Achieving functional group diversity in parallel synthesis: solution-phase synthesis of a library of ureas, carbamates, thiocarbamates, and amides using carbamoylimidazolium salts

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Novel Fungicides Containing a 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoline Scaffold and Acting as Laccase Inhibitors

Laccase is a novel target for fungicides. We previously developed a new fungicide, 4-chlorocinnamaldehyde thiosemicarbazide (PMDD-5Y), as a laccase inhibitor. The introduction of active groups of natural products into the framework of a pesticide molecular structure is an effective method for discovering active lead compounds, and it has applications in the discovery of new pesticides. In this work, PMDD-5Y was selected as a lead compound, and we designed and synthesized a series of novel sulfonyl hydrazide derivatives containing the natural product scaffold 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline. The new compounds had antifungal activities against several fungi, especially Valsa mali and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. One compound (4bl) displayed very good in vitro activity against S. sclerotiorum and V. mali, with EC₅₀ values of 3.32 and 2.78 μg/mL, respectively. The results of an enzyme activity assay showed that 4bh had the best inhibitory activity against laccase, with an EC₅₀ value of 14.85 μg/mL. This was more active than the lead compound PMDD-5Y and the positive control cysteine. Using a molecular docking method, we studied the binding mode of the title compounds with laccase. The structural features of these new laccase inhibitors as fungicides will advance research and impact the field of discovering more potent fungicides to control diseases in agriculture.

Access to N-Carbonyl Derivatives of Iminosydnones by Carbonylimidazolium Activation

A new methodology for N-exocyclic functionalization of iminosydnones was developed involving the addition of a large variety of nucleophiles on carbonyl-imidazolium-activated iminosydnones. This practical and highly versatile method provided access to new classes of iminosydnones and opened a straightforward synthetic route to prepare iminosydnone-based prodrugs.

Palladium-catalyzed cascade reactions of alkene-tethered carbamoyl chlorides with N-tosyl hydrazones: synthesis of alkene-functionalized oxindoles

An efficient approach for the construction of alkene-functionalized oxindoles was developed via palladium-catalyzed cascade reactions of alkene-tethered carbamoyl chlorides with N-tosyl hydrazones.

Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Stemming from Castor Oil: Green Synthesis and Their Application in Wood Bonding

We report an efficient and green approach to synthesize a linear castor oil-based polyurethane (CPU) without using any solvent or catalyst. Diol monomers were first synthesized by the aminolysis reaction between castor oil and diamines; this was accomplished within 6 h at 130 °C. Polymerization of the diols and isocyanate was further confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and gel permeation chromatography analyses. The resultant CPUs showed a good thermal stability with an initial degradation temperature higher than 300 °C, and their mechanical and wood bonding property can be modulated by the structures of diamine. In addition, the CPUs possessed a satisfying water resistance property with the water absorption amount lower than 2%. The green conversion of castor oil to thermoplastic polyurethane affords new opportunities in bio-based industries.

Novel reactive PEG for amino group conjugation

Activated mPEG carbonates are important reagents that have been widely used for the PEGylation of several peptides and proteins by means of stable urethane linkages.

Method for the synthesis of N-alkyl-O-alkyl carbamates

Simple three step method for the synthesis of N-alkyl, O-alkyl carbamates.