1
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Clark KF, Tyerman S, Evans L, Robertson CM, Murphy JA. An assay for aryl radicals using BHAS coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1018-1022. [PMID: 38197449 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01743e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Aryl radicals are intermediates in many reactions, but determining their presence unambiguously is often challenging. As we recently reported, reaction of 2-iodo-1,3-dimethylbenzene (7) in benzene with KOtBu and a suitable organic additive, leads to a base-induced homolytic aromatic substitution (BHAS) coupling reaction giving 2,6-dimethylbiphenyl (12) and biphenyl (3) as coupled products, together with xylene (13). In this case, biphenyl arises from a radical translocation and is the major coupling product. This paper now quantitatively investigates that reaction, which shows a very similar ratio for 3 : 12 [ca. 4 : 1] when using different sources of radical initiation. Deuterium isotope studies provide detailed mechanistic support for the proposed mechanism; when carried out in C6D6vs. C6H6, the reaction is characterised by a strong isotope effect for formation of 3-d10vs. 3, but not for formation of 12-d5vs. 12. These distinctive properties mean that the transformation can act as an assay for aryl radicals. An advantage of such a BHAS process is its sensitivity, since it involves a chain reaction that can amplify radical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth F Clark
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Seb Tyerman
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Laura Evans
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Craig M Robertson
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, UK
| | - John A Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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2
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Wu M, Lian N, Wu C, Wu X, Chen H, Lin C, Zhou S, Ke F. Metal-free visible-induced C(sp 2)-C(sp 2) coupling of quinoxalin-2( H)-ones via oxidative cleavage of the C-N bond. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18328-18331. [PMID: 37333794 PMCID: PMC10274563 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03479h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A C(sp2)-C(sp2) reaction between aromatic hydrazines and quinoxalines has been developed through a photocatalytic system. The protocol is established for C(sp2)-N bond cleavage and direct C(sp2)-H functionalization for the coupling of C(sp2)-C(sp2) via photocatalysis under mild and ideal air conditions without the presence of a strong base and metal. The mechanistic studies reveal that the generation of a benzene radical via the oxidative cleavage of aromatic hydrazines for the cross-coupling of C(sp2)-C(sp2) with the assistance of a photocatalyst is essential. The process exhibits excellent compatibility with functional groups and provides convenient access to various 3-arylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wu
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350122 China
| | - Nancheng Lian
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350005 China
| | - Cuimin Wu
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350122 China
| | - Xinyao Wu
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350122 China
| | - Houzheng Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350122 China
| | - Chen Lin
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350122 China
| | - Sunying Zhou
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350122 China
| | - Fang Ke
- Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350122 China
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3
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De Novo Synthesis of Polysubstituted 3-Hydroxypyridines Via “Anti-Wacker”-Type Cyclization. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We report an efficient method to prepare polysubstituted 3-hydroxypyridines from amino acids, propargyl alcohols, and arylboronic acids. The process involves Pd(0)-catalyzed anti-selective arylative cyclizations of N-propargyl-N-tosyl-aminoaldehydes with arylboronic acids (“anti-Wacker”-type cyclization), oxidation of the resulting 5-substituted-3-hydroxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines to 3-oxo derivatives, and elimination of p-toluenesulfinic acid. This method provides diverse polysubstituted 3-hydroxypyridines, whose hydroxy group can be further substituted by a cross-coupling reaction via a triflate.
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4
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Saritha R, Annes SB, Perumal K, Veerappan A, Ramesh S. Oxidative Coupling of Phenylhydrazine Hydrochloride With 2
H
‐Indazole Derivatives Using Visible Light Activation of Carbazole Based Organophotocatalyst. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendhiran Saritha
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613401 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sesuraj Babiola Annes
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613401 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Karuppaiah Perumal
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613401 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Anbazhagan Veerappan
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613401 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Subburethinam Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613401 Tamil Nadu India
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5
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Cao Y, Shih WC, Bhuvanesh N, Zhou J, Ozerov OV. Cooperative C-H activation of pyridine by PBP complexes of Rh and Ir can lead to bridging 2-pyridyls with different connectivity to the B-M unit. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14167-14173. [PMID: 34760201 PMCID: PMC8565379 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01850g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridine and quinoline undergo selective C–H activation in the 2-position with Rh and Ir complexes of a boryl/bis(phosphine) PBP pincer ligand, resulting in a 2-pyridyl bridging the transition metal and the boron center. Examination of this reactivity with Rh and Ir complexes carrying different non-pincer ligands on the transition metal led to the realization of the possible isomerism derived from the 2-pyridyl fragment connecting either via B–N/C–M bonds or via B–C/N–M bonds. This M–C/M–N isomerism was systematically examined for four structural types. Each of these types has a defined set of ligands on Rh/Ir besides 2-pyridyl and PBP. A pair of M–C/M–N isomers for each type was computationally examined for Rh and for Ir, totaling 16 compounds. Several of these compounds were isolated or observed in solution by experimental methods, in addition to a few 2-quinolyl variants. The DFT predictions concerning the thermodynamic preference within each M–C/M–N isomeric match the experimental findings very well. In two cases where DFT predicts <2 kcal mol−1 difference in free energy, both isomers were experimentally observed in solution. Analysis of the structural data, of the relevant Wiberg bond indices, and of the ETS-NOCV partitioning of the interaction of the 2-pyridyl fragment with the rest of the molecule points to the strength of the M–C(pyridyl) bond as the dominant parameter determining the relative M–C/M–N isomer favorability. This M–C bond is always stronger for the analogous Ir vs. Rh compounds, but the nature of the ligand trans to it has a significant influence, as well. DFT calculations were used to evaluate the mechanism of isomerization for one of the molecule types. The thermodynamic preference between two isomeric products of C–H activation of pyridine, with 2-pyridyl bridging boron and iridium or rhodium, primarily depends on the M–C bond strength.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station Texas 77842 USA
| | - Wei-Chun Shih
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station Texas 77842 USA
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station Texas 77842 USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China
| | - Oleg V Ozerov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University 3255 TAMU College Station Texas 77842 USA
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6
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Iqbal M, Lu L, Mehmood H, Hua R. Biaryl Formation via Base-Promoted Direct Coupling Reactions of Arenes with Aryl Halides. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15981-15987. [PMID: 34179643 PMCID: PMC8223439 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of ligand, Cs2CO3-promoted cross-coupling reaction of arenes with cyano-/nitro-substituted aryl halides in DMSO affording biaryls is reported. The cyano/nitro group in biaryls is useful and convenient for further transformation. The formation of dibenzofurans resulting from the reactions between arenes and 1-bromo-2-iodobenzene is also reported. On the basis of control experiments and theoretical studies, a radical mechanism is proposed for the formation of biaryls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Asif Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics
& Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of
Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Le Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics
& Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of
Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hina Mehmood
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics
& Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of
Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruimao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics
& Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of
Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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7
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Silva RC, Villela LF, Brocksom TJ, de Oliveira KT. Direct C-H photoarylation of diazines using aryldiazonium salts and visible-light. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31115-31122. [PMID: 35520669 PMCID: PMC9056432 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06876d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, direct C–H photoarylation of pyrazine with aryldiazonium salts under visible-light irradiation (blue-LEDs) is described, and additional examples including photoarylations of pyrimidine and pyridazine are also covered. The corresponding aryl-diazines were prepared in yields up to 84% only by mixing and irradiating the reaction with no need for an additional photocatalyst. We demonstrate the efficacy of this protocol by the scope with electron-donor, -neutral, and -withdrawing groups attached at the ortho, meta, and para positions of the aryldiazonium salts; the results are better than those reported for ruthenium-complex mediated photoarylations. Additionally, we demonstrate the robustness of this methodology with a 5 mmol scaled-up experiment. Mechanistic studies were carried out giving support to the proposal of a photocatalyzed approach by an electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex, also highlighting the crucial role that solvents play in the formation of the EDA complex. An electron donor–acceptor (EDA) approach for the direct C–H photoarylation of diazines using aryldiazonium salts and visible-light is described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo C Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos São Carlos SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Lucas F Villela
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos São Carlos SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Timothy J Brocksom
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos São Carlos SP 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Kleber T de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos São Carlos SP 13565-905 Brazil
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8
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Bartolomeu ADA, Silva RC, Brocksom TJ, Noël T, de Oliveira KT. Photoarylation of Pyridines Using Aryldiazonium Salts and Visible Light: An EDA Approach. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10459-10471. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aloisio de A. Bartolomeu
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Sustainable Process Engineering, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo C. Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Timothy J. Brocksom
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Sustainable Process Engineering, Micro Flow Chemistry & Synthetic Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70 (Helix, STO 1.37), 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kleber T. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
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9
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Shih WC, Ozerov OV. Selective ortho C–H Activation of Pyridines Directed by Lewis Acidic Boron of PBP Pincer Iridium Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17297-17300. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Shih
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Oleg V. Ozerov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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10
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Hofmann J, Gans E, Clark T, Heinrich MR. Radical Arylation of Anilines and Pyrroles via Aryldiazotates. Chemistry 2017; 23:9647-9656. [PMID: 28440884 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The radical arylation of anilines and pyrroles can be achieved under transition-metal- and catalyst-free conditions by using aryldiazotates in strongly alkaline aqueous solutions. The aryldiazotates act as protected diazonium ions, which do not undergo azo coupling with electron-rich aromatic substrates, but can still serve as an aryl radical source at slightly elevated temperatures. Based on an improved preparation of aryldiazotates in aqueous solution, homolytic aromatic substitutions of anilines and pyrroles were conducted with good overall yields and high regioselectivity. Moreover, DFT calculations provided further mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Gans
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer-Chemie-Centrum, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Abstract
Azines, which are six-membered aromatic compounds containing one or more nitrogen atoms, serve as ubiquitous structural cores of aromatic species with important applications in biological and materials sciences. Among a variety of synthetic approaches toward azines, C-H functionalization represents the most rapid and atom-economical transformation, and it is advantageous for the late-stage functionalization of azine-containing functional molecules. Since azines have several C-H bonds with different reactivities, the development of new reactions that allow for the functionalization of azines in a regioselective fashion has comprised a central issue. This review describes recent advances in the C-H functionalization of azines categorized as follows: (1) SNAr reactions, (2) radical reactions, (3) deprotonation/functionalization, and (4) metal-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Murakami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shuya Yamada
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneda
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Graduate School of Science, and ‡JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University , Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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12
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Zeng Y, Zhang C, Yin C, Sun M, Fu H, Zheng X, Yuan M, Li R, Chen H. Direct C–H Functionalization of Pyridine via a Transient Activator Strategy: Synthesis of 2,6-Diarylpyridines. Org Lett 2017; 19:1970-1973. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- Analytical
and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Changzhen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Maoshen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Maolin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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13
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Hofmann J, Heinrich MR. Recent developments in intermolecular radical arylations of arenes and heteroarenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Wang X, He Y, Ren M, Liu S, Liu H, Huang G. Pd-Catalyzed Ligand-Free Synthesis of Arylated Heteroaromatics by Coupling of N-Heteroaromatic Bromides with Iodobenzene Diacetate, Iodosobenzene, or Diphenyliodonium Salts. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7958-62. [PMID: 27458647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for synthesizing arylated heteroaromatics has been reported via Pd-catalyzed ligand-free cross-coupling of N-heteroaromatic bromides with iodine(III) reagents under mild conditions. Iodobenzene diacetate, iodosobenzene, and diphenyliodonium salts act as ideal arylated sources in this reaction, producing bioactive aromatic-substituted pyridines and quinolines in moderate to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongqin He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mengdan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shengkang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Guosheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000, China
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15
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Mai DN, Baxter RD. Unprotected Amino Acids as Stable Radical Precursors for Heterocycle C–H Functionalization. Org Lett 2016; 18:3738-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duy N. Mai
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Ryan D. Baxter
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
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16
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Rossi R, Lessi M, Manzini C, Marianetti G, Bellina F. Transition Metal-Free Direct CH (Hetero)arylation of Heteroarenes: A Sustainable Methodology to Access (Hetero)aryl-Substituted Heteroarenes. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Wu K, Huang Z, Qi X, Li Y, Zhang G, Liu C, Yi H, Meng L, Bunel EE, Miller JT, Pao CW, Lee JF, Lan Y, Lei A. Copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling: From ketone and diamine to pyrazine. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1500656. [PMID: 26601302 PMCID: PMC4646816 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative C-H/N-H coupling between simple ketones and diamines was developed toward the synthesis of a variety of pyrazines. Various substituted ketones were compatible for this transformation. Preliminary mechanistic investigations indicated that radical species were involved. X-ray absorption fine structure experiments elucidated that the Cu(II) species 5 coordinated by two N atoms at a distance of 2.04 Å and two O atoms at a shorter distance of 1.98 Å was a reactive one for this aerobic oxidative coupling reaction. Density functional theory calculations suggested that the intramolecular coupling of cationic radicals was favorable in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yingzi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong Yi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lingkui Meng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Emilio E. Bunel
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Miller
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Chih-Wen Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Fu Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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18
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Ma Z, Liu H, Zhang C, Zheng X, Yuan M, Fu H, Li R, Chen H. One-Pot Synthesis of Symmetrical 2,6-DiarylpyridinesviaPalladium/Copper-Catalyzed Sequential Decarboxylative and Direct CH Arylation. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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19
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CuBr/proline-catalyzed cross-coupling of unactivated benzene with aryl halides. Appl Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling of 3-pyridyl and 4-pyridyl carboxylates with aryl bromides. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Huang Y, Guan D, Wang L. Direct Arylation of Substituted Pyridines with Arylboronic Acids Catalyzed by Iron(II) Oxalate. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Bonin H, Sauthier M, Felpin FX. Transition Metal-Mediated Direct CH Arylation of Heteroarenes Involving Aryl Radicals. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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23
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Rossi R, Bellina F, Lessi M, Manzini C. Cross-Coupling of Heteroarenes by CH Functionalization: Recent Progress towards Direct Arylation and Heteroarylation Reactions Involving Heteroarenes Containing One Heteroatom. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Li Y, Liu W, Kuang C. Direct arylation of pyridines without the use of a transition metal catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:7124-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02546f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This new reaction proceeds readily at room temperature without the use of any transition metal catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
| | - Chunxiang Kuang
- Department of Chemistry
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment
- Ministry of Education
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25
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Nikishkin NI, Huskens J, Verboom W. Transition metal-catalyzed functionalization of pyrazines. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:3583-602. [PMID: 23632914 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40460a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed reactions are generally used for carbon-carbon bond formation on pyrazines and include, but are not limited to, classical palladium-catalyzed reactions like Sonogashira, Heck, Suzuki, and Stille reactions. Also a few examples of carbon-heteroatom bond formation in pyrazines are known. This perspective reviews recent progress in the field of transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions on pyrazine systems. It deals with the most important C-C- and C-X-bond formation methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai I Nikishkin
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanofabrication, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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26
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Zhuo FF, Xie WW, Yang YX, Zhang L, Wang P, Yuan R, Da CS. TMEDA-assisted effective direct ortho arylation of electron-deficient N-heteroarenes with aromatic Grignard reagents. J Org Chem 2013; 78:3243-9. [PMID: 23464705 DOI: 10.1021/jo400152f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the addition of TMEDA in toluene, aryl Grignards could effectively and site-specifically ortho-arylate electron-deficient heteroarenes under mild conditions. This endeavor successfully changed the old low-yielding reaction, aryl Grignard addition to N-heteroarenes, into an efficient procedure for heterobiaryls. The combination of the inexpensive aryl Grignards, TMEDA, the cost-free air, no use of any transition-metal catalyst, the mild reaction conditions, and the high-yielding gram-scale results enables this new procedure to be cost-effective and potentially utilizable in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Zhuo
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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27
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Reactions of Pyridines, Benzopyridines, and Azapyridines with Organomagnesiums and Organolithiums. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2012_96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
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28
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Singh PP, Aithagani SK, Yadav M, Singh VP, Vishwakarma RA. Iron-catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Electron-Deficient Heterocycles and Quinone with Organoboron Species via Innate C–H Functionalization: Application in Total Synthesis of Pyrazine Alkaloid Botryllazine A. J Org Chem 2013; 78:2639-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302797r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parvinder Pal Singh
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (Council of Scientific &
Industrial Research), Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Sravan Kumar Aithagani
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (Council of Scientific &
Industrial Research), Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Mahipal Yadav
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (Council of Scientific &
Industrial Research), Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Varun Pratap Singh
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (Council of Scientific &
Industrial Research), Jammu 180 001, India
| | - Ram A. Vishwakarma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (Council of Scientific &
Industrial Research), Jammu 180 001, India
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29
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Andou T, Saga Y, Komai H, Matsunaga S, Kanai M. Cobalt-Catalyzed C4-Selective Direct Alkylation of Pyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:3213-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Andou T, Saga Y, Komai H, Matsunaga S, Kanai M. Cobalt-Catalyzed C4-Selective Direct Alkylation of Pyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Li B, Qin X, You J, Cong X, Lan J. Direct arylation of phenanthroline derivatives via oxidative C–H/C–H cross-coupling: synthesis and discovery of excellent ligands. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:1290-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob27325j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Li X, Wang HY, Shi ZJ. Transition-metal-free cross-dehydrogenative alkylation of pyridines under neutral conditions. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00095h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Chen Z, Ye D, Xu G, Ye M, Liu L. Highly efficient synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted pyrazines from (Z)-β-haloenol acetates. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6699-702. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41164h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Demory E, Farran D, Baptiste B, Chavant PY, Blandin V. Fast Pd- and Pd/Cu-Catalyzed Direct C–H Arylation of Cyclic Nitrones. Application to the Synthesis of Enantiopure Quaternary α-Amino Esters. J Org Chem 2012; 77:7901-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301114k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilien Demory
- Département
de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe SeRCO and ‡Service de Cristallographie, UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP-53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Daniel Farran
- Département
de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe SeRCO and ‡Service de Cristallographie, UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP-53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Benoit Baptiste
- Département
de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe SeRCO and ‡Service de Cristallographie, UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP-53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Pierre Y. Chavant
- Département
de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe SeRCO and ‡Service de Cristallographie, UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP-53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Véronique Blandin
- Département
de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe SeRCO and ‡Service de Cristallographie, UMR-5250, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier, BP-53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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35
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Wen P, Li Y, Zhou K, Ma C, Lan X, Ma C, Huang G. Palladium-Catalyzed C-2 Selective CH Olefination of Pyridines. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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36
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Luo G, Luo Y, Qu J, Hou Z. Mechanistic Investigation on Scandium-Catalyzed C–H Addition of Pyridines to Olefins. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300147y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical
Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical
Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical
Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical
Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,
Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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37
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Hyodo I, Tobisu M, Chatani N. Catalytic arylation of a C-H bond in pyridine and related six-membered N-heteroarenes using organozinc reagents. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:1357-65. [PMID: 22442050 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the catalytic direct arylation of heteroarenes, the application of this reaction to pyridines has been met with limited success. An oxidative nucleophilic arylation strategy has been developed to overcome this problem. Pyridine, pyrazine, quinolone, and related electron-deficient N-heteroarenes can be arylated at the most electrophilic site using the developed nickel-catalyzed reaction. This protocol serves as a complementary method to catalytic direct arylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Hyodo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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38
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Hyodo I, Tobisu M, Chatani N. Regioselective C–H bond functionalizations of acridines using organozinc reagents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:308-10. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc16582h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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39
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Wang J, Wang S, Wang G, Zhang J, Yu XQ. Iron-mediated direct arylation with arylboronic acids through an aryl radical transfer pathway. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:11769-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc35468c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Ye M, Gao GL, Edmunds AJF, Worthington PA, Morris JA, Yu JQ. Ligand-Promoted C3-Selective Arylation of Pyridines with Pd Catalysts: Gram-Scale Synthesis of (±)-Preclamol. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:19090-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209510q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengchun Ye
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Guo-Lin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | | | - P. A. Worthington
- Syngenta Ltd., Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - James A. Morris
- Syngenta Ltd., Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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41
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Guan BT, Hou Z. Rare-Earth-Catalyzed C–H Bond Addition of Pyridines to Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:18086-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja208129t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Tao Guan
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory and Advanced Catalyst Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory and Advanced Catalyst Research Team, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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42
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Yamaguchi AD, Mandal D, Yamaguchi J, Itami K. Oxidative C–H/C–H Coupling of Azine and Indole/Pyrrole Nuclei: Palladium Catalysis and Synthesis of Eudistomin U. CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2011.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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43
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44
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Ye M, Gao GL, Yu JQ. Ligand-Promoted C-3 Selective C–H Olefination of Pyridines with Pd Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:6964-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2021075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengchun Ye
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Guo-Lin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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45
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Liu W, Cao H, Xin J, Jin L, Lei A. Cobalt-catalyzed direct arylation of unactivated arenes with aryl halides. Chemistry 2011; 17:3588-92. [PMID: 21344514 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China
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Li H, Sun C, Yu M, Yu D, Li B, Shi Z. The Catalytic Ability of Various Transition Metals in the Direct Functionalization of Aromatic CH Bonds. Chemistry 2011; 17:3593-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and PKU Green Chemistry Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐6276‐0890
- These authors contributed equally to this research
| | - Chang‐Liang Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and PKU Green Chemistry Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐6276‐0890
- These authors contributed equally to this research
| | - Miao Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and PKU Green Chemistry Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐6276‐0890
- These authors contributed equally to this research
| | - Da‐Gang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and PKU Green Chemistry Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐6276‐0890
| | - Bi‐Jie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and PKU Green Chemistry Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐6276‐0890
| | - Zhang‐Jie Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and PKU Green Chemistry Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10‐6276‐0890
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032 (P.R. China)
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47
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Kim SH, Rieke RD. Recent advance in heterocyclic organozinc and organomanganese compounds; direct synthetic routes and application in organic synthesis. Molecules 2010; 15:8006-38. [PMID: 21107307 PMCID: PMC6259127 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15118006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A practical synthetic route for the preparation of 2-pyridyl and 3-pyridyl derivatives has been accomplished by utilizing a simple coupling reaction of stable 2-pyridylzinc bromides and 3-pyridylzinc bromides. The organozincs used in this study were easily prepared via the direct insertion of active zinc into the corresponding bromopyridines. The subsequent coupling reactions with a variety of different electrophiles have afforded the corresponding coupling products. Using highly active manganese, a variety of Grignard-type organomanganese reagents have been obtained. The subsequent coupling reactions of the resulting organomanganese reagents with several electrophiles have also been accomplished under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hoi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dankook University; 29 Anseo Cheonan Chungnam, 330-714, Korea; E-Mail: (S-H.K.); Tel.: 82-41-550-1816
| | - Reuben D. Rieke
- Rieke Metals, Inc.; 1001 Kingbird Rd. Lincoln, NE 68512, USA
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Wen J, Qin S, Ma LF, Dong L, Zhang J, Liu SS, Duan YS, Chen SY, Hu CW, Yu XQ. Iron-Mediated Direct Suzuki−Miyaura Reaction: A New Method for the ortho-Arylation of Pyrrole and Pyridine. Org Lett 2010; 12:2694-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100838m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Song Qin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Li-Fang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Liang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Shu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
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Garcia P, Malacria M, Aubert C, Gandon V, Fensterbank L. Gold-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings: New Opportunities for CC Bond Formation. ChemCatChem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.200900319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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