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Lantz E, El Mokadem R, Schoch T, Fleske T, Weaver JD. A new twist for Stork-Danheiser products enabled by visible light mediated trans-cyclohexene formation; access to acyclic distal enones. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9271-9276. [PMID: 36093001 PMCID: PMC9384155 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03774a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we investigate the use of visible light to indirectly drive ring opening in unstrained 6- and 7-membered ring systems via reaction with a transiently generated trans-cycloalkene. Identification of conditions that capture visible light energy in the form of ring strain was key to success. Under mildly acidic conditions, cycloalkenols were shown to undergo formally endothermic ring-opening isomerization to give acyclic exo-methylene and distal ketones or aldehydes in high yields. Ultimately, this work demonstrates the ability of cycloalkenes to capture visible light energy and its use to drive both kinetically and thermally unfavorable rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Lantz
- 107 Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma 74078 USA
| | | | - Tim Schoch
- 107 Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma 74078 USA
| | - Tyler Fleske
- 107 Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma 74078 USA
| | - Jimmie D Weaver
- 107 Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma 74078 USA
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2
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Rizzo P, Altschmied L, Ravindran BM, Rutten T, D’Auria JC. The Biochemical and Genetic Basis for the Biosynthesis of Bioactive Compounds in Hypericum Perforatum L., One of the Largest Medicinal Crops in Europe. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1210. [PMID: 33081197 PMCID: PMC7602838 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum L. commonly known as Saint John's Wort (SJW), is an important medicinal plant that has been used for more than 2000 years. Although H. perforatum produces several bioactive compounds, its importance is mainly linked to two molecules highly relevant for the pharmaceutical industry: the prenylated phloroglucinol hyperforin and the naphtodianthrone hypericin. The first functions as a natural antidepressant while the second is regarded as a powerful anticancer drug and as a useful compound for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. While the antidepressant activity of SJW extracts motivate a multi-billion dollar industry around the world, the scientific interest centers around the biosynthetic pathways of hyperforin and hypericin and their medical applications. Here, we focus on what is known about these processes and evaluate the possibilities of combining state of the art omics, genome editing, and synthetic biology to unlock applications that would be of great value for the pharmaceutical and medical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John C. D’Auria
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; (P.R.); (L.A.); (B.M.R.); (T.R.)
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Yang XW, Grossman RB, Xu G. Research Progress of Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols. Chem Rev 2018; 118:3508-3558. [PMID: 29461053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) are a class of hybrid natural products sharing the mevalonate/methylerythritol phosphate and polyketide biosynthetic pathways and showing considerable structure and bioactivity diversity. This review discusses the progress of research into the chemistry and biological activity of 421 natural PPAPs in the past 11 years as well as in-depth studies of biological activities and total synthesis of some PPAPs isolated before 2006. We created an online database of all PPAPs known to date at http://www.chem.uky.edu/research/grossman/PPAPs . Two subclasses of biosynthetically related metabolites, spirocyclic PPAPs with octahydrospiro[cyclohexan-1,5'-indene]-2,4,6-trione core and complicated PPAPs produced by intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloadditions of MPAPs, are brought into the PPAP family. Some PPAPs' relative or absolute configurations are reassigned or critically discussed, and the confusing trivial names in PPAPs investigations are clarified. Pharmacologic studies have revealed a new molecular mechanism whereby hyperforin and its derivatives regulate neurotransmitter levels by activating TRPC6 as well as the antitumor mechanism of garcinol and its analogues. The antineoplastic potential of some type B PPAPs such as oblongifolin C and guttiferone K has increased significantly. As a result of the recent appearances of innovative synthetic methods and strategies, the total syntheses of 22 natural PPAPs including hyperforin, garcinol, and plukenetione A have been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Robert B Grossman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506-0055 , United States
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi P. Ting
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas J. Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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A total synthesis of sarcandralactone A: a general, concise, RCM enabled approach to lindenanolide sesquiterpenoids. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.04.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Uetake Y, Uwamori M, Nakada M. Enantioselective Approach to Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols via Catalytic Asymmetric Intramolecular Cyclopropanation. J Org Chem 2015; 80:1735-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5026699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Uetake
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Uwamori
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Masahisa Nakada
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Richard JA. Chemistry and Biology of the Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinol Hyperforin. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abstract
For many years, despite a rich coordination chemistry, gold (Au) was judged as being catalytically inactive for the formation of carbon–carbon bonds. In mid-1970, few reports demonstrated that Au salts could be very useful reagents to catalyze organic transformations. In recent years, homogeneous catalysis by Au has received considerable attention by the scientific community. It was shown that Au(I) or (III) catalysts are specific and more reactive than most of the other soft Lewis acids such as Hg(II), Cu(II), Pt(II), and Pd(II). Taking advantage of the affinity of cationic phosphine Au complexes to triple bonds, we conceived a Au(I)-catalyzed 6-endo-dig cyclization of cyclic enol ether to prepare bridged and fused bicyclic ketone. Keeping in mind that 5-exo-dig cyclizations can be a competitive process, we surveyed various Au(I) complexes.
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Uwamori M, Nakada M. Stereoselective total synthesis of (±)-hyperforin via intramolecular cyclopropanation. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Mehta G, Bera MK. An approach toward the synthesis of PPAP natural product garsubellin A: construction of the tricyclic core. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Synthetic studies toward geranylated PPAP natural products oblongifolin A, oblongifolin D, and enervosanone. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
The highly stereoselective total synthesis of nemorosone via a new approach to the bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-trione core which features intramolecular cyclopropanation of an α-diazo ketone, stereoselective alkylation at the C8 position, and regioselective ring-opening of cyclopropane is described. The total synthesis of nemorosone includes chemo- and stereoselective hydrogenation directed by the internal alkene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Uwamori
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Richard JA, Pouwer RH, Chen DYK. The chemistry of the polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:4536-61. [PMID: 22461155 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With their fascinating biological profiles and stunningly complex molecular architectures, the polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) have long provided a fertile playing field for synthetic organic chemists. In particular, the recent advent of innovative synthetic methods and strategies together with C-C bond-forming reactions and asymmetric catalysis have revitalized this field tremendously. Consequently, PPAP targets which once seemed beyond reach have now been synthesized. This Review aims to highlight the recent achievements in the total synthesis of PPAPs, as well as notable methods developed for the construction of the bicyclo[3.3.1] core of these chemically and biologically intriguing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Alexandre Richard
- Chemical Synthesis Laboratory@Biopolis, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, The Helios Block, no.03-08, Singapore 138667, Singapore
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Njardarson JT. Synthetic Efforts Toward [3.3.1] Bridged Bicyclic Phloroglucinol Natural Products. Tetrahedron 2011; 67:7631-7666. [PMID: 23172980 PMCID: PMC3501273 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon T Njardarson
- University of Arizona, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85716, USA
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Synthetic studies toward the PPAP natural products, prolifenones A and B and hyperforin: an Effenberger cyclization approach. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.07.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Shimizu Y, Shi SL, Usuda H, Kanai M, Shibasaki M. The first catalytic asymmetric total synthesis of ent-hyperforin. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abe M, Saito A, Nakada M. Synthetic studies on nemorosone via enantioselective intramolecular cyclopropanation. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.12.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Barabé F, Bétournay G, Bellavance G, Barriault L. Gold-catalyzed synthesis of carbon-bridged medium-sized rings. Org Lett 2010; 11:4236-8. [PMID: 19739690 DOI: 10.1021/ol901722q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclo[m.n.1]alkenone frameworks possessing quaternary carbon centers adjacent to a bridged ketone are frequently found in bioactive natural products. Although several methods have been developed to construct such frameworks, most of them are specific to a particular scaffold. Herein, we report a mild and highly efficient method to generate carbon-bridged frameworks of various sizes using phosphino gold(I) catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Barabé
- Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Department of Chemistry, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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Shimizu Y, Shi SL, Usuda H, Kanai M, Shibasaki M. Catalytic Asymmetric Total Synthesis ofent-Hyperforin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:1103-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Shimizu Y, Shi SL, Usuda H, Kanai M, Shibasaki M. Catalytic Asymmetric Total Synthesis of ent-Hyperforin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Tsukano C, R. Siegel D, J. Danishefsky S. Total Syntheses of Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2010. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.68.592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Couladouros EA, Dakanali M, Demadis KD, Vidali VP. A short biomimetic approach to the fully functionalized bicyclic framework of type A acylphloroglucinols. Org Lett 2009; 11:4430-3. [PMID: 19739652 DOI: 10.1021/ol901781n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A biomimetic approach toward type A polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) is described. The method is based on a C-alkylation-cation cyclization reaction sequence, leading to a convenient buildup of molecular complexity, employing the simple and readily available deoxycohumulone and an appropriately functionalized hydroxy halide. Thus, a versatile construction of the fully functionalized bicyclic framework of type A PPAPs (5) was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A Couladouros
- Chemical Laboratories, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece.
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