1
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Donnelly K, Singh A, Tuttle T, Baumann M. [3+2]-Cycloaddition Reactions of gem-Difluorocyclopropenes with Azomethine Ylides - Access to Novel Fluorinated Scaffolds. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301861. [PMID: 37402163 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of fluorinated moieties into drugs as well as the increase of their overall three-dimensionality have become key strategies amongst medicinal chemists to generate sets of compounds with favorable drug-like properties. However, the introduction of fluorinated cyclopropane ring systems which combines both strategies is not widely exploited to date. This paper reports synthetic strategies exploiting the reactivity of gem-difluorocyclopropenes in dipolar cycloaddition reactions with azomethine ylides to afford sets of new fluorine-containing 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes. In addition, the unexpected formation of complex trifluorinated scaffolds arising from proline esters and gem-difluorocyclopropenes is highlighted along with computational studies to elucidate the underlying mechanism. This study presents new avenues towards pharmaceutically relevant fluorinated 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes that are accessible via robust and short synthetic sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Donnelly
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 N2E2, Ireland
| | - Amritpal Singh
- Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Tell Tuttle
- Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Marcus Baumann
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 N2E2, Ireland
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2
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Azomethine Ylides-Versatile Synthons for Pyrrolidinyl-Heterocyclic Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020668. [PMID: 36677727 PMCID: PMC9866015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Azomethine ylides are nitrogen-based three-atom components commonly used in [3+2]-cycloaddition reactions with various unsaturated 2π-electron components. These reactions are highly regio- and stereoselective and have attracted the attention of organic chemists with respect to the construction of diverse heterocycles potentially bearing four new contiguous stereogenic centers. This review article complies the most important [3+2]-cycloaddition reactions of azomethine ylides with various olefinic, unsaturated 2π-electron components (acyclic, alicyclic, heterocyclic, and exocyclic ones) reported over the past two decades.
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3
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Chen C, Yang XX, Zhao Z, Han B, Du W, Chen YC. Asymmetric inverse-electron-demand 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of cyclopentadienones and thiophene-1,1-dioxide with C, N-cyclic azomethine imines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5502-5505. [PMID: 35416818 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The normal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between the carbonates of 4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentenones and C,N-cyclic azomethine imines can be switched to an inverse-electron-demand version under Pd(0) catalysis, by in situ generation of HOMO-raised η2-Pd(0)-cyclopentadienone complexes. An array of fused heterocyclic architectures are constructed with high levels of diastereo and enantioselectivity, and diastereodivergent synthesis is well realised by tuning the bifunctional phosphine ligands. In addition, similar reaction with in situ formed thiophene-1,1-dioxide is compatible by using a chiral bisphosphine ligand, and the fused cyclic sulfone frameworks are afforded with high stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry and Sichuan province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xing-Xing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry and Sichuan province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry and Sichuan province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry and Sichuan province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Education Ministry and Sichuan province, and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. .,College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
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4
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Townley C, McMurray L, Marsden SP, Nelson A. A unified "top-down" approach for the synthesis of diverse lead-like molecular scaffolds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 62:128631. [PMID: 35181466 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A "top-down" synthetic approach enabled the step-efficient synthesis of 21 diverse novel molecular scaffolds. The scaffolds were derived from four complex intermediates that had been prepared using cycloaddition chemistry. Scaffold-hopping of these intermediates was achieved through attachment of an additional ring, ring cleavage, ring expansion and/or ring fusion. It was shown that the resulting scaffolds could be decorated to yield diverse lead-like screening compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Townley
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsay McMurray
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Marsden
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Nelson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
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5
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Yang XX, Yan RJ, Ran GY, Chen C, Yue JF, Yan X, Ouyang Q, Du W, Chen YC. π-Lewis-Base-Catalyzed Asymmetric Vinylogous Umpolung Reactions of Cyclopentadienones and Tropone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26762-26768. [PMID: 34617655 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We disclose that the carbonates of 4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentenones can form π-allylpalladium-based 1,2-carbodipoles, which isomerize to interesting η2 -Pd0 -cyclopentadienone complexes. Compared with the labile parent cyclopentadienone, the HOMO energy of the related η2 -complex was significantly raised via the back-bonding of Pd0 as a π-Lewis base, rendering the uncoordinated C=C bond an electron-richer dienophile in inverse-electron-demand aza-Diels-Alder-type reactions with diverse 1-azadienes. The vinylogous (aza)Morita-Baylis-Hillman or cross Rauhut-Currier addition to (imine)carbonyls or activated alkenes, respectively, was also realized to afford chiral [4+2] or [2+2] cycloadducts, respectively, after trapping the re-generated π-allylpalladium species. New C1 -symmetric ligands from simple chiral sources were developed, exhibiting high stereoselectivity even with racemic substrates via an unusual dynamic kinetic resolution process. Besides, tropone could be similarly activated by a Pd0 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ru-Jie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guang-Yao Ran
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing-Fei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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6
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Yang X, Yan R, Ran G, Chen C, Yue J, Yan X, Ouyang Q, Du W, Chen Y. π‐Lewis‐Base‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Vinylogous Umpolung Reactions of Cyclopentadienones and Tropone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐Xing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Ru‐Jie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Guang‐Yao Ran
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Jing‐Fei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiao Yan
- College of Pharmacy Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- College of Pharmacy Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Ying‐Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology West China School of Pharmacy Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- College of Pharmacy Third Military Medical University Chongqing 400038 China
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7
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Savych VI, Mykhalchuk VL, Melnychuk PV, Isakov AO, Savchuk T, Timoshenko VM, Siry SA, Pavlenko SO, Kovalenko DV, Hryshchuk OV, Reznik VA, Chalyk BA, Yarmolchuk VS, Rusanov EB, Mykhailiuk PK. Bicyclic Pyrrolidines for Medicinal Chemistry via [3 + 2]-Cycloaddition. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13289-13309. [PMID: 34428062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A general approach to bicyclic fused pyrrolidines via [3 + 2]-cycloaddition between nonstabilized azomethyne ylide and endocyclic electron-deficient alkenes was elaborated. "Push-pull" alkenes and CF3-alkenes did not react with the azomethyne ylide under the previously reported conditions, and we developed a superior protocol (LiF, 140 °C, no solvent). Among obtained products were medchem-relevant bicyclic sulfones, monofluoro-, difluoro-, and trifluoromethyl-substituted pyrrolidines. This approach not only allowed preparation of novel molecules but also significantly simplified synthesis of the existing ones (e.g., sofinicline).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Savych
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine, www.enamine.net
| | | | - Pavlo V Melnychuk
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine, www.enamine.net
| | - Andrii O Isakov
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine, www.enamine.net
| | - Taras Savchuk
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine, www.enamine.net
| | - Vadim M Timoshenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska St. 5, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy A Siry
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska St. 5, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy O Pavlenko
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine, www.enamine.net
| | | | | | - Vitalii A Reznik
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine, www.enamine.net
| | - Bohdan A Chalyk
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine, www.enamine.net.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska St. 5, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Eduard B Rusanov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska St. 5, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
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8
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Gambacorta G, Sharley JS, Baxendale IR. A comprehensive review of flow chemistry techniques tailored to the flavours and fragrances industries. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1181-1312. [PMID: 34136010 PMCID: PMC8182698 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their intrinsic physical properties, which includes being able to perform as volatile liquids at room and biological temperatures, fragrance ingredients/intermediates make ideal candidates for continuous-flow manufacturing. This review highlights the potential crossover between a multibillion dollar industry and the flourishing sub-field of flow chemistry evolving within the discipline of organic synthesis. This is illustrated through selected examples of industrially important transformations specific to the fragrances and flavours industry and by highlighting the advantages of conducting these transformations by using a flow approach. This review is designed to be a compendium of techniques and apparatus already published in the chemical and engineering literature which would constitute a known solution or inspiration for commonly encountered procedures in the manufacture of fragrance and flavour chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gambacorta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - James S Sharley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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9
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Plumet J. 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrile Oxides under "Non-Conventional" Conditions: Green Solvents, Irradiation, and Continuous Flow. Chempluschem 2021; 85:2252-2271. [PMID: 33044044 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions (DCs) of nitrile oxides (NOs) to alkenes and alkynes are useful methods for the synthesis of 2-isoxazolines and isoxazoles respectively, which are important classes of heterocyclic compounds in organic and medicinal chemistry. Most of these reactions are carried out in organic solvents and under thermal activation. Nevertheless the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2 ) and ionic liquids (Ils) as alternative solvents and the application of microwave (MW) and ultrasound (US) as alternative activation procedures have evident advantages from the "Green Chemistry" point of view. The critical discussion on the applications of these "unconventional" activation methods and reaction conditions in the 1,3-DCs of NOs is the objective of the present Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Plumet
- Department of Organic Chemistry. Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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10
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García-Lacuna J, Domínguez G, Pérez-Castells J. Flow Chemistry for Cycloaddition Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5138-5163. [PMID: 32662578 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Continuous flow reactors form part of a rapidly growing research area that has changed the way synthetic chemistry is performed not only in academia but also at the industrial level. This Review highlights the most recent advances in cycloaddition reactions performed in flow systems. Cycloadditions are atom-efficient transformations for the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles, involved in the construction of challenging skeletons of complex molecules. The main advantages of translating these processes into flow include using intensified conditions, safer handling of hazardous reagents and gases, easy tuning of reaction conditions, and straightforward scaling up. These benefits are especially important in cycloadditions such as the copper(I)-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), Diels-Alder reaction, ozonolysis and [2+2] photocycloadditions. Some of these transformations are key reactions in the industrial synthesis of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-Lacuna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Domínguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Castells
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Lowe RA, Taylor D, Chibale K, Nelson A, Marsden SP. Synthesis and evaluation of the performance of a small molecule library based on diverse tropane-related scaffolds. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115442. [PMID: 32209295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A unified synthetic approach was developed that enabled the synthesis of diverse tropane-related scaffolds. The key intermediates that were exploited were cycloadducts formed by reaction between 3-hydroxy-pyridinium salts and vinyl sulfones or sulfonamides. The diverse tropane-related scaffolds were formed by addition of substituents to, cyclisation reactions of, and fusion of additional ring(s) to the key bicyclic intermediates. A set of 53 screening compounds was designed, synthesised and evaluated in order to determine the biological relevance of the scaffolds accessible using the synthetic approach. Two inhibitors of Hedgehog signalling, and four compounds with weak activity against the parasite P. falciparum, were discovered. Three of the active compounds may be considered to be indotropane or pyrrotropane pseudo natural products in which a tropane is fused with a fragment from another natural product class. It was concluded that the unified synthetic approach had yielded diverse scaffolds suitable for the design of performance-diverse screening libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Lowe
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dale Taylor
- H3D Drug Discovery and Development Center, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Adam Nelson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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12
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McCaw PG, Khandavilli UBR, Lawrence SE, Maguire AR, Collins SG. Synthesis of 1,2,5-oxathiazole-S-oxides by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of nitrile oxides to α-oxo sulfines. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:622-638. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02691b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The generation of novel 1,2,5-oxathiazole-S-oxide cycloadducts from cycloaddition of nitrile oxide dipoles with α-oxo sulfines generated in situ from α-diazosulfoxides is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G. McCaw
- School of Chemistry
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre
- University College Cork
- Ireland
| | - U. B. Rao Khandavilli
- School of Chemistry
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre
- University College Cork
- Ireland
| | - Simon E. Lawrence
- School of Chemistry
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre
- University College Cork
- Ireland
| | - Anita R. Maguire
- School of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre
- University College Cork
- Ireland
| | - Stuart G. Collins
- School of Chemistry
- Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre
- University College Cork
- Ireland
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13
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Curtin ML, Pliushchev MA, Li HQ, Torrent M, Dietrich JD, Jakob CG, Zhu H, Zhao H, Wang Y, Ji Z, Clark RF, Sarris KA, Selvaraju S, Shaw B, Algire MA, He Y, Richardson PL, Sweis RF, Sun C, Chiang GG, Michaelides MR. SAR of amino pyrrolidines as potent and novel protein-protein interaction inhibitors of the PRC2 complex through EED binding. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1576-1583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Singh MS, Chowdhury S, Koley S. Progress in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions in the recent decade: an update to strategic development towards the arsenal of organic synthesis. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Sankar U, Surya Kumar CV, Subramanian V, Balasubramanian KK, Mahalakshimi S. Stereo-, Regio-, and Chemoselective [3 + 2]-Cycloaddition of (2E,4E)-Ethyl 5-(Phenylsulfonyl)penta-2,4-dienoate with Various Azomethine Ylides, Nitrones, and Nitrile Oxides: Synthesis of Pyrrolidine, Isoxazolidine, and Isoxazoline Derivatives and a Computational Study. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2340-54. [PMID: 26886393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One-pot chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective synthesis of series of heterocyclic and spiroheterocyclic compounds was accomplished through mono- and bis[3 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions of (2E,4E)-ethyl 5-(phenylsulfonyl)penta-2,4-dienoate as a dipolarophile with azomethine ylides, nitrones, and nitrile oxides in good yields. The structures of the products were established by spectroscopic techniques as well as by single-crystal XRD study, and DFT calculations were performed to further understand the mechanism of this [3 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulaganathan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa's College, University of Madras , Chennai 600030, India
| | - Ch Venkata Surya Kumar
- Chemical Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute , Adyar, Chennai 600020, India
| | - V Subramanian
- Chemical Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute , Adyar, Chennai 600020, India
| | - K K Balasubramanian
- INSA Senior Scientist, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600020, India
| | - S Mahalakshimi
- Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa's College, University of Madras , Chennai 600030, India
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16
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Design, synthesis and decoration of molecular scaffolds for exploitation in the production of alkaloid-like libraries. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2629-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Baumann M, Baxendale IR. The rapid generation of isothiocyanates in flow. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1613-9. [PMID: 24062820 PMCID: PMC3778409 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates are versatile starting materials for a wide range of chemical reactions. However, their high nucleophilic susceptibility means they are best prepared and used immediately. We report here on a flow platform for the fast and efficient formation of isothiocyanates by the direct conversion of easily prepared chloroximes. To expedite this chemistry a flow insert cartridge containing two immobilised reagents is used to affect the chemical transformation which typically eliminates the requirements for any conventional work-up or purification of the reaction stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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18
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Protasova LN, Bulut M, Ormerod D, Buekenhoudt A, Berton J, Stevens CV. Latest Highlights in Liquid-Phase Reactions for Organic Synthesis in Microreactors. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op4000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. N. Protasova
- Department of Separation and
Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - J. Berton
- Department of Sustainable Organic
Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent,
Belgium
| | - C. V. Stevens
- Department of Sustainable Organic
Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent,
Belgium
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19
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Banerjee S, Smith J, Smith J, Faulkner C, Masterson DS. A stereoselective cyclization strategy for the preparation of γ-lactams and their use in the synthesis of α-methyl-β-proline. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10925-30. [PMID: 23126540 DOI: 10.1021/jo3015903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward stereoselective and enantiodivergent cyclization strategy for the construction of γ-lactams is described. The cyclization strategy makes use of chiral malonic esters prepared from enantiomerically enriched monoesters of disubstituted malonic acid. The cyclization occurs with the selective displacement of a substituted benzyl alcohol as the leaving group. A Hammett study illustrates that the cyclization is under electronic control. The resulting γ-lactam can be readily converted into a novel proline analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive No. 5043, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, USA
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20
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Battilocchio C, Baxendale IR, Biava M, Kitching MO, Ley SV. A Flow-Based Synthesis of 2-Aminoadamantane-2-carboxylic Acid. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op300084z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Battilocchio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge
CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Ian R. Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge
CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Mariangela Biava
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, Roma 00185, Italy
| | - Matthew O. Kitching
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge
CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge
CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal G. Anderson
- Anderson’s Process Solutions, 7400 Griffin Lane, Jacksonville, Oregon 97530, United States
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Malet-Sanz
- World-Wide
Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Development API, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich
CT13 9NJ, U.K
| | - Flavien Susanne
- World-Wide
Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Development API, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich
CT13 9NJ, U.K
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23
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Pandiancherri S, Ryan SJ, Lupton DW. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of unstabilised azomethine ylides by Lewis base catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:7903-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26047f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Opalka SM, Longstreet AR, McQuade DT. Continuous proline catalysis via leaching of solid proline. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:1671-9. [PMID: 22238546 PMCID: PMC3252872 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate that a homogeneous catalyst can be prepared continuously via reaction with a packed-bed of a catalyst precursor. Specifically, we perform continuous proline catalyzed α-aminoxylations using a packed-bed of L-proline. The system relies on a multistep sequence in which an aldehyde and thiourea additive are passed through a column of solid proline, presumably forming a soluble oxazolidinone intermediate. This transports a catalytic amount of proline from the packed-bed into the reactor coil for subsequent combination with a solution of nitrosobenzene, affording the desired optically active α-aminooxy alcohol after reduction. To our knowledge, this is the first example in which a homogeneous catalyst is produced continuously using a packed-bed. We predict that the method will not only be useful for other L-proline catalyzed reactions, but we also foresee that it could be used to produce other catalytic species in flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Opalka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Ashley R Longstreet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
| | - D Tyler McQuade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306
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25
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Baumann M, Baxendale IR, Kuratli C, Ley SV, Martin RE, Schneider J. Synthesis of a drug-like focused library of trisubstituted pyrrolidines using integrated flow chemistry and batch methods. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2011; 13:405-13. [PMID: 21528880 DOI: 10.1021/co2000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A combination of flow and batch chemistries has been successfully applied to the assembly of a series of trisubstituted drug-like pyrrolidines. This study demonstrates the efficient preparation of a focused library of these pharmaceutically important structures using microreactor technologies, as well as classical parallel synthesis techniques, and thus exemplifies the impact of integrating innovative enabling tools within the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Baumann
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Ian R. Baxendale
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Christoph Kuratli
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Chemistry Technology and Innovation, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Rainer E. Martin
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Chemistry Technology and Innovation, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Josef Schneider
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Pharmaceuticals Division, Chemistry Technology and Innovation, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Riva E, Rencurosi A, Gagliardi S, Passarella D, Martinelli M. Synthesis of (+)-dumetorine and congeners by using flow chemistry technologies. Chemistry 2011; 17:6221-6. [PMID: 21506188 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An efficient total synthesis of the natural alkaloid (+)-dumetorine by using flow technology is described. The process entailed five separate steps starting from the enantiopure (S)-2-(piperidin-2-yl)ethanol 4 with 29% overall yield. Most of the reactions were carried out by exploiting solvent superheating and by using packed columns of immobilized reagents or scavengers to minimize handling. New protocols for performing classical reactions under continuous flow are disclosed: the ring-closing metathesis reaction with a novel polyethylene glycol-supported Hoveyda catalyst and the unprecedented flow deprotection/Eschweiler-Clarke methylation sequence. The new protocols developed for the synthesis of (+)-dumetorine were applied to the synthesis of its simplified natural congeners (-)-sedamine and (+)-sedridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Riva
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
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27
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Qian Z, Baxendale IR, Ley SV. A continuous flow process using a sequence of microreactors with in-line IR analysis for the preparation of N,N-diethyl-4-(3-fluorophenylpiperidin-4-ylidenemethyl)benzamide as a potent and highly selective δ-opioid receptor agonist. Chemistry 2011; 16:12342-8. [PMID: 20859972 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the design, optimisation and development of a continuous flow synthesis of N,N-diethyl-4-(3-fluorophenylpiperidin-4-ylidenemethyl)benzamide, a potent δ-opioid receptor agonist developed by AstraZeneca. The process employs a sequence of flow-based microreactors, with integrated purification employing solid-supported reagents and in-line IR analytical protocols using a newly developed ReactIR flow cell. With this monitoring device, initiation of the fourth input flow stream can be precisely controlled during the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizheng Qian
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW UK
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28
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Smith CJ, Smith CD, Nikbin N, Ley SV, Baxendale IR. Flow synthesis of organic azides and the multistep synthesis of imines and amines using a new monolithic triphenylphosphine reagent. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1927-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00813c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Zhang Y, Jamison TF, Patel S, Mainolfi N. Continuous Flow Coupling and Decarboxylation Reactions Promoted by Copper Tubing. Org Lett 2010; 13:280-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1026848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., Global Discovery Chemistry, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy F. Jamison
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., Global Discovery Chemistry, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sejal Patel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., Global Discovery Chemistry, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nello Mainolfi
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Inc., Global Discovery Chemistry, 100 Technology Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States, and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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30
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31
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Hopkin MD, Baxendale IR, Ley SV. A flow-based synthesis of imatinib: the API of Gleevec. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:2450-2. [PMID: 20309467 DOI: 10.1039/c001550d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A concise, flow-based synthesis of Imatinib, a compound used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia, is described whereby all steps are conducted in tubular flow coils or cartridges packed with reagents or scavengers to effect clean product formation. An in-line solvent switching procedure was developed enabling the procedure to be performed with limited manual handling of intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Hopkin
- Innovative Technology Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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32
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V. Ley S, Baumann M, R. Baxendale I, Kirschning A, Wegner J. Synthesis of Highly Substituted Nitropyrrolidines, Nitropyrrolizines and Nitropyrroles via Multicomponent-Multistep Sequences within a Flow Reactor. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/com-10-s(e)77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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