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Li S, Ma D. CuI/Oxalamide-Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of (Hetero)aryl Halides with Sodium Nitrite. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6626-6630. [PMID: 38648260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The N,N'-bis(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)oxalamide (BTMO) was found to be an effective ligand for Cu-catalyzed ipso-nitration of (hetero)aryl halides (Br, I), making the coupling reaction with sodium nitrite proceed smoothly at 100-120 °C with 1-5 mol % CuI and BTMO. Electron-rich substrates were the best coupling partners to give the desired coupling products in good to excellent yields at 100 °C. Electron-neutral substrates required heating at 120 °C to get complete conversion, while rather low conversions were observed in the case of electron-poor (hetero)aryl bromides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailuo Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Patra S, Mosiagin I, Katayev D, Giri R. Organic Nitrating Reagents. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNitro compounds are vital raw chemicals that are widely used in academic laboratories and industries for the preparation of various drugs, agrochemicals, and materials. Thus, nitrating reactions are of great importance for chemists and are even taught in schools as one of the fundamental transformations in organic synthesis. Since the discovery of the first nitrating reactions in the 19th century, progress in this field has been constant. Yet, for many years the classical electrophilic nitration approach using a mixture of strong mineral acids dominated the field. However, in recent decades, the attention of researchers has focused on new reactivity and new reagents that can provide access to nitro compounds in a practical and straightforward way under mild reaction conditions. Organic nitrating reagents have played a special role in this field since they have enhanced reactivity. They also allow nitration to be carried out in an ecofriendly and sustainable manner. This review examines the development and application of organic nitrating reagents.1 Introduction2 Organic Nitrating Reagents2.1 Alkyl Nitrites2.2 Nitroalkanes2.3 Alkyl Nitrates2.4 N-Nitroamides2.5 N-Nitropyrazole2.6 N-Nitropyridinium Salts3 Organic Nitrating Reagents Generated In Situ3.1 Acyl Nitrates3.2 Trimethylsilyl Nitrate3.3 Nitro Onium Salts4 Organic Nitronium Salts5 Organic Nitrates and Nitrites5.1 Ammonium Nitrates5.2 Heteroarylium Nitrates5.3 Other Organic Nitrates5.4 Organic Nitrites6 Conclusion and Outlook
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3
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Sousa E Silva FC, Van NT, Wengryniuk SE. Direct C-H α-Arylation of Enones with ArI(O 2CR) 2 Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:64-69. [PMID: 31841623 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
α-Arylation of α,β-unsaturated ketones constitutes a powerful synthetic transformation. It is most commonly achieved via cross-coupling of α-haloenones, but this stepwise strategy requires prefunctionalized substrates and expensive catalysts. Direct enone C-H α-arylation would offer an atom- and step-economical alternative, but such reports are scarce. Herein we report the metal-free direct C-H arylation of enones mediated by hypervalent iodine reagents. The reaction proceeds via a reductive iodonium Claisen rearrangement of in situ-generated β-pyridinium silyl enol ethers. The aryl groups are derived from ArI(O2CCF3)2 reagents, which are readily accessed from the parent iodoarenes. The reaction is tolerant of a wide range of substitution patterns, and the incorporated arenes maintain the valuable iodine functional handle. Mechanistic investigations implicate arylation via an umpoled "enolonium" species and show that the presence of a β-pyridinium moiety is critical for the desired C-C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Cesar Sousa E Silva
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , 1901 North 13th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Nguyen T Van
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , 1901 North 13th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Sarah E Wengryniuk
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , 1901 North 13th Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
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5
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Patel SS, Bochare MD, Degani MS. Preparation and characterization of a novel silica–KF composite and facile fluorination of aromatic substrates. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03559h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Excess of fluoride anions on the surface of silica–KF prepared by hydrolysis of TEOS leads to fluorination of aromatic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S. Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai
- India
| | - Machhindra D. Bochare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai
- India
| | - Mariam S. Degani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai
- India
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6
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Amal Joseph PJ, Priyadarshini S. Copper-Mediated C–X Functionalization of Aryl Halides. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Amal Joseph
- Department
of Chemistry, St. Albert’s College, Ernakulam, Kerala 682018, India
| | - S. Priyadarshini
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
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7
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Dong S, Wu G, Yuan X, Zou C, Ye J. Visible-light photoredox catalyzed hydroacylation of electron-deficient alkenes: carboxylic anhydride as an acyl radical source. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00453b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple aromatic carboxylic anhydrides have been employed for a novel acyl Michael addition via visible light photoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
- Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Guibing Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
- Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Xiaoqian Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
- Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Chuncheng Zou
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
- Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Jinxing Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry
- Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
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8
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Pawar GG, Brahmanandan A, Kapur M. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed, Heteroatom-Directed, Regioselective C–H Nitration of Anilines Using Pyrimidine as a Removable Directing Group. Org Lett 2016; 18:448-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Govind Goroba Pawar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass
Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Abhilashamole Brahmanandan
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass
Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Manmohan Kapur
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass
Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, India
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9
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Champagne PA, Desroches J, Hamel JD, Vandamme M, Paquin JF. Monofluorination of Organic Compounds: 10 Years of Innovation. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9073-174. [PMID: 25854146 DOI: 10.1021/cr500706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 673] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Alexandre Champagne
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Justine Desroches
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Jean-Denys Hamel
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Mathilde Vandamme
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CGCC, PROTEO, Département de Chimie, Université Laval , 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
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Liang YF, Li X, Wang X, Yan Y, Feng P, Jiao N. Aerobic Oxidation of PdII to PdIV by Active Radical Reactants: Direct C–H Nitration and Acylation of Arenes via Oxygenation Process with Molecular Oxygen. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs502126n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Liang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan
Rd. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan
Rd. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan
Rd. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuepeng Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan
Rd. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Feng
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan
Rd. 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan
Rd. 38, Beijing 100191, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200062, China
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Guo RN, Cai XF, Shi L, Chen ZP, Zhou YG. Synthesis of fluorinated heteroaromatics through formal substitution of a nitro group by fluorine under transition-metal-free conditions. Chemistry 2014; 20:8343-6. [PMID: 24867327 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and transition-metal-free approach was developed to access a series of fluorinated heteroaromatics in moderate to excellent yields. This one-pot procedure features a triple-relay transformation of rapid dearomatization, fluorination, and rearomatization processes, which represents a conceptually novel strategy of combining partial hydrogenation and electrophilic fluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Ning Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 411-84379220; Department of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012 (P. R. China)
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12
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Li YX, Li LH, Yang YF, Hua HL, Yan XB, Zhao LB, Zhang JB, Ji FJ, Liang YM. Direct oxidative nitration of aromatic sulfonamides under mild conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:9936-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03784g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This efficient reaction proceeds under very mild conditions with low cost nitration reagents and can be applied in gram-scale preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lian-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan-Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui-Liang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Biao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lian-Biao Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Northwest University for Nationalities
- Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jin-Bang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fa-Jin Ji
- The Eighth Middle School
- Yong jing 731605, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000, China
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13
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Priyadarshini S, Amal Joseph P, Kantam ML, Sreedhar B. Copper MOF: scope and limitation in catalytic hydroxylation and nitration of aryl halides. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Placzek MS, Chmielecki JM, Houghton C, Calder A, Wiles C, Jones GB. Fluoroalkynylations of Aryl Halides under Continuous-Flow Homogeneous Catalysis. J Flow Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-13-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Yan G, Yang M. Recent advances in the synthesis of aromatic nitro compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2554-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob27354g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Moore TM, Akula MR, Collier L, Kabalka GW. A rapid microfluidic synthesis of [18F]fluoroarenes from nitroarenes. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 71:47-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Sadler S, Moeller AR, Jones GB. Microwave and continuous flow technologies in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 7:1107-28. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2012.727393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Placzek M, LaBeaume P, Harris L, Ng P, Daniels M, Kallmerten A, Jones GB. Microwave accelerated three-component fluoroalkylations: expeditious routes to fluoropharmaceuticals and PET ligands. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Belanger AP, Pandey MK, DeGrado TR. Microwave-assisted radiosynthesis of [18F]fluorinated fatty acid analogs. Nucl Med Biol 2010; 38:435-41. [PMID: 21492792 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Microwave reactors remain largely underutilized in the field of positron emission tomography (PET) chemistry. This is particularly unfortunate since microwave synthesis elegantly addresses two of the most critical issues of PET radiochemistry with short-lived radionuclides: reaction rate and side-product formation. In this study, we investigate the efficiency of synthesis of terminally [(18)F]fluorinated fatty acid analogs using a commercial microwave reactor in comparison with conventional heating (CH). METHODS The labeling precursors were methyl esters of terminally substituted alkyl bromides and iodides. Duration and temperatures of the [(18)F]fluorination reaction were varied. Chemical and radiochemical purities, and radiochemical yields were investigated for conventional (CH) and microwave-assisted (MW) radiosyntheses. RESULTS The results demonstrate that microwave heating enhanced [(18)F]fluoride incorporation to >95% (up to 55% improvement), while reducing reaction times to 2 min (∼ 10-fold reduction) or temperatures to 55-60 °C (20 °C reduction). Overall decay-corrected radiochemical yields of purified [(18)F]fluoro fatty acids were higher (MW = 49.0 ± 4.5%, CH = 23.6 ± 3.5%, P < .05) with microwave heating and side-products were notably fewer. CONCLUSION For routine synthesis of [(18)F]fluoro fatty acid analogs, microwave heating is faster, milder, cleaner, less variable and higher yielding than CH and therefore the preferred reaction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Belanger
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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