glycosylation with glycosyl N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidates (PTFAI) and a perspective of the future development of new glycosylation methods. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:4668-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00563k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Liao J, Sun J, Yu B. An improved procedure for nucleoside synthesis using glycosyl trifluoroacetimidates as donors. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1034-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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