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Soy R, Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. The photodynamic activity properties of a series of structurally analogous tetraarylporphyrin, chlorin and N-confused porphyrin dyes and their Sn(IV) complexes. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103815. [PMID: 37777078 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of tetraarylporphyrin, -chlorin and N-confused porphyrin dyes with 4‑methoxy‑meso-aryl rings (1-Por, 1-Chl and 1-NCP) and their Sn(IV) complexes (1-SnPor, 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP) have been synthesized and characterized. The heavy atom effect of the Sn(IV) ion results in relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield values of 0.67, 0.71 and 0.85 for 1-SnPor, 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP, respectively. The photodynamic activities of 1-Por, 1-Chl, 1-NCP, 1-SnPor, 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP were determined against MCF-7 breast cancer cells through illumination with Thorlabs 625 or 660 nm (240 or 280 mW.cm-2) light emitting diodes (LEDs) for 20 min. The IC50 values for 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP lie between 1.4 - 6.1 and 1.6 - 4.8 µM upon photoirradiation with the 660 and 625 nm LEDs, respectively, while higher values of >10 µM were obtained for 1-SnPor and the free base dyes. In a similar manner, 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP were found to also have significantly higher photodynamic antimicrobial activity against planktonic Gram-(+) Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-(-) Escherichia coli bacteria than the other dyes studied. Upon illumination with Thorlabs 625 and 660 nm LEDs for 75 min, Log10 reduction values of 7.62 and > 2.40-3.69 were obtained with 1 and 5 µM solutions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodah Soy
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, SRM University - AP, Amaravati 522502, India
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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2
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Toganoh M, Furuta H. Creation from Confusion and Fusion in the Porphyrin World─The Last Three Decades of N-Confused Porphyrinoid Chemistry. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8313-8437. [PMID: 35230807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Confusion is a novel concept of isomerism in porphyrin chemistry, delivering a steady stream of new chemistry since the discovery of N-confused porphyrin, a porphyrin mutant, in 1994. These days, the number of confused porphyrinoids is increasing, and confusion and associated fusion are found in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry, materials chemistry, biological chemistry, and catalysts. In this review, the birth and growth of confused porphyrinoids in the last three decades are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Toganoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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3
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Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. Sn(IV) N-confused porphyrins as photosensitizer dyes for photodynamic therapy in the near IR region. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:15180-15183. [PMID: 33107524 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03296d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The utility of Sn(iv) N-confused porphyrin (SnNCP) for use as photosensitizer dyes in photodynamic therapy is investigated. SnNCP has an unusually high singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.72 in DMSO. IC50 values of 1.6 and 12.8 μM were obtained against MCF-7 cells upon irradiation with 660 and 780 nm LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation. Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation. Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation. Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
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Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS, Bocian DF, Holten D. Comprehensive review of photophysical parameters (ε, Φf, τs) of tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) and zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) – Critical benchmark molecules in photochemistry and photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2020.100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. A heavy-atom-free π-extended N-confused porphyrin as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00112d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A heavy-atom-free π-extended N-confused porphyrin is reported that is suitable for use as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in both the green region and therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Makhanda
- South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Makhanda
- South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation
- Department of Chemistry
- Rhodes University
- Makhanda
- South Africa
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Mazur LM, Roland T, Leroy-Lhez S, Sol V, Samoc M, Samuel ID, Matczyszyn K. Efficient Singlet Oxygen Photogeneration by Zinc Porphyrin Dimers upon One- and Two-Photon Excitation. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:4271-4277. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leszek M. Mazur
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Thomas Roland
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, U.K
| | - Stephanie Leroy-Lhez
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 123, Avenue Albert Thomas, Limoges cedex 87060, France
| | - Vincent Sol
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA 7500, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 123, Avenue Albert Thomas, Limoges cedex 87060, France
| | - Marek Samoc
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Ifor D.W. Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, U.K
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
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Çay S, Köse M, Tümer F, Gölcü A, Tümer M. SOD activity and DNA binding properties of a new symmetric porphyrin Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 151:821-838. [PMID: 26172470 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
4-Methoxy-2,6-bis(hydroxymethyl)phenol (1) was prepared from the reaction of 4-methoxyphenol and formaldehyde. The compound (1) was then oxidized to the 4-methoxy-2,6-diformylphenol (2) compound. Molecular structure of compound (2) was determined by X-ray diffraction method. A new symmetric porphyrin Schiff base ligand 4-methoxy-2,6-bis[5-(4-iminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin]phenol (L) was prepared from the reaction of the 5-(4-aminophenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin (TTP-NH2) and the compound (2) in the toluene solution. The metal complexes (Cu(II), Fe(III), Mn(III), Pt(II) and Zn(II)) of the ligand (L) were synthesized and characterized by the spectroscopic and analytical methods. The DNA (fish sperm FSdsDNA) binding studies of the ligand and its complexes were performed using UV-vis spectroscopy. Additionally, superoxide dismutase activities of the porphyrin Schiff base metal complexes were investigated. Additionally, electrochemical, photoluminescence and thermal properties of the compounds were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Çay
- Chemistry Department, K.Maras Sütcü Imam University, 46100 K.Maras, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Köse
- Chemistry Department, K.Maras Sütcü Imam University, 46100 K.Maras, Turkey
| | - Ferhan Tümer
- Chemistry Department, K.Maras Sütcü Imam University, 46100 K.Maras, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Gölcü
- Chemistry Department, K.Maras Sütcü Imam University, 46100 K.Maras, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tümer
- Chemistry Department, K.Maras Sütcü Imam University, 46100 K.Maras, Turkey.
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Ovechkin AS, Kartsova LA. Methods for the detection and determination of singlet oxygen. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Walaszek DJ, Maximova K, Rybicka-Jasińska K, Lipke A, Gryko D. Synthesis of chiral porphyrins and their use in photochemical oxidation of carbonyl compounds. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424614500229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of chiral A4, A2B2, and AB3 porphyrins bearing proline moieties at the meso-phenyl group has been synthesized. Photostability studies revealed that the number of L-proline units and their position on meso-phenyl rings strongly influence the decomposition rate of the catalyst. 5,10,15-Tris(mesityl)-20-(3-prolinanilidylphenyl)-21,23H-porphyrin is the most stable while porphyrin bearing four 3-prolinanilidylphenyl substituents completely decomposes in CHCl 3 within 3 h. Singlet oxygen quantum yields of the conjugates were determined by measuring the peak areas of the NIR emission of 1 O 2 (1280 nm) generated by these compounds and compared to that generated by the reference standard TPP. Selected porphyrins were tested as catalysts in the photooxidation of carbonyl compounds at the α-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika J. Walaszek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ksenia Maximova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Lipke
- Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, M. Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Liu B, Li X, Zhang J, Chmielewski PJ. L-Proline catalyzed reaction of N-confused porphyrin and active methylene compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 11:4831-9. [PMID: 23797270 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40754c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Active methylene compounds such as acetone, butanone, cyclopentanone, nitromethane, malononitrile, ethyl 2-cyanoacetate, diethyl malonate, and ethyl acetylacetate react with the C3 position of N-confused porphyrin in the presence of L-proline in refluxing THF-EtOH affording a variety of N-confused porphyrin derivatives in moderate yield. L-Proline catalyzes the reaction facilitating the formation of the carbanion derived from an active methylene compound simultaneously delivering protons to the N-confused porphyrin. Both processes are key factors of this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
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3-(Dialkoxyphosphoryl)-N-confused Phlorin and Porphyrin. Synthesis, Stereochemistry, and Coordination Properties. J Org Chem 2013; 78:1354-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302689d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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12
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Eftekhari-Sis B, Zirak M, Akbari A. Arylglyoxals in Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2958-3043. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300176g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Eftekhari-Sis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Maragheh, Golshahr,
P.O. Box. 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Maryam Zirak
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Ali Akbari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Maragheh, Golshahr,
P.O. Box. 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
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Lu J, Pan W, He R, Jin S, Liao X, Wu B, Zhao P, Guo H. DNA-binding and photocleavage studies of metallofluorescein–porphyrin complexes of zinc(II) and copper(II). TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-012-9615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Lu J, Guo H, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Liu Y, Zang L, Huang J. DNA-binding and photocleavage of fluorescein-porphyrinatozinc complexes. J COORD CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2012.681381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiazheng Lu
- a School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haiwei Guo
- a School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- b School of Basic Courses , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Jiang
- a School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
- c State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material and Technologies & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjin Liu
- a School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Linquan Zang
- a School of Pharmacy , Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwang Huang
- c State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material and Technologies & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , People's Republic of China
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Toganoh M, Furuta H. Blooming of confused porphyrinoids—fusion, expansion, contraction, and more confusion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:937-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14633e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Syntheses and DNA binding of new cationic porphyrin–tetrapeptide conjugates. Biophys Chem 2011; 155:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2011.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Li X, Liu B, Yi P, Yi R, Yu X, Chmielewski PJ. Synthesis of N-Confused Porphyrin Derivatives with a Substituted 3-C Position. J Org Chem 2011; 76:2345-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200040x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Pinggui Yi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Rongqiong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Xianyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Simulation of Ministry of Education, Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, 14 F. Joliot-Curie Street, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland
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Recent developments in the detection of singlet oxygen with molecular spectroscopic methods. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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